France - kholo la osati kachitidwe mkulu, komanso njira zambiri m'munda wa luso. Back mu zaka zana la 17 ndi mwana wa khoti upholsterer Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, imadziwika padziko lonse pansi pa dzina la Moliere, analemba zoseketsa, anzeru Comedy, kaphatikizidwe mu chimodzi, awiri Mitundu mosiyanasiyananso monga kwambiri ntchito ed ndi kuvina. Ndipo tsopano za zana lachinayi, zilibe kuchoka pa dziko likulu ndi malo zigawo kusukulu, ndi ngwazi za ntchito nthawi yaitali kuyambira kukhala dzina banja umunthu.
Oyamba mtundu wanyimbo
Kumene, tikulankhula za kwambiri Moliere sewero lanthabwala "Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme". Latsopano mu mankhwala anali chirichonse, kutchulidwa kunyazitsa miyambo ndi zizolowezi za anthu mkulu, ndi mozindikira ankafotokozedwa mbuli chipongwe, umbuli, dyera ndi kupusa kwa bourgeoisie ndi, mobwerezabwereza kuyesetsa kugawana mphamvu ndi maudindo dziko ndi anthu otchuka osauka, ndi chisoni zoonekeratu kuti wolemba anthu wamba, oimira otchedwa lachitatu malo. Kwambiri kwa mavuto ndi malo mlembi. A staging chidwi zovala zokongola, manambala nyimbo ... Louis 14, Mkristu wokhulupirika kuonera nyimbo, kuvina, makamaka kuvina, amakonda zosiyanasiyana yosangalatsa zisudzo. Koma pamaso Moliere zimenezi mosamala kuphatikiza kanthu wowoneka bwino, kuvina ndi kuvina playwrights analephera. Pa nkhani imeneyi, "The njonda Bourgeois" tinganene kuti monga kalambulabwalo wa nyimbo zamakono. Comedy-kuvina - mtundu wanyimbo lapadera ntchito zazikulu za Moliere.
Mbiri ya sewero lanthabwala ndi
Chochitika chimene sewero lanthabwala anabadwa, si zabwinobwino. Pamene, mu 1669, Dzuwa Mfumu Louis anaitanidwa monga chilakolako cha zovala, zibangili, maonekedwe yowoneka ndi gloss, inali kudziŵika kuti Sultan Ottoman Great (ie Turkey) amamutumiza iye ndi nthumwi ambassadorial la France kazembe anaganiza kumumenya pa gawo la mwanaalirenji. Lonyezimira ngale, kuchuluka kwa golide ndi siliva, mtengo nsalu, mwanaalirenji anali ku kadamsana akazembe a diso, anazolowera kukhala East ndi kuchuluka ofanana ndi kufalikira padziko lonse ulemerero wa chuma ndi ulemerero wa bwalo French ndi wolamulira wake. Koma lingaliro la mfumu analephera: anali mwakumana ndi wabodza ndi chinyengo. Chifukwa chokwiya, Louis analamula Moliere analemba Comedy, yomwe kunyozedwa mtima Turkey, pamodzi ndi nthumwi zawo. Choncho anabadwa "The Bourgeois njonda", mfundo koyamba kuti pamaso pa mfumu ndi anthu otchuka anapatsidwa m'ma October 1670, chaka ndi boma, kuti anthu Parisian - mu November 1670 wachiwiri. Kuchokera tsiku limenelo (28 November) pa siteji ya zamasewero waukulu wa Paris - m'chiholo chotchedwa Palais Royal - pa zisudzo moyo ake ankachitika nthawi zoposa 42, ndipo kuti si kuwerengera chuma ena m'mabwalo ang'onoang'ono! Ndipo pambuyo pa zaka anaonekera yoyamba yomasulira akatswiri mu sewero lanthabwala Russian. "The Bourgeois njonda" chinaperekedwa ku Russia "wopambana kwambiri" ndipo gulu lake kupambana kumatenga mpaka tsopano.
Zili ndi zilembo
ntchito za chiwembu ndi yosavuta, intrigue waukulu sewero lanthabwala chagona pa nkhondo, koma zilembo. Jourdain, zaka zake wimp, wolemera kwambiri, koma moperewera, wamwano, ndi zina moona opusa, mbuli, mwa onse akufuna kulowa lolemera kuyengedwa, kukongola, gallantry ndi gloss. Cholinga chachikulu cha zonse za ndale wake - Marquis Dorimena, prunes achifumu, anazolowera kudzaweruza anthu ndi zovuta m'matumba awo ndipo mutu wa voliyumu. Earl imawonongeka Dorant, trickster ndi wonyenga, bwinobwino amatsogolera Jourdain ndi mphuno, kulonjezedwa kuthandiza kukondana Dorimenoy ndi ambiri, kuti atchule wake "bwenzi" pamwamba kuwala Parisian. Ndi chikhalidwe si wopusa, Bambo Jourdain khungu ndi nzeru ndi otchuka mu kutsindika osati zindikirani kuti kale kukhala "ndalama ng'ombe" chabe olemekezeka ngati scoundrels. Iye amawatenga iwo ndalama yaikulu ndalama, popanda kubwerera. Ndi ntchito gulu la aphunzitsi, tailors, kwa ena ophunzira ndi lofanana mbali zonse izo. Kusokonezedwa ndi izo sizitero, koma ndalama za golidi funneling mtsinje waukulu. Ndipotu, "The Bourgeois njonda", mwachidule zomwe ndi kunyoza ndi Kutsutsa kalasi chigamulo cha anthu olemekezeka, ndipo akubwera m'malo mwa bourgeoisie ndi, pali parody chidwi wa monarchical absolutist boma kuti anatuluka mu France m'zaka 17 mochedwa. Comedy bwino limatitsimikizira kuti tsogolo - osati Jourdain ndi Dorant, ndi moona, yogwira, akhama ndi zisathe mitundu amenewa ndi zilembo, monga Kleont mkwati wamkazi wa Jourdain, kuchokera Kovel - atumiki ake, ndi onse amene ntchito kukwaniritsa chilichonse mu moyo kupyola mu malingaliro ake, ndi mphamvu. Pa nkhani imeneyi, buku lotchedwa "Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme" angakhale kompyuta kwa otchuka Russian. Komabe, pafupi ndi maganizo a kukopera ndi ntchito ya Moliere sewero lanthabwala anali katswiri Russian Wolemba wina Fonvizina "Oaf." Onse a iwo ali m'gulu la thumba golide mabuku dziko.
banja la zithunzi
Nkosafuna kunena kuti ambiri mawu sewero lanthabwala anakhala aphorisms, ndi protagonist umasonyeza mwano munthu ndi kusaphunzira, kusowa kukoma ndi tanthauzo la chiwerengero! "Jourdain ndi curlers" - ife tikuyankhula za izi, ndi zimenezo!