Moscow achikumbutso a zomangamanga: ano ndi mbiri yakale

Moscow mzinda ndi chidwi osati chifukwa likulu la dziko lathu. Ndi opulumutsidwa kwambiri misewu ya cholowa chikhalidwe. Kale m'zaka 15 Moscow zomangamanga anali mawu a chikhalidwe cha dziko. Zomangamanga imatengedwa "mayi zaluso onse", monga osati amasonyeza magawo chitukuko, komanso maziko kuteteza frescoes ndi, woodcarving zithunzi ndi zosemasema. Luso la Moscow zomangamanga kuwonjezekeredwa mbali ambiri a zomangamanga wakale ndi ntchito za mapulani yachilendo. Yotchuka kwambiri iwo zofunika dziko, monga malo wotchuka ndi chifukwa cha ntchito yolenga ya mapulani kwambiri. Luso la zomangamanga umboni dziko la chikhalidwe cha m'mayiko osiyanasiyana ndi zochitika zazikulu m'mbiri. Choncho, ndiotetezedwa ndi kubwezeretsedwa kusunga cholowa wapadera kalekale m'mibadwo yanu.

Luso la Moscow zomangamanga

Mndandanda wa zinthu ya cholowa chikhalidwe, zisungidwe likulu, ndi lalikulu kwambiri. Makamaka mbiri zawo wolemera mzinda, koma kwambiri la nyumba ndi paki ensembles, mchitidwe umenewu ndi misewu lonse mu madera osiyana a Moscow monga zokonda zake. Kodi zinthu mukugwirizana zipilala la:

- Ena nyumba ndi maofesi, chinthu chochititsa chidwi. Mwachitsanzo, Arseny Morozov zazikulu, Pashkov House, Grand Theatre ndi City Hall.

- yachifumu ndi paki gulu loyimba ndi maofesi a kamangidwe, monga chuma "Kuskovo" Kremlin mu Izmailovo, Poklonnaya Hill ndi paki "Tsarina".

- wotchuka mzinda. Mu likulu, ndi dziko wotchuka gulu loyimba wa Moscow Kremlin.

- Square, zotchinga ndi misewu. Izi Red ndi Manezhnaya Square, Arbat ndi Garden mphete, ndi Mpheta Hills ndi Chistoprudniy Boulevard.

- mchitidwe umenewu ndi akachisi ambiri amene anatsalira ku Moscow. Yotchuka kwambiri iwo - ndi St. Basil a Cathedral Cathedral kwa Khristu Mpulumutsiyo ndi Novodevichy Akatolika.

- zinthu zomangamanga ndi boma, mafakitale kapena asilikali tanthauzo, mwachitsanzo Ostankinskaya nsanja, Moscow Metro, ENEA chingamu kapena nyumba.

Features wa Moscow nyumba

Nyumba zakale mumzinda - Moscow Kremlin - anakhazikitsidwa mu m'ma 12 pa Borovitsky phiri pa m'kamwa mwa Neglinnaya Mtsinje. Ndi kutiumba izo kubwereza maphunziro a pachilumbachi. M'mlengalenga yolusa nthawi wakufunsa pomanga makoma aatali ndi makoma. Choncho, pamene kukula kwa mzinda analenga malinga latsopano. Kotero kuli manda a zomangamanga wa Moscow, monga Kitai-Gorod khoma ndi makoma ena m'malo anaonekera Boulevard ndi Garden mphete. Mpaka m'ma 18 kwambiri wa nyumba likulu anali opangidwa ndi matabwa, ndi m'zaka za zana chatha, pafupifupi zonse mukanalankhula mwala. Komanso, mbali ya chitukuko mzinda anali intersecting misewu zozungulira. Kunasintha kwambiri nkhope likulu ndi kubwera kwa Soviet Union. Kukonza zoti wamakono wa mzinda ndi chilengedwe cha khwalala burodibandi inalamula chiwonongeko cha zipilala ambiri. Only ena a iwo kuyambira wabwezeretsedwa. A anamanga panali ambiri mkulu-nyamuka nyumba, okhala amakono anali wonyong'onya nyumba.

Masitaelo pa zomangamanga wakale wa Moscow

1. Matabwa zomangamanga.

nyumba onse oyambirira a mzinda anali opangidwa ndi zipika. Yotchuka kwambiri iwo unali mpingo wa St. Nicholas, mpingo Danily Stolpnika yekha Moscow Kremlin. Koma palibe nyumba wakale matabwa mzinda sipezeka.

2. Stone zomangamanga 14 - 18 zaka.

Mwala woyamba nyumbayi inali Cathedral wa Dormition mu boma la Russia, omwe sanapulumuke masiku ano. Mu ulamuliro wa Ivan Kalita anayamba kumanganso mpanda wa boma la Russia. Ndipo pofika m'ma 16 waukulu mapulani gulu loyimba wa Moscow amakhala pafupifupi mawonekedwe ano zinalengedwa mwa makoma woyera mwala, Annunciation ndi Angelo Cathedral ndi Palace ya Mbali.

3. Classicism pa zomangamanga wa Moscow 18-19 atumwi.

Pambuyo moto, ambiri a nyumba za mzinda adzamangidwenso. Nawo mapulani ambiri Italy, kumanga anayamba kukhala ndi mzimu classicism. Manda wotchuka mumzinda wa Moscow nthawi imeneyo - Pashkov House, Ostankino Malo ndi Nyumba ya Bolshoi Theatre.

Masitaelo a zomangamanga wa 19-20 zaka Moscow

1. Moscow Art Nouveau. Nyumba kalembedwe izi zinalengedwa m'ma 19 mochedwa. Zikuphatikizapo Medyntseva zazikulu, chuma cha Paulo, Yaroslavsky Station, hotelo "Metropol" ndi ena ambiri.

2. Zomangamanga wa Moscow m'nyengo Soviet anali osiyana lonse. Ndi mkulu liwiro kukula madera atsopano. Nyumba otchuka kwambiri nthawi imeneyo - seveni Stalin nyumba zosanja zitalizitali.

3. zomangamanga Modern ukufanizidwa ndi Moscow nyumba ofesi, malonda ndi likulu la chikhalidwe chawo, anamanga mu kalembedwe pambuyo chimakono ndi eclecticism. Mwachitsanzo, malo kugula "Nautilus" kapena malo odyera "White Mbalame ya Chinsansa".

zipilala wakale wa Moscow zomangamanga

1. Kremlin - ndi wotchuka kwambiri ndiponso chinthu wamkulu ya cholowa chikhalidwe likulu. Iye anapulumuka kwambiri, anali mboni ya kudza ndi kugwa, kusintha ndi nkhondo. Pa m'gawo lake ndi ambiri aang'ono ndi nyumba komanso ndi zipilala: Uspensky Cathedral, ndi nkhokwe ndi Senate, Fund Daimondi, Ivan Wamkulu Bell ndi wotchuka Spasskaya Tower ndi Clock zakuthambo. gulu loyimba ili ku malo World Heritage ndi amatchulidwa kwina kulikonse kumene zipilala a zomangamanga mdziko amaonedwa.

2. Gostiny Dvor komanso unakhazikitsidwa m'ma 15 ndi kumangidwanso nthawi zambiri. izo amafanana kakang'ono tsopano chipilala a zomangamanga, koma ndi wotchuka Moscow chikhomo.

3. m'dera ofiira dziko - ndi chizindikiro cha Russia. Izi gulu loyimba mapulani - kwambiri kukaona malo mu Moscow. Anasunga nyumba akale odziŵika Kazan ndi Cathedral St. Basil ndi kuuka Chipata.

Amonke wotchuka ndi mipingo mu Moscow

likulu chikugwirizana ndi moyo onse chikhalidwe ndi wauzimu wa dziko. Achikhalire mchitidwe wake ndi akachisi ndi kudadziwika Russia, zomwe zina zinasungidwa kuyambira mazana oyambirira a mzinda. Tikhoza kunena kuti chipilala ili a zomangamanga Russian, wokondedwa, mtima wa nzika iliyonse ya dziko. Kodi wotchuka kwambiri?

- Novodevichy Akatolika, umene Kuwonjezera pa ntchito, ndi udindo wa boma zakale Museum.

- Donskoy ansembe yotchedwa - ofunikira zosiyanasiyana mipingo okongola ndi nsanja kwabasi.

- Danilov ansembe yotchedwa - mmodzi wa wamkulu osati Moscow komanso mu Russia.

- kwabasi Kwambiri mpingo Grigoriya Neokesariyskogo ndi yowala lalanje belu nsanja ndi oyika tiled.

- The Cathedral kwa Khristu Mpulumutsiyo - amadziwika popeza anabwezeretsedwa mu 90s kwa zaka za m'ma 20 pambuyo chiwonongeko chotheratu.

- St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo - mmodzi wa zowoneka wotchuka wa Moscow. Chotero anaitana Cathedral St. Basil yomwe ili ku Red Square. yowala-zolochedwa domes ndi wolemera ake chokongoletsera amaitana alendo ambiri.

Kamangidwe zipilala anawononga m'nyengo Soviet

Fast mzinda chitukuko ndi kukula kwa misewu mu 30-70-ntchentche za m'ma 20 anatsogolera chakuti oposa 400 zipilala za kufunika dziko anawonongedwa. Ena mwa iwo ngati nyumba wotchuka ngati ansembe yotchedwa Woyera, Mpingo wa Akukwera pa Pokrovka ndi amadutsa popita Kosungira Zida. Iwo anali litaphulitsidwa mwa Khristu Mpulumutsi Cathedral, chimene Komabe, kenako limzake. Koma ambiri nyumba wapadera anasowa Mwachitsanzo, nyumba ya ndakatulo kapena Khomyakov House Lopukhins. Kunasintha kwambiri pakati mbiri ya likulu, makamaka anagwetsa nyumba zambiri kunja kwa Manege ndi Big Yakimanka.

The chidwi ano Moscow

Ambiri amanena kuti masiku ano mzinda nyumba zoipa. Koma pamodzi ndi ziwembu zopulula nyumba mkulu-nyamuka akhoza kupezeka nyumba ndithu choyambirira:

- chidwi zapakhomo "dzira" pa msewu Mashkov;

- Malonda Center "Pullman" pa wopha angakaphe kusakanikirana chidwi galasi ndi konkire;

- ndi zogona zovuta "kunyumba kazembe" ndi chidwi theka-zozungulira mawonekedwe ndi opendekera mazenera;

- Center Business "Kitezh" mu mawonekedwe a zapamadzi mnogopalubnogo.

Modern Moscow ndi kukwapula mix ya masitaelo pa zomangamanga. Tsopano ziri makamaka moni zamakono, constructivism ndi zamakono. Awa ndi nyumba za galasi ndi choikapo konkire m'misewu. Koma manda wakale wa Moscow sanaiŵalidwe ndi kukopa alendo ochokera konsekonse mdziko.