Cyclamen: malo mbewu. Cyclamen: mitundu, kulima ndi kusamalira kunyumba

Ngati mukufuna chinachake chapadera ndi yowala kwambiri mu nyumba kapena nyumba, muyenera kusankha mbewu kuti ali maluwa onunkhira wokongola - Cyclamen. Kodi kuwasamalira ndi mmene kubereka - funso si yovuta kwambiri, koma pamafunika khama. Ngati inu mukufuna kuwona wobiriwira chaka chonse, ndi bwino kuti tiyandikire cyclamen European, ngati yowala ndiponso wodzaza maluwa, Mperisiya. M'nkhani ino ndiponso mulandu wina, kupirira kukula si yaitali wodzala. Kuwonjezera makhalidwe mkulu kukongoletsa, khalidwe kwa cyclamen ndi mankhwala. ntchito popanga mankhwala ankachita kuyambira nthawi ya Hippocrates. Cyclamen maluwa amatchedwanso Mfumu Solomo. Malinga ndi nthano ina, iye sanadodome kwa nthawi yaitali bwanji kuti musankhe mawonekedwe korona wake. Zosintha ambiri layesedwa, koma mwangozi kutsogolo kwa diso kazembe anaonekera cyclamen wodzichepetsa umene mozama wokondedwa, womwe ndi mtundu wa maluwa ndi Solomo anapatsa mukufunira.

mitundu

M'nyumba Cyclamen ndi zokwana, monga ulamuliro, mmodzi wa awiriwo mitundu ambiri: Persian kapena European. Onse a iwo kukongoletsa kwambiri, koma osiyana pang'ono mu maonekedwe ndi mmene kukula cyclamen. Persian nthawi zina umatchedwanso violets monga ya m'mapiri. Iye kaso, ndi kukongoletsa maluwa komanso masamba. Chomera ali ndi nthawi matalala. Chimakhudza opondapo kwa makulidwe nyumba chomera - mpaka 30 cm mu msinkhu. Iye ndiye kholo ambiri a mitundu masiku ano.

Mosavuta chipinda chikhalidwe cyclamen European. M'nyengo yozizira, zilibe kukhetsa masamba ndi amasunga amadyera mu chaka. Koma kukula n'chochepa kwambiri, maluwa ndi wokongola pa nthawi yomweyo, nthawi zambiri pinkish mtundu ndiponso zobisika zosangalatsa fungo. zosiyanasiyana Izi makamaka oyenera amene akungoyamba womdziwa awo ndi cyclamen. N'zosavuta kukula ndi Hardy, ngati mwadzidzidzi analenga zinthu izo sizikugwirizana. Beyond mitundu iwiri, pali wina - ndi cyclamen Caucasus, koma kukumana ndi iye mu nyumba yathu - ndi mukusoŵa. Chimakula m'mbali mwa mapiri, maluwa mwayera woongoka pinki zina. Zimatanthauza zomera oyambirira-maluwa ndi amakondwera ndi mitundu yowala kuyambira February, mwamsanga pamene kuonekere woyamba yamawangamawanga thawed.

Muzu, monga mwa mitundu ina, ndi anamaliza tuber. Kwenikweni ndi ntchito kunyumba mbewu m'munda, Primrose. Cyclamen Caucasus kutchulidwa Red Book of Russia mitundu ndi osatetezeka, amene nambala likunena zimachepa.

Cyclamen: adzabadwira zomera

Iwo akhoza bwinobwino adzatchedwa mfundo zinayi pa dziko ndi kufala kwa maluwa: Malaya Aziya, Iran, pa Ulaya ndi Mediterranean. M'dera la kukula lonse ndithu, izo zikukula mu m'tsinde, mu nkhalango. Monga chikhalidwe zomera m'munda cyclamen amatchulidwa mu 1731, koma kutchuka yaikulu anayamba kugula okha pamene chikugwirizana ndi obereketsa choncho. Kupanga zosiyanasiyana zidzasintha ndi Terry waukulu, kapena maluwa yosavuta ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana, iwo kalekale wotetezedwa iye kutchuka. M'masitolo wathu makamaka zofala Persian cyclamen. Dziko zomera - Malaya Aziya ndi Greece, kumene umakhala ndi pansi lotseguka m'chaka, mukhoza kubwera kudutsa minda wonse, onunkhira amphamvu kwambiri fungo. Chifukwa chakuti izo limamasula padziko Christmas, mu Europe izo wakula padziko lonse mafakitale, makamaka Germany, Holland, Italy ndi France. Ndipo osati monga houseplant, komanso chifukwa loggias, patios ndi minda. Koma wake, pafupi European cyclamen (malo mbewu - pa Ulaya) si monga wamba. Ngakhale n'kosavuta kukula.

Ikani mu nyumba ndi magetsi

Ngakhale malo cyclamen chipinda - climes otentha ya Mediterranean, iye wakonda zinachititsa kuti kuwala, popanda kukhudzana mwachindunji kwa dzuŵa. Ngati kuika pansi, ndiye mosakayikira kusochera zowoneka, kotero malo abwino kukhala kumadzulo ndi kum'mawa mazenera m'nyumba kapena poyimitsa wapadera maluwa malo pang'ono shaded. M'nyumba Cyclamen ndi wovuta kwambiri pankhani ya ulamuliro kutentha. Ichi ndi mbali yake ndi imodzi mwa mokoma kukula. chilimwe kutentha ayenera kukhala pakati madigiri 18-25 ndi mulingo woyenera yozizira ndi yabwino - 10. Kulephera kwa zinthu izi zingachititse chakuti cyclamen chabe Kusiya maluwa kapena zambiri kufa.

Malinga ndi ziphunzitso za Feng Shui, mbewu kumathandiza kuti olimba wa mphamvu mu nyumba kapena nyumba, umabweretsa tanthauzo la anthu ndi banja logwirizana. Pafupipafupi kudumpha maganizo kapena maganizo, malinga ndi akatswiri, izo ndi mutu. Cyclamen bwino bwanji pa timu ntchito ndi m'banja izo, chifukwa iwo adzakhala wabwino ofesi. Ngati mukufuna kubweretsa kumverera omveka mu moyo wanu, amakonda owala kapezi cyclamen, chifukwa chikondi, kusankha woyera kapena wofiira.

Kodi kukonzekera pansi?

Ngati inu kugula okonzeka zopangidwa nthaka, ndiye palibe vuto adzauka. Ngati pali chilakolako kuphika nokha, m'pofunika kuganizira mfundo zingapo zofunika. Dziko cyclamen chipinda Mzimuyo maonekedwe ake, ndipo ichi tiyenera kuziganizira posankha nthaka. Pakuti Persian, akatswiri amalangiza kukonza pansi pepala, pansi kuwaika, humus ndi mchenga mulingo ofanana. N'kwabwino kwambiri Kuwonjezera laimu wosweka mwala kapena pang'ono (1 gawo) ndi peat.

A yosiyana zikuchokera chiŵerengero cha zigawo zikuluzikulu mogwirizana ndi cyclamen European. zomera dziko - Alps meadows. Choncho, m'pofunika kuti ngalande wabwino, ndipo bwino wosakanikirana chisakanizo cha kuwaika, nthaka tsamba, manyowa, zimene peat ndi mchenga chiŵerengero 2: 2: 2: 2: 1. kusakaniza dothi ayenera calcined kapena steamed mu uvuni kuteteza zikamera matenda osiyanasiyana ndi tizirombo. N'zothekanso kuwonjezera makilogalamu 1 panthaka superphosphate idzatha (1 g), mankwala feteleza (4 g), nitrate ammonium (0.4 g). Cyclamen kunyumba sikutanthauza mphika, ndi bwino kusankha osaya, ndi awiri a 10-15 cm.

Chofunika kwambiri ndi kuya kwa kubzala. The cyclamen European mizu kukula mu circumference wa tuber, kotero inu mukhoza bwinobwino kuika kwathunthu mu nthaka. Koma congener wake Persian bwino kusiya nsonga pamwamba pa nthaka.

European cyclamen kumuika si nthawi zambiri muyenera. Ngati mphika waukulu, ilo likhoza kuvunda kapena, chabwino, imfayo pachimake. toyesa Large zikusintha mphika (1-2 cm kuposa oyamba) kamodzi mu zaka 2-4.

boma madzi

Funso la mmene kuthirira cyclamen n'kofunika kwambiri. Compliance ndi ulamuliro wa madzi - ndi nkhondo theka pa nkhani ya kulima. Zomera pa kutentha m'munsi (10-15 madigiri) safuna chinyezi mkulu, zidzachitikanso omasuka zokwanira, choncho safuna kuti sprayed. Izi yekha chofunika ngati chipinda otentha. Ndicho osati zofunika utsi mbewu yokha ndi mpweya mozungulira icho kuletsa madzi kuyamba masamba kapena tuber projecting. Kapena m'pofunika kuika mphika pa miyala yonyowa kapena kukodzedwa dongo kwa kanthawi.

Chinthu choyamba kukumbukira ikukula cyclamen kunyumba - Iye salola chinyezi owonjezera. Kutsirira ayenera kukhala osamala kwambiri, koma zambiri pa maluwa, kuyanika zadothi chikomokere sangakhoze kupirira. madzi sayenera kugwa pa masamba ndi zikhawo, makamaka, ndiye kuti akhoza kuchita muzu zowola. Choncho, muyenera madzi m'mphepete mwa mphika imene maluwa amalima. ntchito bwino madzi Sungunulani, ngati inu kutenga mpopi, ndiye pamaso kuthirira cyclamen, muyenera kupereka izo kukhazikika. nthawi kungafune maola osachepera 12.

feteleza

Cyclamen kudyetsedwa kunyumba ndi kofunikira pa yogwira nyengo kukula, pamene kukula kwambiri akuyamba, anapanga masamba. Sikuti madzi fetereza basi anagula pa sitolo duwa, mulole izo acclimate woyamba azolowere zinthu zatsopano. Pafupipafupi - kamodzi pa masabata awiri. Feteleza kungakhale organic ndi mchere. Ndi muyeso masika ndi kusunga asankhe zimene zili chlorine ndi osachepera. Tsopano m'masitolo angapezeke kwa maluwa fetereza wapadera kwa mitundu mbewu iliyonse, iwo kusankha kwambiri mulingo woyenera muyezo wa mchere ndi zinthu organic, ndi bwino kugula izi. ndende si kofunika kudziwa ndi diso, zinthu mogwirizana ndi malangizo. Apo ayi, kungachititse kuti owonjezera nayitrogeni m'nthaka, ndipo zidzapangitsa kuti zimene ochuluka kukhala masamba, kunena mwachidule, adzayamba kumangidwa misa wobiriwira, ndipo simudzaliona maluwa.

Cyclamen: kusamalira pa maluwa?

Nkofunika kukhala kutentha olondola a mpweya mu chipinda, osati oposa 15 ° C, koma osati m'munsimu 10 ° C - kuti sitingakumane ndi maluwa zambiri ndi yaitali. Cyclamens pa nthawi iyi ayenera kuthirira wochuluka, koma sangathe kulipeza. Choncho, madzi owonjezera ayenera ataphwa sump pambuyo Mphindi 10-15. M'pofunikanso kuwayang'anira masamba ndi kuchotsa nthawi youma, mwinamwake lingachititse kuvunda. Pamene zokha kukwera, m'pofunika mosamala kuchotsa izo. Chifukwa chaichi m'pofunika atembenuza pang'ono ndi kukoka.

Nthawi zina

Aliyense pambuyo 3-4 miyezi ya maluwa zambiri. Ndipo ichi ndi chimodzi mwa mayankho ku funso chifukwa cyclamen mufuna. Choyamba asiye kupanga masamba atsopano, ndiyeno pang'onopang'ono zokha ndipo masamba adzafota. Mu cyclamen Persian zikuchitika April, nthawi iyi ayenera kuchepetsedwa kuthirira. Ndipo pamene masamba musakhale konse, ndiye muyenera pang'ono chabe kukhalabe chinyontho m'nthaka. Panthawi imeneyi, ndi mphika maluwa ayenera kuchotsedwa mu malo ozizira ndi shaded. M'mayiko ambiri, Persian cyclamen mbewu wakula ngati munthu wolemera, ndi kuperekedwa pa Khirisimasi kapena Chaka Chatsopano, ndi akondwera makamu wochuluka maluwa, ndiyeno limangolembedwa anataya. Ndipo izi n'zomveka, chifukwa ndi kugula sitolo ukufalikira cyclamen Persian, inu zimavuta kukwaniritsa chomwecho kukonzanso pachimake kunyumba. Onse a iwo mwakula mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi kuzoloŵera microclimate m'nyumba kwambiri, chovuta kwambiri. Choncho musanayambe kugula, ganizirani mmene kukula cyclamen, ngati inu nthawi yokwanira, kaya pali malo abwino nyumba ya. Ngati inu angayerekeze, kusamala posankha. M'pofunika kupereka mmalo cyclamens, amene kuyambira basi pachimake, nthaka ayenera kukhala amtengo masamba lonyowa - ndi zachilendo turgor, mizu ndi zikhawo - zizindikiro za zowola ndi kuwononga tizilombo.

Patapita nthawi zina cyclamen Persian ku moyo kuchiyambi kwa nyengo yozizira. Mwamsanga pamene inu munazindikira kuti masamba kuoneka, m'pofunika kuyamba kuthirira mbewu ndi kusamukira ku malo owala.

kubalana wa cyclamen

Mukhoza kuchita izi m'njira ziwiri: kwa mbewu ndi gulu la tuber lapansi. The njira yamasika zoopsa kwambiri mbewu, imbaenda kuna dzuwa ake otsika ndi ilo nkomwe nthawi ntchito kunyumba. Kukula cyclamen mbewu - ndi njira yabwino ya kafalitsidwe, ndi mitundu ya Persian - lokhalo lovomerezeka. Ngati kukula mitundu angapo, ndipo mukufuna mabuku kuti zofanana kwa iwo, ndi bwino kusiya maganizo kwanu. Mbewu analandira ku nyumba, ndi chodziwikiratu kuti musunge makhalidwe phenotypic wa makolo awo. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti masitolo onse mbewu - wosakanizidwa wa m'badwo woyamba, kubalana anayamba kumabweretsa mbali ndi akuwaza. Choncho m'pofunika kugula mbewu, ndipo zabwino ndi Mlengi odalirika.

Chodzala mbewu ya cyclamen n'zotheka chaka chonse, koma njira yabwino kuchita izo oyambirira m'chaka. Gwiritsani kugula okonzeka zopangidwa, wosabala nthaka. mbewu ayenera Pre anaziviika- mu njira ya zamera-stimulator kukula, monga mankhwala "Appin", monga zinalembedwa malangizo ntchito. Bokosi sayenera tatikulu. M'dziko la wodzipangitsa grooves (1 cm), madzi bwino ndipo achotsedwe leechki anakonza mbewu. Ndiye inu kutseka chidebe opaque polyethylene, monga koyenera kuti kumera wa m'dima. Onetsetsani kusunga chinyezi mu nthaka ndi kutentha mokwanira mkulu mpweya - 20 ° C. Patapita mwezi kapena masabata asanu padzakhala mphukira, m'pofunika kuchotsa filimu ndi kusuntha bokosi mu malo ndi kuwala koonekera. Pamene chomera wamng'ono masamba awiri kapena atatu woona, m'pofunika kuyenda pansi pa madzi mu mphika osiyana, ndipo pambuyo pa miyezi 6-7, kuziika mu chidebe zazikulu ndi awiri a 8-10 cm. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mu chaka choyamba cha cyclamen si "mpumulo" ndi limamasula pafupifupi 2 zaka. Kukula cyclamen kunyumba kwa mbewu - ndi zovuta kwambiri ndipo amafuna bwinobwino komanso kusamala njira.

Primroses m'munda

Cyclamen ndi otchuka monga houseplant, ndipo amamuiwala monga duwa munda. Kukula mu nthaka momasuka kukhala, koma izi zichitike mzigawo otentha la Russia, ndi kotentha ndipo nyengo yotenthayi yaitali. Choncho, ndithudi, chifukwa cha ichi adzakhala tiyandikire cyclamen European. Iwo adzayang'ana lalikulu minda thanthwe, mu kakwamba gulu ndi crocuses ndi primroses ena. Ena akatswiri wamaluwa zigwiritsidwe ntchito kukula ngakhale Urals lapansi. Ngati mukufuna azikongoletsa malo anu cyclamen, muyenera kukumbukira ochepa zina zabwino zofunika:

• kubzala malo ayenera kutetezedwa drafts ndi mvula Mwachitsanzo, pansi pa mitengo m'munda;
• nthaka ayenera bwino chatsanulidwa, pochitika chinyezi, kupewa madzi stagnation;
• ngati chipale pang'ono m'nyengo yozizira, ayenera pang'ono cyclamen chikopa spruce spruce nthambi;
• tuber ayenera anabzala mu nthaka kwathunthu, kusiya kumtunda pamwamba pa;
• sasintha nthawi zambiri ikani zomera m'deralo, monga izi kuzilala wake, cyclamen akhoza kukula motalika kokwanira popanda cha makhalidwe.

Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga

Nthawi zambiri anakhudzidwa zomera ndi matenda toyambitsa matenda a mafangasi kumathandiza kuti chisamaliro zosayenera, akuti:

• mpweya kouma, chinyezi owonjezera m'nthaka, kuunikira osauka - zonsezi imachepetsa chitetezo cha m'thupi;
• molakwa chikufanana gawo lapansi;
• wamkulu kwambiri kapena, Tikawonetsetsa mphika yaing'ono;
• feteleza owonjezera munali asafe;
• zosayenera malo a nyumba ya.

Taganizirani matenda ambiri amene akuvutitsa cyclamen kunyumba.

1. Fusarium. Iwo ali chikhalidwe mafangasi ndi kwenikweni zimakhudza zotengera za mbewu. Choncho, wodzala ayenera kukadziwitsa pamene masamba anayamba kutembenukira chikasu kuchokera pamwamba ndi pang'onopang'ono kuchepa mphamvu. Bzalani angapulumutse kupopera ndi kuthirira muzu wapadera njira fungicides.
2. nkhungu Gray. chifukwa iye - ndi bowa "Botrytis". Development zimathandiza ndi chinyezi mkulu ndi ozizira mpweya ndi ingress madzi pa madzi mu masamba zitsulo ndi masamba. Cyclamen, amene chithunzi chili m'munsimu, chidwi ndi bowa "Botrytis". Pamene anapeza zizindikiro zofanana matenda chinthu choyamba kuchita - ndi kupeza mbewu kachilombo kuchokera toyesa wathanzi. Chinthu chachiwiri - kuchotsa ndi kutaya mbali zowonongeka, kenako ankachitira ndi cyclamen fungicide.
3. Anthracnose. Matenda a mafangasi, mosiyana, amapezeka m'madera ofunda ndi chinyezi owonjezera m'nthaka. Choyamba anagunda masamba ndi mapesi maluwa, ndiyeno cyclamen lonse. Photo chimasonyeza kuti pa ukufalikira masamba kuonongeka kusiya ornamentation zonse, ndipo masamba adzafota.
4. Wa makoswewo tisaiwale nsabwe, napusaki ndi cyclamen mite. Ngati woyamba tizirombo awiri Tingaone kuzionetsetsa pafupi, yotsirizira - satero. Cyclamen mite ndi laling'ono kwambiri, ndamva kuti mmera matenda zingakhale pa malo angapo: mfundo zomwe zinkakhala kukula, chapakati phesi tsamba amakhala yokhota kumapeto ndipo alibe kukula otsala lalifupi, masamba musati kukula ndi kufota. Kachilombo maluwa chofunika tizilombo mankhwala. Nsabwe komanso zikhoza kuwoneka ndi apoyera. zomera kuwonongeka wamkulu tizilombo ndi mphutsi yawo. Kwenikweni, amakhala oopsa kwa masamba ndi masamba mu ndondomeko ya moyo asiye ndi noticeable "njanji". Likukhudza napusaki amalimbikitsa mkulu firiji ndi mpweya youma.

Polimbana ndi tizirombo ndi matenda a mafangasi kapena chiyambi bakiteriya, mosakayikira kukonzekera mwapadera: "oksihom", "fundazol", "fitosporin", "topazi", "Agat-25K", colloidal sulfure.

Ndipo kumbukirani kuti kufala kwa matenda zikhoza kupewedwa pakumwa dongosolo moyenera ulimi kulimbikitsa makope mpweya mu chipinda, kuteteza stagnation ake.