Clavicle: Kodi thunthu, ntchito, kapangidwe

Home mwayi wa munthu - akuyenda woongoka. Inasanduka zotheka chifukwa kusintha ofunika chitetezo cha thandizo ndi kayendedwe, womwenso mafupa ndi minofu. m'madipatimenti zake zonse zabwino zinchito anatengera udindo ofukula za thupi. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti amasulidwe nthambi chapamwamba nawo kayendedwe ka thupi ndi kulolerana zake zosiyanasiyana zolimbitsa thupi: posungira ndi mpheto yeniyeni zinthu ndi zida, kukhazikitsa zochita mwangwiro anthu. Zitsanzo Chitsanzo cha iwo ali ndi luso kulemba, kusewera zoimbira, utoto, kusoka, kulukana, ndi zina zotero D..

M'nkhaniyi tiona mbali ya kapangidwe ka lamba wa miyendo chapamwamba, womwenso tsamba ndi phewa. Ali, zomwe amatha kuchita izo amachita ntchito ka chitetezo minofu ndi mafupa a munthu?

Malo clavicle mu mafupa a anthu

Bone, gawo la lamba wa nthambi chapamwamba chikugwirizana ndi sternum kudzera sternoclavicular olowa. Mbali lateral wa clavicle kugwirizana ndi tsamba phewa - acromion. Pa nthawi imeneyi, fupa ali ndi vuto, akhakula pamwamba pa kuphatikana cholimba phewa minofu mitsempha zida ntchito dongosolo. Kuthana bwino ndi mfundo zimenezi phewa, taganizirani kapangidwe ka munthu wa masamba a dongosolo minofu ndi mafupa - chapamwamba nthambi lamba.

Clavicle monga gawo la chapamwamba nthambi lamba

Kuti mudzikonzere mafupa unali olumikizidwa ndi mbali zina za thupi, mu mafupa anthu ali ndi dipatimenti wapadera, wopangidwa mwa mafupa wophatikizidwa - triangular tsamba ndi phewa. Monga mbali ya thupi lake phewa lamba, kuphatikizapo clavicle ndi kale inakhala, popeza kuti anthu a ku superclass Pisces. Bwino ndithu yapangidwa nyama kuti ntchito forelimbs awo m'kati akundigwira nyama kapena gulu brachiation njira (mwachitsanzo, gibbons). Tiganizire moposera, kumene phewa ndipo izi mbali ya thupi. Iwo ali mawonekedwe a Latin zilembo S, chikugwirizana mbali mkati mwa sternum, ndi kunja - fosholo, mphamvu malo awa anatsindika mfundo Mitsemphayi.

Pa nthawi ya kayendedwe ofukula za fupa phewa imazungulira ngati nguli ngati zikuluzikulu keyhole ndi, choncho dzina - pa phewa. akayimanso pa ntchito zake mu thupi.

Ntchito ya mafupa a nthambi chapamwamba mu dongosolo lamba thandizo ndi magalimoto

Poyamba, ife apeza mu mafupa a anthu, kumene phewa. Anatomically, izo chikugwirizana ndi tsamba ndi breastbone, kupereka chithandizo imene n'kuti humerus. Kapangidwe ka chotero pawiri-ndalezo kumawonjezera bwino matalikidwe kayendedwe manja. The clavicle akutumikira monga malo osonkhaniranapo ndi kanthu makina a malekezero pamwamba pa chifuwa ndi msana. Kuti izo zaikidwa ena minofu zofunika kuti kusewera onse udindo malo amodzi ndi zazikulu. Matenda a clavicle, ndi ntchito zimene zili chibadidwe, chifukwa dongosolo makamaka mkati. Ife tione iwo mwatsatanetsatane.

Histogenesis fupa

Mu nthawi chitukuko embryonic a wosanjikiza embryonic anapanga mitundu selo sekondale monga fibroblasts, chondroblasts ndi osteoblasts. Za kukhala ndi zina minofu n'kupanga ngati ziwalo za dongosolo minofu ndi mafupa, monga connective, chichereŵechereŵe ndi fupa. Kuti muyankhe funso ili: kodi phewa mawu a dongosolo mkati, kumbukirani kuti pali mafupa amene amatchedwa wosanganiza mu mafupa a anthu. Iwo aumbike mwa zinthu ndi ochokera m'madera. Mwachitsanzo, clavicle ndi aumbike mwa gawo kwa minofu connective, osteogenesis opatsirana popanda mapangidwe chichereŵechereŵe, mu gawo chifukwa cha chondrocytes, zomwe kuzindikira ndondomeko ya ossification.

Amene minofu amagwira ndi lamba wa miyendo chapamwamba

thupi lonse akutsatiridwa mu yatsopano mafupa khama la mafupa ndi minofu, Mitsemphayi kuwakonda. Kotero, kuti anayambitsa nthambi chapamwamba pa olowa phewa, minofu deltoid yafupika. Tiyeni tikumbukire kumene phewa munthu ndi kudziwa ntchito ka gulu manja. Ndi m'mphepete pamwamba ndipo kutsogolo kwa fupa, gawo la lamba wa miyendo chapamwamba, Ufumuyo deltoid. M'mphepete kumbuyo kwa clavicle ntchito trapezoidal ndi conical trapezoid Mitsemphayi agwirizane ndi minofu sternocleidomastoid.

The woyamba statically nayo kumbuyo chapamwamba mu malo olungama, wachiwiri amapereka chiwaya ndi kuweramira mutu ndi angatengere mbali pa kayendetsedwe ka kupuma.

Kodi mapangidwe a clavicle mu embryogenesis

Kuti timvetse bwino zimene phewa, ganizirani njira ya bookmarks fupa. Mapangidwe mafupa mu Ndisanaumbidwe ikuyamba ndi masabata 5-6 chitukuko yoopsa, ndipo ndiyo njira ya ossification. Ndipo fupa koyamba kuti aumbike mwa osteogenesis - ndi phewa. Iye udzakhala otsiriza athanzi, amene ossification amatenga zaka 21 moyo. maonekedwe ake akuyamba ndi yogwirizanitsa yachiwiri wosanjikiza germinal khungu mu gulu kugwirizana ndi anatomically capillaries wosabadwayo.

Kudulidwa ndi zosiyanasiyana maselo chachikulu mesenchymal umatha ndi maonekedwe a ulusi wopangidwa fibroblasts. Ndiye iwo kudziunjikira mu zikuchokera awo kollagenopodobnoe mankhwala - osseomukoid ndi kutenga maonekedwe a ulusi. Owazungulira pali osteoblasts - maselo yaikulu ya minofu fupa wayamba kubala mchere. zingwe fibrous impregnated ndi mchere, kutaya elasticity ndi kukhala okhwima. Anapanga maselo okhwima fupa ndi capillaries ozungulira mbale fupa, ndi mawonekedwe a mphete concentric ndi zonenepa. Wosanjikiza kunja kwa fibroblasts kusandulika mu periosteum kuphimba phewa.

Kudwala mafupa a chapamwamba nthambi lamba

Tathandauzira zimene phewa ndi mmene amapangidwa pa chitukuko embryonic wa munthu. The anomalies zimachitika chifukwa clavicles kusokonezeka osteogenesis mu Ndisanaumbidwe ndi anachititsa chibadwa chimene chingawapangitse kukhala zidakwa.

Choncho, hypoplasia, amene ali ndi zizindikiro za underdevelopment kapena pakalibe clavicle mu zikuchokera chapamwamba nthambi lamba, chilemacho chifukwa losokonekera ili mu autosomes ndipo mu boma lalikulu. Chotero kusokonezeka mantha clavicular dysostosis kuvutika kuwonetseredwa zigawo nkhope ndi cranial ndi limodzi mwa masamba pathological sayenda ndi clavicles, ndi dislocations mu olowa acromioclavicular. Nthawi zambiri, chapamwamba nthambi lamba kudwala analembedwa pamodzi ndi matenda ena mu dongosolo mafupa, monga Goltz syndrome kuvutika mu dentition chitukuko, owonjezera melanin kaphatikizidwe ndi zotupa trophic pamodzi hypoplasia wa clavicles lapansi.

M'nkhaniyi takambirana dongosolo, ntchito ndi zotheka kudwala wa clavicle, ndilo gawo la lamba wa nthambi kumtunda kwa mafupa a anthu.