Chiyambi cha wamakono mu Russia m'nthawi ya 20 ndi zochititsa

Kamodzi Russia serfdom linathetsedwa, pali prerequisites zonse wamakono ndi kukula mofulumira zachuma. Kumapeto kwa XIX - oyambirira XX m'ma m'dziko panali mafakitale. Iye anaika Russia pa ndime ndi chuma zotsogola a dziko (England, USA, France ndi Germany).

Development wa njanji

Chimodzi mwa zizindikiro chofunika kwambiri kutukula boma pa nthawi imeneyo kunali chitukuko cha njanji. The kukulitsa la Russia mu zaka za m'ma 20, lagona mu maonekedwe a zilipo maukonde zoyendera.

The njanji yoyamba inatuluka mu dziko likupitirirabe Nicholas I (ku Moscow ku St. Petersburg). Kumayambiriro XX m'ma chitsulo msewu - amtengo pamalo abwino ofunika. A maukonde bwino anayamba anachita ophimba pa katundu ndi dziko lalikulu ndi mtengo kwambiri ndi zosavuta.

Chiyambi cha wamakono mu Russia m'zaka za m'ma 20 anasiya za 3 zikwi mtunda wa njanji. No dziko paziyangoyango za dziko silinali champhamvu. Kuchuluka kwa katundu nazo zaka zochepa chabe kuchokera nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Alexander II chinawonjezeka ndi nthawi 4.

Kodi kwenikweni anapereka yomanga tima wa njanji? Iwo anatsegula kwa makampani ndi malonda misika yatsopano mkati mwa Russia. Mu ambiri a zigawo akuzigawo ndi ogontha waukulu chuma ambiri akuyembekezera mbuye wake. Kumanga fakitale kutali bwino anayamba zoyendera zomangamanga sakanakwanitsa bizinesi iliyonse. Ngati Baibulo silinena kuti kampani umapulumuka pa ang'onoang'ono lalikulu, choncho ntchito patsikulo.

Mkubwela ya sitima ku chiyambi cha wamakono wa Russia m'nthawi ya 20 kuti amamuonera mofulumira zolimira. zolowa Economic pakati pa zigawo chakula kwambiri, ndipo entrepreneurship - ubiquitous. Iwo catapulted zigawo ambiri osiyana a anthu - kuchokera olemekezeka ophunzira kuti alimi wolimbikira ntchito amene anasiya deralo.

Trans-Siberia Railway

Mu 1891 izo anapezerapo wodabwitsa pa nthawi ya polojekiti Russia. Zinali pomanga Great njira Siberia, kapena Trans-Siberia Railway. Njanji yaitali mu dziko kulumikiza kum'mawa kwambiri dziko ndi chigawo chapakati. Pa mwambo wa atagona chigawo choyamba chinali wolowa ku Mpandowachifumu Nikolay Aleksandrovich, amene yagoletsa woyamba wilibala dziko. Patapita zaka khumi, njira adatsekedwa, ndipo posachedwapa anapita kuphunzitsa. Kwa nthawi yoyamba anthu kulongosola kapena Bwato kufika Atlantic gombe la Europe ndi Pacific Rim Russia. Pafupifupi m'chaka 642 anamanga mtunda wa njira yatsopano.

Mkubwela kwa Trans Russian wamakono zachuma m'zaka za m'ma 20, izo amamuonera wozungulira latsopano. Tsopano anthu a dziko anali njira zonse za chitukuko cha Siberia lalikulu. Stolypin kusintha agrarian walola alimi kukhazikika pa m'mayiko ena ndi kulandira yopuma msonkho kulenga chuma chanu. The njanji komanso akamasuke njira ku Ulaya m'zigawo Far East.

zikulumikizana Economic pakati pa zigawo

Features wa wamakono Russia mu zaka za m'ma 20, kugona chakuti ndi zikamera wa wamphamvu ndi wolimba asapita malonda pakati pa zigawo kutali ndi mphamvu yatsopano chinayamba makampani. Ngakhale ndekha nditagona Trans chofunika chuma yaikulu, kupanga amene tikugwira bizinesi payekha. Awa anali: zitsulo, sitima sleepers kukolola, processing nkhuni, makampani mankhwala, kupanga mafuta sitima nthunzi (migodi ya malasha, mafuta kuyenga), etc. Start wa wamakono mu Russia m'zaka za m'ma 20 anali osiyana ndi kupanda kuphangira boma kumabungwe kwambiri za cuma kuti adzamasula talente .. okonza, amalonda payekha.

Ntchito yomanga milatho latsopano, komanso kupanga magalimoto ndi injini nthunzi inapita kangapo. Chifukwa, chiyambi cha wamakono mu Russia m'zaka za m'ma 20 anapereka dziko lachiwiri yaitali njanji maukonde mu dziko (kumbuyo US okha).

njanji yotchuka

Njanji anakopeka osati amalonda, komanso akuluakulu luso anthu. Mwachitsanzo, Nduna ya njanji mu 1895-1905 gg. anali Mihail Ivanovich Hilkov, amene anali mtundu wa Rurik. Chimake cha ntchito yake, iye lakwaniritsa chifukwa cha khama kwambiri. mtumiki m'tsogolo woyamba yozimitsa moto mu United States, makaniko mu UK, kenako anakhazikitsa yekha kwawo monga woyang'anira waluso. Komanso, ndi njanji anali womangidwa ntchito Sergeya Vitte - mmodzi wa kanjedza wotchuka wa chi.

Boma la chuma

zina za wamakono wa Russia m'zaka za m'ma 20 m'gulu la kusokonekera kwa msika. kupanga zonse mafakitale dziko linagawidwa zigawo zingapo. Kachigawo waukulu anali mu nsalu ya (26%), chakudya (24%) ndi gornozavodskogo (21%) makampani.

Kudutsa dziko, panali m'madera zachuma ndi awo kupanga wapadera. Makamaka kukula chidwi anaonekera kum'mwera kwa Russia. Amalima mafuta, zitsulo, malasha, ndi smelted chitsulo. wamakono Social mu Russia anali wolumikizana ndi maonekedwe kochuruka kwa zomera. Shirilsya proletarian kalasi. Kuyambira 1894 mpaka 1905, dziko yokhayo yomwe inalipo m'munda zitsulo anaonekera oposa 440 mabizinesi latsopano ndi mabizinezi.

Anatsala malo shipbuilding St. Petersburg, kumene sitima zinamangidwa zombo za makalasi atsopano. Kum'mwera, ntchito doko waukulu anasamukira ku Nikolaev. Amagwiritsidwanso mwachangu kumanga ndi m'manja zombo zamakono ntchito.

kukula zachuma

Features wa wamakono mu Russia ndi imathandizira pa mayendedwe a kukula, zimene nsanje chuma uliwonse mu dziko. Pakuti chizindikiro ichi, dziko anapeza yokha mu gulu la atsogoleri (pamodzi ndi US, Japan ndi Sweden). Goldmine anakhala dera atsopano a mafuta, limene Russia anali palimodzi zikomo mtsogoleri dziko kwa anapeza ndi chitukuko cha madipoziti yaikulu Baku.

M'madera ena a zachuma yopanga zoweta wotanganidwa stably 4 kapena 5 malo (zitsulo, zitsulo ndi kuponyedwa chitsulo, zomangamanga, yopanga shuga ndi zina zotero. D.).

Onse-Russian Industrial Exhibition

Mu zaka za m'ma 20 mu Nizhny Novgorod anatsegula zonse Russian Industrial Exhibition (by fanizo zochitika odziwika European). N'kumene makampani Russian unachitikira chionetsero cha kupambana kwake. chochitika wakhala chosaiwalika kwa nthawi yaitali akukonzekera izo. Wokwanira amatchula kuti makamaka chionetserocho mu Nizhny Novgorod unayambitsidwa woyamba sitima magetsi mu kukula kwa lonse la Russia.

Nkhani imeneyi ndalama zolipirira Mfumu Nicholas II. Mwa okonza chionetserocho anali amalonda bwino nthawi zambiri: .. Savva Morozov, Savva Mamontov, etc. Pali mwasonyezedwa ndi kupambana ndi zopanga zolinga zatsopano za zamakono Russia m'zaka za m'ma 20.

Mu Nizhny Novgorod, zaluso akhala anasonyeza. Mwachitsanzo, alendo koyamba hyperboloid nsanja-chipolopolo Shukhov Rotunda, wailesi Popov, komanso galimoto yoyamba kupanga zoweta (galimoto Frese ndi Yakovlev). Ena pavilions anali odzipereka kwa zigawo yeniyeni. Mwachitsanzo, Nobel Abale Association anasonyeza mafakitale panorama ndi ayenga mafuta Baku. Tinakambirana mavuto zamakono Russia m'zaka za m'ma 20. Komanso zimenezi ndi mapangano pakati pa alimi ndi industrialists.

mavuto

Ngakhale kupambana onse pamwamba, panali mavuto a wamakono wa Russia m'zaka za m'ma 20. Dziko lagged kumbuyo atsogoleri adziko mawu kupanga pa munthu. chithunzi Izi makamaka zovuta kugunda ndi ogula komaliza. Chifukwa cha ichi anali otsika zolowa malonda yachilendo (1 biliyoni miliyoni 286 rubles). chiwerengerochi anali 5 nthawi poyerekeza mlingo US, kapena England. Onse, iye anali wofanana ndi mlingo wa ting'onoting'ono Belgium.

Russian mavuto wamakono m'zaka za m'ma 20, kugona chakuti dziko anali wosauka pa mlingo chachikulu likulu mwa chuma. Kuti tipitirize kukhala makampani, boma ndi amalonda ndi ndalama zofunika. Iwo anakonza, pobwereka kwina. Pafupifupi theka la likulu zoweta wakhala analandira ngongole mu zaka. ndalama zakunja anaukitsidwa kwa nthaka, zigawo lonse. Choncho, mwachitsanzo, anali Donbass beseni. anakhazikitsa ake likuvutika ndalama British ndi French.

mangawa boma

Pa nthawi yomweyo, gawo la ndalama zakunja chuma ndi chiyambi cha m'ma watsopano wakhala likunena ikuchepa. Features wa wamakono Russian kugona chakuti boma ochuluka amatamanda msika zoweta, chifukwa chimene ngongole zake kunja unagwa, ndipo amkati, Mosiyana, anakulira. Yerekezerani - mu nthawi yomweyo mu France kwa malipiro kumangidwa chuma amathera wachitatu wa bajeti, pamene mu Russia - 15%.