Chipilala Yermak - kudzagonjetsa Siberia: history, chidwi mfundo

Zokwanira chidwi mbiri kugwirizana ndi chipilala kwa ogonjetsa a Siberia, ndi Cossack Ataman Yermak anamangidwa mu Novocherkassk. chipilala ichi cha Russian wowerengeka ngwazi wa zinthu za dziko cholowa chikhalidwe. Mosayembekezera, ndi nthaŵi yaitali ntchito sculptural anakhala cholimba moti kalekale ankadziwika m'dera Don Cossack, Siberia ndi Russia.

Ermak chipilala: Novocherkassk

Photos anaika m'nkhani amapereka lingaliro la kuoneka wogona wa munthu wamkulu uyu. Zonse zinayamba mu 1870 ndi chochitika Gala kuti chikondwerero mu mzinda wa Novocherkassk - ndi 300th chikumbutso cha asilikali a Don Cossacks. Kudzera mwa Mkulu wa Wogwila Major General Leonov Cossacks onse akatulukire kwa wolowa a mfumu, Korona Prince Aleksandru Aleksandrovichu - August Ataman Cossack asilikali, amene anabwera phwandolo, kudzathandiza anaika likulu la Don Cossacks chipilala kuti amunamuna awo countryman anzake Ermak Timofeevich (Kachalin mbadwa mudzi pa Don).

Iwo anatchedwa muzimvetsera kulera ndalama chipilala, amene kwa zaka zambiri. Izi zinathandiza nkhondo, imene Russia kenako ankawakonda. A kotala zaka wakhala anasonkhana kuposa Uwerenge 100 000 rubles. zopereka Major apatsidwa kwa Cossacks wa Urals ndi Siberia. Ena mbali adzakhala 40 000 rubles, Cossack Cossack Army boma Anabwereka chuma chawo.

kuyambira

Pamene ndalama Akusonkhanitsa, funso linauka, imene fano ayenera kuonekera ulemerero mtsogoleri Ermak chipilala pa lalikulu chachikulu Novocherkassk. Pa nthawiyi, mu 1889, analengedwa ndi komiti lonse, imene inali wofuna kuthandiza W. Wagner, mutu wa migodi ndi gawo mchere wa Don asilikali, mzinda injiniya B. Krasnov, wofalitsa wa nyuzipepala "Vestnik Don" Karasev, etc ... Mu Russia ndi nthawi, pakati pa Osema otchuka mpikisano analengeza kwa chipilala yabwino, ndipo pambuyo ntchito angapo ankatengedwa.

Woyamba kukhala chipilala kuti Ermak anapereka ziboliboli M. M. Antokolskomu (mlengi wa chipilala kuti Peter Ine mu Taganrog mu 1903), koma mu 1891 iye anali anatilola. Osavomerezeka ndi ntchito ya St. Petersburg ziboliboli M. O. Mikeshina (analengedwa ndi chipilala wotchuka "Millennium la Russia" mu Novgorod mu 1862), koma kutenga nkhani ndemanga zonse zoperekedwa lina lomwe chipilala, ndipo linavomereza mu 1896, koma ziboliboli anafa.

Chipilala Ermak mu Novocherkassk: kufotokoza

Tsopano ntchito anali kufunafuna amene Mikeshina ntchito anali kutenga chilengedwe cha chipilala cha. Tinakhala zaka zingapo ndipo anapeza Rector wa Apamwamba Art Sukulu ya Academy of Tirhana VA Beklemisheva. Choncho, ntchito linayamba.

Pa tsiku la kubadwa kwa Mfumu Nicholas II, May 6, 1903 pa masiku kuika lalikulu. Miyalayo pedestal analamulidwa ndi Chitaliyana mbuye S. Tonitto. Choyamba chinali anakumba dzenje, ndiye anamangidwira maziko concreted m'munsi, opangidwa ku fakitale Novocherkassk zitsulo unyolo 8 4.2 mamita lililonse. Mu St. Petersburg, pa pulasitala chitsanzo VA Beklemisheva kotheratu "Moran" ..anathira mkuwa fano yolemera matani 5. Kutalika okwana chipilala ndi mamita 14 92 cm, kulemera - matani 1600.

anapeza

Chaka chotsatira, kachiwiri pa Mfumu kubadwa Nicholas II - May 6, 1904, linatsegulidwa. Masana belu mumafuna muziyamba kuchapa, m'dera wodzazidwa mphamvu Cossack ana zolimbitsira thupi, Cadet, Junkers ndi mzika. Cathedral wa Ascension anali chionetsero ndi tiakachisi conciliar.

Ataman Cossack asilikali KK Maksimovich waponya chophimba ku chipilala, ndipo potsiriza, opezekapo aona amphamvu ndi otchuka fano la Ermak, lomwe mbali imodzi kunali nkhondo mbendera ndi ena onse - korona, kufanizira ndi anagonjetsa Siberia. Alikibishopu Don ndi Novocherkasskiy Afanasy opatulidwira chipilala. Ndiyeno panali kumenya, kufalitsa mapositi kadi komanso timabuku pofotokoza zinthu zomwe adalemekeza wolimba Ataman Yermak yemwe anamwalira mu mafunde a mtsinje Irtysh August 5, 1584.

umboni mkuwa

Kuyambira Ermak chipilala anakhala mboni chete kuti zochitika zambiri mbiri zomwe zinachitika pa lalikulu chachikulu Novocherkassk Ascension tchalitchi, kuphatikizapo maulendo a mafumu, mapulezidenti, makolo, atsogoleri otchuka, ndi zina zotero D..

M'chaka choyamba cha zomangamanga m'dera limeneli Cossacks adapita Chirasha Japanese nkhondo (1904-1905 gg.). Kenako patapita chaka unachitikira misonkhano pothandizira ufulu demokalase (Ndondomeko ya tsar ya October 17, 1905). Ndiye - woyamba Russian zisinthe ndipo zotsatira zake pakati pa Don Cossacks, amene maliro m'bwalo (1905-1907 gg.). Komanso, First World nkhondo ndi yolimbikitsa misa ya February utasintha ndi misonkhano ya akuluakulu a Provisional boma, lumbiro la asilikali ambiri A. M. Kaledina, chisankho cha mtsogoleri wake ndi October kuukira boma la 1917. zinthu zimenezi akhoza kuwonjezeredwa ndi kosangalatsa mpaka kalekale Novocherkassk ndi "woyera", ndiye kuti "kufiira", pamene Mphamvu mu manja awo sanatenge Great Don Army, General PN Krasnov.

Kuteteza m'makachisi

Komabe, panali kuyesayesa kuti awaponyere kumbali chipilala "Ermak Bourget". Mu 1918, anafuna kupanga makina mu 1938 - ndi thalakitala koma analephera kuchita chifukwa zifukwa luso. Ndipo mu 1942, Anazi m'kati ntchito ya Novocherkassk kwa cholinga chomwecho lankhosa pa chipilala cha atatu thalakitala ndi winch, koma anasiya m'deralo ndi Cossacks, amene anapangitsa commandant ndipo anafotokoza kuti Ermak - osati wofiira Cossack osati Bolshevik, ndi kachisi m'dera ndi Don ngwazi . Kenako msilikali German analamula kuti achotse thalakitala, ndipo kamodzinso kupulumutsidwa pa chiwonongeko cha chipilala kuti Yermak. Anthu onse osamalira mzinda wa Novocherkassk Cossacks mu nthawi yamavuto kuyesera kumbukirani akatswiri awo.

Mu 2001, zonse zofunika ntchito kubwezeretsa zinachitikadi. May 6, 2004 mumzinda amakondwerera chikumbutso 100th wa chipilala cha. Lero, izo zakhala zaka mazana, koma Ermak chipilala akuima adzauka mpaka pali mzinda ndi mbiri yake linalembedwa kalekale.