Iosif Flavy: yonena, moyo, zithunzi

Mu '37, pamene Rome posachedwapa anakwera wachifumu Gay Kaligula, yemwe anabadwira ku Yudeya Iosif Flavy. Dzina limeneli - Baibulo Roma anatenga patapita nthawi yaitali. Pobadwa, mwana dzina lake Yosef mwana Matityahu.

magwero

Iye anali wa banja zabwino. bambo ake anali wansembe wodziwika ndi mayi wake wa magazi achifumu wa Ayuda Amakabeo mafumu. Apa tisaiwale kuti udindo adutsa pansi kupyolera mu mzere wamwamuna, ndipo ali ndi miyambo banja mtundu - chachikazi. Choncho, mosiyana ndi ena amanena sanakhulupirire kuti Iosif Flavy achifumu magazi.

Ndipo komabe iye akadali anatsogolera moyo wa munthu wolemekezeka mnyamata. Tangoonani mapangidwe Flavia. Iye ankadziwa Chigiriki, lomwe m'tsogolo kulemba ntchito yake yotchuka.

Maphunziro ndi ntchito

Masiku amenewo, mu Yuda anali wotchuka m'magulu ambiri ndipo ziphunzitso. Mwachitsanzo, kutsogolera Mkhristu mokwanira. Iosif Flavy mwa zaka 16, ayamba Aesene ndi zaka zitatu monga kudzipatula a.

Kumapeto kwa wachiwiri mnyamata wa zaka khumi anakhala membala wa chipembedzo ndi chikhalidwe zochita za Afarisi, amene anali ndi chikoka chachikulu pa moyo mkati a m'chigawo Roma.

Iosif Flavy ukoma cha chiyambi chake ndi nzeru m'gulu zosiyanasiyana kugwirizana otchuka. Pamene 64, anapita Rome, ankatha kumasula Ayuda ochepa wolakwa pa milandu yabodza. Iye ankachita izo chifukwa cha wodziwa Poppaea - mkazi wa Mfumu Nero, amene anamwalira posachedwapa mwina ndi poyizoni.

nkhondo Ayuda

Komabe, moyo wamtendere inatha mu Ufumu. zotsutsana National anagonjetsedwa mwa Ayuda ndi mzindawo. Mfumu Nero kukhala kazembe wa chigawo cha Hesse Flora. Zinali munthu wadyera amene akuponderezedwa anthu wamba.

Dziko la Israel sindikanakhoza kupirira maganizo amenewa anapanduka. Anakopa zodabwitsazi wakhala lina la Azelote lapansi. Zinali gulu ndale komanso pakati pa Ayuda, amene ankafuna kuchotsa dziko ku zochita za Ufumu wa Roma ndiponso chikhalidwe chawo.

warlord

Tsopano nzika iliyonse anayenera kusankha pa kumbali anali padziko. Choyamba Iosif Flavy anagwirizana omwe ankafuna kuthetsa mkangano mwamtendere. Koma mu 66 Bwanamkubwa wa Roma Syria, Seshasi Galasi, kale anaukira Isiraeli. Choncho Yosefe, pali kanthu katsalira koma mmene kuteteza. Chifukwa kutchuka kwake ndi chiyambi, iye anakhala mtsogoleri wa chitetezo wa theka kumpoto kwa dziko - Galileya.

The warlord wamng'ono anatha kusonkhanitsa asilikali 10 zikwi zida zamphamvu ndi kulimbikitsa mizinda m'chigawo izi. Komabe, kupambana pa zosakhalitsa, ndipo zinatha pamene dziko anadza Vasipashani asilikali. Zachitetezo anawapereka iwo wopanda nkhondo, mmodzi ndi mmodzi, mpaka chimodzi chokha mzinda Iotopaty. Palinso akutsogozedwa Iosif Flavy. nkhondo Ayuda zinaipa, ndipo anaganiza kuti musapereke mdani mpanda.

The kusintha kwa Aroma

City unatenga masiku 47. Zina asilikali achiroma apha 40,000 Ayuda. Joseph anathawa ndi gulu laling'ono mu mphanga, pakhomo amene anali oletsedwa. Vasipashani akufuna detachment kuti adzipereke, adalandira kukana. Pa nthawi yomweyo, Joseph analangiza comrades ake osalola. Potsiriza iye anakwanitsa kukopa omvera kupha munthu tsiku lirilonse, linanena bungwe akadali oletsedwa. Kuti tichite zimenezi, iwo maere. Kumapeto unakhalabe moyo awiri - ndekha ndi mkulu wa Myuda wina.

The awiri a iwo anagonja kwa wopambana, ndipo Yosefe anatenga dzina la Flavius Vasipashani ulemu. Pamene Myuda anabweretsa kwa msasa wa Aroma, iye ananeneratu suppressors kupanduka lachifumu mutu. Poyamba Vasipashani anaganiza kuti Yosefe chabe kuonera pa iye ndi kuyesa kukhulupirira ndi chinyengo. Komabe, posakhalitsa anafika ku likulu la uthenga wakuti Nero anali akufa, ndipo mwa ntchito ndi oopsa makani.

Vasipashani anaganiza kuti tiziwononga nthawi ndi nthawi yomweyo anapita ku Ulaya, kumene Ndipotu anapambana pa mpando wachifumu. Kuchoka ku Yudeya, anaikidwa kumeneko monga wolowa mwana wake Tito, ndi Yosefe ankachoka khoti monga wotanthauzira ndi osayanjanitsika.

nkhondo siinathe panobe, ndipo Aroma anapita ku Yerusalemu. , Asilikali anayamba, Joseph adayesetsa atsogoleri ake adzipereke kwa Aroma, zimene wakhala anakana. Pomaliza, mzinda lidagwa ndipo anagonjetsa. Joseph anakwanitsa kukopa Tito kumasula anthu mazana awiri, khala chete mu Kachisi Woyera. Komanso anapatsidwa mabuku ambiri kusungidwa kumeneko.

ntchito zolembalemba

Ndi isanayambike dziko, Joseph anayamba kukhala Mapu. Pamene iye anali munthu okalamba, anayamba kulemba ndi analemba mabuku ambiri. Awa anali ntchito zimene zimasonyeza osati luso komanso zinachitikira asilikali, wokwatibwa ndi Iosif Flavy. "Nkhondo Ayuda" - buku wotchuka kwambiri. Amakhala ndi mabuku angapo. Nkhani chimakwirira nthawi ya nkhondoyo, imene panafika Yosefe. Nkhani umatha ndi kugwa kwa Yerusalemu. kulongosola uku yoyamba nkhani ya moyo ndi zochitika yoyamba m'chigawo izi.

Iosifa Flaviya buku "Nkhondo Ayuda" kawirikawiri pamodzi ndi "Antiquities Ayuda" - phunziro zikuluzikulu za mbiri Ayuda kuyambira nthawi zochitika za m'Baibulo. Ntchito lidalembedwa ngati umboni kuti anthu awa ali ndi cholowa kwambiri. Today zikuoneka zoonekeratu, koma akale nyengo Roma ndi alendo zambiri ankakhulupirira kuti Ayuda adatuluka mu Aigupto, ndi inayambira.

Buku lina zofunika - ndi "Autobiography." Wolemba anayesa kuyankha funso nokha, amene ali Iosif Flavy. Mmenemo apatsa Khadili cha zochita zawo pa nkhondo ya Ayuda, pamene wolemba anasamukira ku mbali ya Aroma.

Buku linanso "Against Apion" linalembedwa mu mzimu wa kutsutsana ndi analankhula malamulo odziwika bwino. Zinali katswiri Alesandreya, amene analemba buku Ayuda ndi zambiri anadzudzula iwo. Iosif Flavy chitsanzo cha Mose ndi malamulo ake adakangana kuti Apion cholakwika.

Onse a mabuku wolemba pamwamba mwafika kuno ku chitetezo, kodi phindu lalikulu. Zolemba za olemba ambiri wakale atamwalira ndipo aiwala mu masiku a mibadwo ya mdima. Pa Kubadwa Kwatsopano m'zaka XVI panali buku la mabuku Greek kuti Iosif Flavy analemba. Photo a kugwira wake imakongoletsa mabuku ambiri.

Ubale ndi Chikhristu

Monga katswiri wa moyo mu theka lachiwiri la m'zaka ine, iye anatha kulembamo ambiri zotchulidwa mu Uthenga Wabwino. Makamaka iye akulankhula za Yesu ndi imfa yake pa mtanda, imfa ya Ioanna Predtechi, ndi zina zotero D..

Komabe, mu historiography ano pa nkhani imeneyi imachitika mikangano ambiri. Akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti anthu amenewa mwadala anaikapo mu ntchito atafa mlembi. Zimenezi zikusonyezedwa ndi mfundo zosiyana, monga chakuti Yesu Khristu amatchedwa mu mabuku, ngakhale mbiri sanali Mkhristu. Koma ziribe kanthu momwe analemba Iosif Flavy, moyo wa munthuyu akupitirizabe angachititse chidwi akatswiri.