Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo lamba anthu chapamwamba nthambi

Minofu ndi mafupa dongosolo la thupi - ndi chozizwitsa cha chilengedwe. Iwo amathandiza ziwalo zonse za thupi pamalo pomwe, kuteteza ziwalo zofunika kwambiri ndipo amapereka sayenda chodabwitsa thupi lonse. Lamba wa malekezero chapamwamba ndi udindo mikono ogwiritsa kwa ofananira mafupa.

Kapangidwe ka masamba ndi clavicles

Zikuchokera chapamwamba nthambi lamba ikukhudza kamangidwe ka masamba awiri, clavicles awiri ndi chigoba nthambi payokha. Kuti zone ya nthambi chapamwamba amalenga mawonekedwe mapewa anthu. Manja kumumanga masamba thunthu ndi clavicles kuti apange lamba wa malekezero chapamwamba. masamba imakonzedwa pamwamba pa nsana, ndi mawonekedwe triangular, amanga kwa msana ndi nthiti kudzera musculature. Tsamba ndi wophatikizidwa ndi clavicle, phewa ndi olumikizidwa kwa sternum ndi nthiti. Clavicle ali ndi fupa yokhota kumapeto, anakafika pakati pa sternum ndi akunja tsamba njingayo.

Mafupa lamba chapamwamba nthambi inamangidwa ku mbali zotsatirazi:

• 2 clavicles;
• 2 tsamba;
• humerus;
• zozungulira fupa;
• mikono
• dzanja;
• metacarpal mafupa;
• phalanges.

chapamwamba nthambi lamba ntchito

The Ntchito yaikulu anachita ndi lamba wa nthambi anthu chapamwamba - kulenga amphamvu ndi agile thandizo manja. Mosiyana ndi lamba m'chiuno, si sankalimbana nafe olumikizidwa kwa mafupa ofananira. Mafupa waukulu chapamwamba nthambi lamba: clavicle, imene imagwiritsidwa ntchito breastbone zonse olowa ndi scapula amagwirizana ndi mafupa a thupi ndi minofu wamphamvu. Chifukwa, mapewa ndi kukhala wochitachita mu gulu la manja, kuwonjezeka matalikidwe ndipo potero Mwachangu ntchito.

Mafupa a lamba chapamwamba × miyendo anthu ndi dongosolo ngati mafupa a inakhala, ndipo wapangidwa m'madipatimenti 3 - phewa, mkono ndi dzanja. Minofu kugwirizana ndi lamba ili, kulimbikitsa phewa olowa ndi udindo kwambiri kayendedwe ka manja. Nkhafi ndikupita - lonse mbale monga kansalu ili kuseri kwa thorax ndi gawo lomaliza la chapamwamba nthambi lamba. Ili ndi tayala phewa olowa M'mimbamo limene mutu wa humerus lapansi. Phewa olowa zimakhalanso wosakhazikika, lili osiyanasiyana pazipita zoyenda, koma atengeke sprains ndi kuvulala ena.

Mafupa waukulu manja

humerus The ukufanizidwa mu mawonekedwe a yaitali tubular fupa lamba wa miyendo chapamwamba, ali yomatidwa izo awiri ulna mwachilungamo yaitali ndi utali wozungulira. Humerus ndipamene chigongono ndi mafupa awiri, ndi burashi ndi chikugwirizana ndi mmodzi yekha wa iwo - wa dzanja olowa. Ulna ili mkati. mafupa onse manja olumikiza mnzake mu malo.

The akuluakulu ndi:

• phewa;
• dzanja;
• ulna.

Zimfundo ndi yosiyanasiyana zoyenda, yogwira zoyendayenda, zomwe zachititsa kuti kusintha kwa forelimb, manja ie, m'kupita kwa kusanduka mu ulamuliro ntchito. Ulnar fupa ndi cheza khola humerus, motero, yesa kuyenda. Ngakhale mphamvu lotanthauza wanu. Malinga ndi kapangidwe wa dzanja mafupa ndi phazi ofanana kwambiri. Chachikulu kusiyana pakati pawo - chipangizo burashi, imene chala chachikulu ndi wosiyana ena, ndi kulola dzanja lake kuti amvetse kayendedwe. Pakati pa dzanja ndi metacarpal fupa la chala choyamba - yekha chishalo olowa m'thupi la munthu, imene gululi ndi womasuka kwambiri kuposa m'munsi mwa chala choyamba.

Kapangidwe ka chigongono olowa

Lamba chapamwamba nthambi kumaphatikizapo chigongono olowa, chomwe ndi mbali ziwiri: a trochlear ndi ozungulira. The protrusion woyamba zikugwirizana ndi humerus ulnar mphako, komanso amatipatsa kayendedwe flexor-extensor ndi manja ake. gawo ozungulira zikugwirizana mutu humeral ndi cheza fossa. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti kupotoza mkono. Ambiri olowa mokwanira khola chifukwa pamwamba waukulu wa mankhwala mwakhama ndi Mitsemphayi. Utali wozungulira - ndi mkono chachikulu. Ndipamene limodzi ndi polumikizira. The ulna pamodzi ndi mtengo pachilengedwe chigongono.

Kapangidwe ka olowa phewa

chapamwamba nthambi lamba zikuphatikizapo phewa olowa. Phewa mpira olowa ya mafoni ambiri mu thupi la munthu. Ndi pafupifupi lathyathyathya chigwa pa tsamba ili linanena ndi mutu hemispherical wa humerus lapansi. chipangizo Izi zimathandiza ulere atembenuza mkono mbali zonse. Bone pafupifupi tembenuzani, mpaka, pansi. Mu kuyenda umenewu ndi kuipa kwake, chifukwa chakuti ubale mphamvu yafupika, mu sprains izi olowa amayambira. Olowa yachiwiri aumbike scapula ndi clavicle. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika sprain pamene kugwa pa dzanja lotambasula kapena kugunda kutsogolo kwa phewa.

dzanja

Mbali imeneyi ya dzanja ali ndi dongosolo m'malo zovuta. The burashi tichipeza 3 magawano, amene nawonso, ndi 27 mafupa. Pa mtima wa kanjedza ndi 5 metacarpals ndi 8 carpal mafupa. Mafupa a zala okha amapanga phalanges 14, 2 mafupa chala ndi 3 - mwa aliyense wa anayi. Dzanja ali ndi dongosolo apadera kwambiri. Makanda, iwo amadziwika pang'onopang'ono yekha kupangidwa, iwo adzakhala bwino looneka kokha kwa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, ndi ossification awo anamaliza patapita nthawi yaitali, pafupifupi zaka 10-13. Yemweyo nthawi malekezero ndi ossification phalanges.

Mitsemphayi ndi minofu ya chapamwamba nthambi lamba

Popeza olowa phewa ndi mafoni mokwanira, ndi lamba phewa ndi sankalimbana nafe Ufumuyo mafupa ofananira, chapamwamba nthambi lamba minofu ndi ntchito yeniyeni. Minofu kulumikiza dzanja ndi thupi ndipo ali absorbers mantha. Minofu deltoid ndi lalikulu ndi wamphamvu phewa zikugwirizana ndi scapula ndi humerus. Ndi kuyamika auka iye manja ndi ukusunthira patsogolo ndipo m'mbuyo.

Rotator khafu tichipeza minofu ang'onoang'ono anayi:

• infraspinatus;
• supraspinatus;
• laling'ono lozungulira;
• subscapularis.

Iwo kulamulira kasinthasintha wa manja ndi kulimbikitsa phewa olowa.

Minofu maziko a chapamwamba nthambi lamba

Nthambi kumtunda ali awiri minofu lalikulu lomwe kukongola ndi triceps, zomwe ndi awiri muzikangana, ngati wina yafupika, winayo pansi. Kukongola, kapena kukongola amachokera masamba kwa utali wozungulira wa. Ngati kwambiri pindani mkono, zikhoza kukhala kafukufuku wabwino. Triceps, triceps ndi minofu phewa, phewa tsamba zikugwirizana ndi ulna lapansi. Iye si choncho noticeable, koma kukongola yokulirapo. Komabe, zinthu monga gulu limodzi minofu. Mwachitsanzo, pamene kukweza ndi mkono adzafupikitsidwa kukongola - minofu kuti imakoka mkono umodzi. Imodzi anatambasula ndi triceps, extensor minofu, zomwe zimathandiza kuti adzathe limbitsani mkono.

Extensors ndi flexors

kayendedwe zovuta kwa dzanja ndi dzanja Amawapatsa ntchito kwakukulukulu yolongosoka za kuchuluka kwa minofu mkono m'kupita. Iwo flexors ndi extensors. Flexors kubweretsa dzanja lake mkono wake ndi Finyani zala zanu. Iwo ali mkati mwa mkono. Extensor limbitsani dzanja ndi zala, kuwabweretsa iwo ku malo mkono. Kuti unclench dzanja lake ndi kutenga izo nkhani kumafuna ntchito yolongosoka 35 wa mkono ndi dzanja minofu. Komanso, minofu ya mkono wa anapanduka burashi anachoka ndi ufulu, atembenuza izo, kutembenuzira kanjedza ndi dzanja ndi zala chili mu malo. kayendedwe wochenjera chala akulamuliridwa ndi minofu zawo mafupa anakafika ku mafupa a polumikizira m'munsi mwa phalanx choyamba. Ntchito otsala phalanges anapereka tendons lalitali la flexor ndi extensor minofu ili mkono wa.

Age ndi fupa okalamba kupewa

Lamba anthu chapamwamba nthambi akufunika kupewa odana ndi ukalamba. Ndi zaka, utachepa mafupa olimba ndi kuchuluka chiopsezo fractures. Age okhudza imfa fupa pafupifupi sizingasinthe, koma iwo ndipo ayenera kupewa kapena zayamba mosachedwa. Overstrain minofu ya mapewa ndi kumbuyo ana amakumana ndi chikhalidwe zopweteka kwambiri. Anthu amacheza tsiku lonse pa kompyuta ndi desiki, nthawi zambiri slouch kapena hunched kaimidwe. Choncho stiffness zonse minofu yomangika ndipo anatambasula minofu ya mapewa ndi kumbuyo, amene agonjetsa zikamera wa mfundo chowawa minofu ndi mavuto mutu.

M'pofunika kulimbikitsa lamba wa malekezero chapamwamba, ndicho minofu ya mapewa ndi kumbuyo, kudzera Zochita kuti kuwongoka chifuwa ndi kutsitsa minofu ndi Mitsemphayi. mfundo zothandiza kwambiri ndi kuswana wa mapewa, komanso kulimbana. maphunziro thupi relieves ululu, kumalimbitsa minofu ndi mafupa, bwino kusinthasintha kwa thupi, motero zoyendayenda, ndi munthu wamphamvu.