Mapulaniwo maselo - ndichiyani? mmene pa thupi

Pa tsiku losaiwalika chilimwe 1909, pamene Russian histologist Alexander Maksimov anayambitsa mawu akuti "mapulaniwo maselo" sindileka kutsutsana za iwo. Asayansi chaka zinsinsi zawo, kuti amapanga masamu latsopano.

Choncho sstvolovye maselo. Kodi izo - ndi limathetseratu vuto lina lililonse chifukwa mavuto onse kapena chinyengo chachikulu cha maganizo abwino mu sayansi mankhwala? Zimene Animal bwanji kuti ntchito maselo amenewa chozizwitsa akhoza kuchiza zotupa zilonda, kutukusira mu malo, chiwindi matenda, mtima ndi m'mimba. List Mizinda Russia, kumene kugwiritsa ntchito njira mwapang'onopang'ono, kudzadza ndi Orenburg. Tsinde maselo pano ankagwiritsa ntchito pa matenda a mafupa. Koma pali asayansi amene mosamala kwambiri anafotokoza za ntchito ya maselo tsinde pa mlingo panopa chidziwitso cha zotsatira zawo pa thupi ndi kupereka iwo kuchitira okhawo amene alibe mwayi wina kuti apulumutse moyo wake.

Mapulaniwo maselo: icho chiri

Kale ana kudziwa kuti zamoyo, kaya munthu, nyama kapena chomera, likukhalira pambuyo pophatikizana maselo mwamuna ndi mkazi nyongolosi. Chifukwa, zygote ndi aumbike. Mlatho diploid ndi akonzedwa zonse DNA ndi kuti pakhale maselo mwamtheradi iliyonse. mawu More yosavuta zygote - wapadera chilengedwe umene mosadziwika yaitali njira sayansi zonse zili mbali ya matupi amoyo. Zikuonekeratu kuti zygote pakuti ichi kupanga nyumba zambiri selo ziwalo zonse zokwanira. Mu nyama, iwo amayamba kugawanitsa tsiku pambuyo mapangidwe ake. Chifukwa ndi zazing'ono 2 "Mwana-zigotki" 100% zofanana kwa awo "mayi zygote". Pambuyo wina theka tsiku "Mwana" kachiwiri m'magulumagulu awiri, kupanga kale 4 mapasa - "mdzukulu". Pakutha tsiku 5 ndi 30 za maselo Ndisanaumbidwe ndi makope lenileni la zygote pachiyambi, ndi kokha kangapo zosakwana kukula kwake. Iwo akutchedwa blastomeres. Pa nthawi imeneyi, DNA ndi mapuloteni mu mwachangu apanga, koma jini sanayambebe adamulowetsa, ndipo mu mtima wa galamafoniyo si anachita, ndiko kuti, iwo akali mwana. Tikukhulupirira, takhutira kwambiri anafotokoza, maselo tsinde, icho chiri. Akukokomeza, mukhoza kuwatcha chabe mayeso, ndipo kuti adzakhala kuumba zachilengedwe, mikono, miyendo kapena mtima ndi chiwindi, palibe aliyense akudziwa. Tsinde maselo pano mu thupi, osati mu magawo koyamba chitukuko, komanso pamene ziwalo zonse kale kwathunthu kutenga mawonekedwe, mpaka mapeto a moyo. Ali ofunikira kwa minofu kukonza pambuyo choipa, zokha maselo tsinde achikulire pafupifupi 50 nthawi poyerekeza wa wamng'ono. Onsewo ali ndi katundu awiri - luso kudzimvera adzikonzenso ndi kusiyanitsa popanda luso Maselo apadera kwambiri.

maselo tsinde Embryonic, icho chiri

Chidule ngati iwo amatchedwa Esc. Iwo, monga tatchulazi, anapanga kwa mwana wosabadwayo zygote ndi kupanga misa ma pa gawo loyamba kwambiri moyo wake. Onsewo ali pluripotent, kutanthauza iwo akhoza kukhala selo iliyonse m'thupi. Mbali yofunika ya Esc ndi kuti sali koma kubala antigens kuti ali ndi udindo ngakhale minofu. Aliyense wa ife ali ndi akonzedwa munthu wa antigens, imbaenda sanali kuzindikira maselo mwiniwake wa tsinde la chitetezo cha m'thupi la munthu amene ali kutumikiridwa. Popeza ESCs vutoli ndi kochepa, kotero akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito pa njira achire, mwachitsanzo, kuchitira mfundo mapulaniwo maselo. Komabe, mbewa experimental immunosuppressed amene kuziika Esc anati maonekedwe a zotupa zilonda. Choncho, yankho lenileni, zomwe zimachitika ku kachitidwe thupi pambuyo kumayambiriro ziwalo zake Esc, panobe. The sangathe chachiwiri maselo tsinde embryonic kuti mwana wosabadwayo ndi kuphedwa pambuyo kuchotsa awo, choncho zinthu autologous sungagulire okha mwiniwake.

maselo tsinde yoopsa, kapena CSF

Nkhanizi ndi kuwapeza mbali yoopsa pambuyo mimba ngati mwana wosabadwayo si masabata oposa 12. Pa nthawi iyi ya maselo tsinde pachiyambi, kapena blastomeres kale anaganiza tsogolo lawo mtsogolo ndi anayamba kudziwika. Ndiko kuti, iwo kale nambala inayake kugawikana. Mbali wachiwiri ndi ku FGC simungathe kupanga iliyonse ya maselo chofunika, chinthu chimodzi chokha, mwachitsanzo, minofu ziwalo ya ubongo, kapena mtima kapena osteochondral. Izi awo mwayi waukulu, chifukwa madokotala ali ndi njira zambiri cholinga amazigwiritsa ntchito ndi kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matendawo. Bukuli lili ndi mfundo izi Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala a arthrosis ndi maselo tsinde. Mu Russia, njira imeneyi gawo la kuyezetsa chikuchitika, monga FSK ndi zina zabwino. Anaganiza kuti maselo yoopsa kale kukhala chiwindi mavairasi, AIDS, Mycoplasma, ndi ena. Choncho, zinthu ayenera ukafunidwe kwa anthu a kafukufuku mtengo zina ndi yokonza zipangizo zina zapadera. The vuto lina pogwiritsa ntchito njirazi ndi funso malamulo kuti nthawi zonse anagwirizana.

maselo tsinde Postnatal, kapena PUK

Lingaliro la "postnatal" amatanthauza "atabadwa", ndiye mu moyo wa munthu. Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti nthawi imeneyi palibe khalidwe maselo tsinde, koma iwo ali, ngakhale okalamba, koma ndi otsika potency (kuthekera). Koma iwo akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi dzuwa okwera kuti mupulumuke, kuyambira CPM ndi autologous, osati kutero. Kumutenga monga maziko, tinayamba mankhwala ndi maselo tsinde mu Orenburg ndi zipatala zina amachita mankhwala amenewa. Iwo kwagona kuti puncture mtima wachotsedwa mafupa ndi maselo zake tsinde zasayansi mu apparatuses wapadera yambitsa iwo mwakula ndi chiwerengero chofunika ndi reintroduced mu khamu lawo. maselo a thupi tsinde lake akuuzidwa kuti kuwonongeka limba, amene ayambe kuchira. Mavuto mu njira ziwiri:

1. Never Sizikudziwika chitetezo cha m'thupi adzataya maselo kwawo tsinde kapena zizindikiro.

2. Palibe amene amadziwa zimene zikuchitika maselo tsinde yotengedwa chilengedwe chawo bwino (mafupa), ndi momwe iwo kusintha pa kukula zasayansi.

Pazifukwa izi, sitinalandire anapatsidwa 100% ukutitsimikizira asayansi amene adaperekeza zatsopano pa odwala nyamakazi ya CPM kupatsidwa zina mumzinda ngati Orenburg. maselo tsinde, maganizo awo, ndi yojambula wosangalatsa mankhwala, koma ngakhale iwo sazindikira mokwanira kuphunzira.

Mitundu ya maselo postnatal

Tidapeza kuti ESCs onse wachilengedwe chonse, ndiko, akanakhoza kukhala chirichonse. FGC ndi kutchula koma angagwiritsidwe ntchito kulenga ziwalo zosiyana mu dongosolo lonse Mwachitsanzo, mu mantha. A PUK ndi zazing'ono setifiketi, kuti ndi kusiyanitsidwa kwambiri. Ena mwa iwo ngati mitundu ya maselo :

- hematopoietic, kapena GSK;

-multipotentnye mesenchymal stromal kapena MMSC;

- minofu pokha;

- maselo kwa magazi umbilical chingwe.

GSK kuwapeza lymphocytes onse, maselo ofiira, maselo othandiza magazi kuundana ndi maselo ena magazi.

Udindo wa minofu kholo yeniyeni (yapitayi) maselo m'malo mwa ochiritsira maselo limba minofu, pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, anamwalira. zimasiyanitsa Mbali awo - ndi mosamalitsa atathana chiwerengero cha magawano, kotero kuti si nthawi zonse ikukhudzana bwanji ndi maselo tsinde woona.

Kutheka kwa mankhwala si opaleshoni zimfundo

Anapeza kuti ITCs chifukwa kugawikana zina kukhala osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes. Zofufuza umenewu traumatologist orthopaedist ulemerero Russian mzinda wa Orenburg. Mankhwala a nyamakazi maselo MMSC iwo wodwala yemwe sankakhoza kuyenda, akuluakulu mafupa awo anawonongedwa. maselo tsinde unatengedwa kuchokera minofu adipose wa odwalawo, ndiye nkhani pansi wosabala anaikidwa malo apadera, kumene masabata awiri wamkulu mtundu anakhumba selo. Pamaso kukhazikitsa chiphunzitso chifukwa cha odwala ake mosamala anayesedwa pamaso pa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana. Pakali pano, onse amene anadutsa zimenezi, akuona bwino, ndi zizindikiro za nyamakazi kuti utachepa kwambiri. Koma, madokotala kunena, pamaso mfundo yomaliza adakali momwe m'pofunika kuchita mayesero zina zimene anthu anali kuyesedwa odwala pasanathe zaka ziwiri. Padakali pano Russia yoyamba bwino kuyesera, ntchito ikuchitika tinganene kuti Orenburg. Tsinde maselo arthrosis, nyamakazi, ndi matenda ena hemarthrosis (ngati anatsimikizira zotsatira zabwino) zidzakhala "kuona" anthu opanda unsembe wa mtengo ndi umapulumuka bwino endoprosthesis zimene kuthetsa odwala ku ntchito zovuta ndi zovuta. Mbali ina ya ntchito ITCs - zosiyanasiyana awo mu myocytes kumanganso minofu minofu.

magazi chingwe

Malinga ndi kafukufuku, anthu oposa theka la anthu padziko lonse mu digiri imodzi kapena matenda wina anakantha olowa arthrosis. Tsinde maselo MMSC, mwina zikwi za anthu adzakupatsani chimwemwe sabweretsa chisoni zosavuta kayendedwe, ambiri a iwo adzabwerera ntchito. Landirani ITCs sangokhala kokha fupa ndi minofu adipose, komanso magazi umbilical chingwe. mpanda wake umatulutsa atabadwa ndi umbilical chingwe ligation. Nkhani chifukwa analandira pafupifupi 80 ml. Makamaka mkulu achire zotsatira amapereka kumezanitsa, womwenso ichitikire magazi chingwe ndi mafupa. Kuwonjezera nyamakazi, malinga ndi madokotala, magazi awa ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa matenda oposa 70, kuphatikizapo khansa. Mkulu ziyembekezo ofufuza pa ntchito magazi umbilical chingwe thandizo wothandiza mu njira zina za matenda osachiritsika ana Mwachitsanzo, khansa, sarcoma, khansa ya ubongo. Amene anachita izi khalidwe la maselo amachokera kwa magazi umbilical chingwe pamene kutumikiridwa odwala akuchita misala, manjenje, matenda oziziritsa Parkinson ndi Alzheimer. Nkhanizi Akusonkhanitsa ndi kusungidwa mu mabanki magazi. Iwo boma ndi ena.

chomera maselo tsinde

zomera zonse, chifukwa ali machitidwe multicellular komanso ndi maselo tsinde, amene anaikira mu callus, mu mbande, mu impso, mu zanthete. maphunziro anali kuchitidwa ginseng, edelweiss, duwa, gardenia, ndi zomera zina. Koma zotsatira zabwino anasonyeza maselo tsinde kapena mphesa wofiira Amur. Mu nthambi Far East ya Russian Academy of Sciences anapeza kuti amathandiza kuchiza matenda a chiwindi, ndi asayansi ku Crimea anakhazikitsa mbewu, makamaka mphesa, mapulaniwo maselo angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa matenda a khansa. ndi chidwi chachikulu resveratrol chinthu, poyamba anapeza mu French vinyo wofiira, ndiyeno azipezeka mu maselo mphesa tsinde. Ndi patsogolo chida mu nkhondo achinyamata wa khungu ndi thupi. Kupezeka anali kuwagwiritsa ntchito ndiAmene wa wotsutsa-kukalamba kirimu "Libriderm". Tsinde maselo kuwapeza mphesa osati zimathandiza kuti makwinya ndi sagging khungu kuchotsedwa, koma chachikulu moisturize, kupanga zofewa, waulemu, kutetezedwa. Akazi amene ayesa "Libriderm" kumasulidwa iye ubwino amenewa:

- kapangidwe wosakhwima;

- izo mosavuta ntchito pa thupi;

- sayambitsa thupi lawo siligwirizana;

- izo moisturizes khungu pafupifupi tsiku lonse;

- relieves mkwiyo.

Ine sanagwirizane nazo mu zonona, mtengo komanso kusowa zapitazi mwezi ntchito rejuvenation kwambiri.

Medicine ku maselo tsinde ndi manja awo

Akukhulupirira kuti mapulaniwo maselo otengedwa zomera, ndi zochepa oopsa kuposa anthu otengedwa anthu kapena nyama, monga iwo ndi mfundo zochepa majini ndi alibe wamphamvu, ndipo ambiri Chofunika, zotsatira sizimadziwika. Komabe, iwo makamaka pamene kutumikiridwa jekeseni, angathe kuyambitsa zotsatira osafunika. Koma ntchito kunja, monga wantchito wa Moscow State University. E. Rodimin University, ndi kokha zabwino. Ngakhale amapereka Chinsinsi kupanga pa kirimu kunyumba, maselo tsinde umene udzakwaniritsa ntchito kusintha mkhalidwe khungu la nkhope.

The zopangira kungakhale masamba ndi zanthete za mphesa, koma ndi bwino kudula mpesa cuttings kuonjezera callus awo. Pakuti sprig izi anaika m'madzi kwa tsiku kapena awiri kenako kuchotsedwa, atakulungidwa mu nsalu wasambitsa ndi madzi (likupezeka mu pepala chonyowa), ndiye mu thumba pulasitiki ndipo anaikidwa malo otentha. Callus anaonekera kwa anapambulwa, wouma ndi pogaya. Komanso zithunzi supuni (chodyera) kutsanulira mulu (100g) mowa wamphamvu ndi kumva kwa masiku 7. Masamba ndi mphukira wa mphesa anafunika anagona mu chidebe ndi kutsanulira mowa wamphamvu, nayenso. The kulowetsedwa chifukwa kuwonjezera yomalizidwa sanali aliwonse kirimu Mwachitsanzo, aloe vera ndi kusakaniza bwinobwino. Kutenga njira akhoza kukhala mkati ndi kuwonjezera madontho ochepa teas, timadziti.

akatswiri Reviews

Ikulu chisangalalo anachititsa maselo tsinde lonse. Reviews madokotala za ntchito maganizo kwambiri.

Phindu:

-uchenye Harvard anatulukira njira yopangira anachititsa pluripotent SC, amene kuganizira makhalidwe munthu wa zamoyo;

- ofufuza Japanese ku UK ndakalamba, umuna mbewa umakakumana ndi kupeza mwana wathanzi;

- mu Kyoto Institute of CK anakweza gametes minofu, impso ndi zopangitsa adrenal;

- pa University of Maastricht analenga SC ng'ombe nyama zisanawonongeke.

zotsatira zoipa:

- Independent asayansi anafufuza USA ndi Spain anapeza kuti Esc ndi CPM ndi yaitali kukhala kumalo awo asanakhale anadzetsa thupi wodwalayo kupangitsa zotupa zilonda;

- asayansi Chidanishi apeza kuti pambuyo 60 magawano mu UK amayamba kutulutsa telomerase, kutembenuza maselo amenewa mu maselo a khansa;

- German pulofesa Anawaonera kuonetsetsa kuti chithandizo maselo tsinde mwamuna potency - ndi quackery, popeza palibe kuyesera wasonyeza palibe chotsatira.

Kutsiliza: maselo tsinde la zasungidwa mazana a zinsinsi, ndipo komabe iwo ankachitira mofananira kuti magazi pamaso anatulukira kuti iye ali magulu angapo. Posacedwapa, mwina mapulaniwo maselo adzakhala zamatsenga kuchiza "wa onse." Kuti zimenezi zitheke, ndi ntchito ndi asayansi padziko lonse.