Atomiki Nyanja Chagan, Kazakhstan: kufotokoza, mbiri ndi chidwi mfundo

Pali Kazakhstan nyanja chodabwitsa kumene pansi ngati galasi anasungunuka. madzi ndi pafupifupi wakuda. Carp kuti azikhala, akula mita, ndi nsomba zina zodabwitsa ndi mantha. Izi Atom-onse, Chagan Nyanja m'dera Semipalatinsk. anthu odziwa akuyesetsa kuzilambalala chipani chake. Anthu amene amabwera kuno ndi ngozi, kudabwa yolakwika kukongola kwa malowa.

opangidwa chozizwitsa

Chagan Nyanja ku Kazakhstan - ndi manja la asayansi Soviet nyukiliya. Iwo anapereka akulimbana bomba la nyukiliya kulenga malo yokumba kusunga madzi m'madera louma. Momwe munakonzera ndi asayansi ku Central Asia azioneka osachepera makumi nyanja izi. Choncho zinakonzedwa kuthetsa vuto chilimwe chilala ndi konza ulimi mu Chikazaki steppes. Choncho panali Chagan, amene mphamvu ndi kiyubiki mamita 20 miliyoni. mamita wa madzi.

Nthawi zina zikayenda chachikulu

Mu Soviet Union asayansi osauka ntchito wofuna kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu nyukiliya zolinga mtendere. Maganizo abwino kuti analimbana ndi chilengedwe ngalawa, ndege ndi ngakhale injini ya galimoto imene ntchito chifukwa cha zochita nyukiliya. Pozindikira mphamvu zosaneneka mphamvu atomiki, iwo akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu chopambana ichi mu kusanjika njira, ngalande ndi malo kusonkhanitsa ndalama yaikulu madzi.

sayansi changu ankadziwa Palibe malire. pulogalamu unkatchedwa "maatomu Mtendere". Kuthamangitsa sayansi zipambano za zotsatira za chilengedwe ndi thanzi la mtundu sanaganize. Impact ntchito yomanga ndi Virgin Nthaka Upturned kuphimba Union lonse. Chatsanulidwa zithaphwi, mitsinje, adabwerera m'mbuyo, ndi nyanja yatsopano inakhazikitsidwa ndi chifuniro cha munthu mu malo awo anakonza. Iyo inali nthawi imene anthu sanayembekezere chifundo kwa chilengedwe. Tsopano iye kulipira sanasiye.

ndege yoyamba

Mu USSR, makampani a ndege yoyamba zinachitikadi January 15, 1965 pa dera la dera Semipalatinsk. Pa nthawi imeneyo kunali anthu akhala akutayirapo dothi, amene anapanga chiyesedwe cha zida za nyukiliya. chosonyeza m'mizinda ikuluikulu m'chigawo cha Kazakhstan wasankhidwa zimenezo.

Momwe munakonzera ndi asayansi kuphulika anali anapanga nyuzi chimphona, ndi m'mphepete pansi pa zimene ziyenera oplavitsya kuchokera kutentha. Ku thanki iyi madzi seep mu nthaka sadzakhala ndi anthu am'deralo adzatha ntchito kuthirira ziweto ndi kuthirira minda yapafupi.

M'dera la kama waung'ono mtsinje Chagan, adzauma m'chilimwe, zinalengedwa imatsogoleredwa kuphulika. polojekiti natsogozedwa nyukiliya wasayansi Ivan Turchin.

wamphamvu kuphulika

Mu bwino №1004 pamalo "Balapan" mu floodplain la mtsinje waung'ono Chaganka chinaikidwa chipangizo ndi zachiwawa pa akuya mamita 178. ntchito anauika kwa January 15, 1965 Pa maola 5 Mphindi 59 59 masekondi GMT pa chete m'mawa linathyoka ndi bomba lalikulu. Pasanapite 2.5 chinalembedwa mtambo mapangidwe mpweya wotentha. Patapita mphindi 5 kufika msinkhu wa 4800 m. The mpweya anali ejected 10,3 Mill. T nthaka ndi kutalika kwa 950 m. Miyala Multiton anabalalika mu utali wozungulira wa makilomita zingapo. kama mtsinje watsekedwa.

Pa malo kuphulika kwa anasiya Chigwa chimphona m'mbali zinaphatikizidwa. awiri ake 430 m, akuya woposa 100 m. Mu zolemba wake Turchin analemba kuti kupenya kukongola amuyang'ane sizinali zofunikira.

Lolemera ntchito bomba

chipangizo zachiwawa ntchito polenga chinthu monga atomiki CHagan nyanja, mphamvu anali 170 kilotons. Yerekezerani kuti Hiroshima bomba mphamvu 20 kilotons. mphamvu zonse izi zimene zinali mu chidebe cylindrical ndi awiri a masentimita 86 ndi kutalika mamita 3!

nyanja

M'chaka pa malo kuphulika anafika njira yomwe chikugwirizana rivulet ndi mosungiramo latsopano. Asayansi akudziwa kuti chigumula madzi itenge mu Irtysh nyukiliya fumbi ku dera lonse ndipo motero kuwononga lonse Siberia dera. Monga pakati pa asayansi madzi onse ayenera kukumana mu Nyanja Chagan. Pakuti ichi anamwazika n'kuwaza khoma, amene sanalole madzi ku mtsinje Irtysh.

Spring Chigwa wodzazidwa ndi madzi Sungunulani, koma yokumba dziwe madzi sizinayende - mlingo cheza kuposa ponseponse mwa nthawi chikwi.

Chagan Nyanja ku Kazakhstan alipo lero. Mtsinje Chaganka anapanga chinthu chatsopano, kupewa msampha wakupha. Okhala pafupi midzi mbali kuzilambalala malo oopsa, koma abusa akadali kuthamangitsa ng'ombe kumwa. Ndipotu, pena paliponse.

M'dera la matenda

Lipenga, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa pambuyo nyanja nyukiliya Chagan, nyukiliya akhala gawo limene panali 11 m'midzi ndi anthu anthu za 2000.

Tsiku mayeso cheza kuposa 30 tsa / h, ndi masiku 10 pambuyo pake anafika 1 p / h. Miyezo pa nthawi ino, kusonyeza 2000-3000 Mr / h, ngakhale kuti ena mlingo wa poizoni ndi 15-30 Mr / h.

Ngalande ntchito yomanga 182 anthu amene anabwera kuchokera ku madera osiyana a Union. Ngakhale miyeso anatengedwa (anakumba zinthu zakale zashuga munali kutsogolera), cheza zingawonongeka kwambiri kuti thanzi la anyamata athanzi. Onse a iwo analandira Mlingo waukulu wa poizoni. Aliyense wa iwo anamaliza ntchito zawo kuloza chilema kwambiri. Kwa zaka zingapo, ambiri a iwo anafa ndi matenda cheza ndi matenda ena.

Pamene patapita zaka zambiri anasonyeza buku liquidators ndi geoskhemy, amene sankawabisira kuphulika deta katswiri geoecology E. Yakovlev, anaona kuti anali zoopsa kuposa Chernobyl.

nyanja Kuthetsa

Pamene mu 1966, asilikali ndi liquidators anasiya pansi kutsimikizira, kumene kunali mobisa bomba la nyukiliya, Chagan Nyanja wakhala malo a akatswiri kafukufuku. Popeza zotsatira cheza pa zamoyo anali akadali bwino bwino, akatswiri imachitika zatsopano, yothetsa nyanja nyukiliya a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyama ndi zomera. Nthawi zambiri, atypical kwa dera limeneli. Pa siteshoni kwachilengedwenso Atom podzikongoletsa m'maso anapangidwa zatsopano cheza kukhudzana pa zamoyo. Nyanja mitundu Chagan 36 nsomba akhala anapezerapo, Pakati panali ngakhale piranhas ku Amazon, 27 mitundu molluscs, 42 mitundu invertebrates, 32 mitundu ya achule, 8 nyama, 11 zokwawa. Komanso zatsopano kunachitika ndi mitundu 150 ya zomera, ambiri a iwo Seaweed.

90% anayambitsa mbalame anamwalira chifukwa cha kofunikira kwambiri cheza ndi zinthu zachilendo zachilengedwe. The masinthidwe otsala anali poyera kuti kusintha maonekedwe a mbadwa ndi muzu kusintha khalidwe. Choncho, carp, amene m'mikhalidwe wabwinobwino ndi zamiyendo Inayi nsomba, zalembedwa mu nyanja atomiki CHagan (Kazakhstan) anakhala ogwirira yogwira. Apa iwo kukula pafupifupi mita. Koma kudya iwo ali osavomerezeka.

A nsomba zazinkhanira yachibadwa kukula kwa nyanja ndi ngati lobusitara chikasu. Mu chilengedwe chinachitika Kuoloka kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zamoyo, amene anapereka okwana ana. Ena mitundu ya nyama mutated kotero kuti ana awo sali makolo kapena kwa wina ndi mzake.

Asayansi ananena kuti ngakhale zamiyendo Inayi nsomba zinthu cheza anakhala adani. Mu 1974, siteshoni kafukufuku chinatsekedwa.

zinthu zofanana

Chagan Lake - ndi Echo mayesero nyukiliya Soviet. Pambuyo utsogoleri wake maphunziro anakana ku kubwereza kwa zatsopano ofanana. Ngakhale kuti poyamba anakonza chilengedwe cha Intaneti lonse la malo ofanana. Koma zimenezo si mmodzi yekha mu dziko. Mu US, Nevada ali Chigwa Sedan, amene anali anapanga chifukwa cha kuphulika kwa.

Koma asayansi Soviet anatha kuonjezera mphamvu zisanawonongeke kuphulika ndi kuchepetsa zotsatira zingawononge chilengedwe. Ngakhale ngakhale ndi awa "zikayenda" anali zingawonongeka wautali kwambiri m'deralo.

Chagan lero

Tsopano m'dera la Semipalatinsk polgona, kuphatikizapo Chagan Lake, pa mndandanda wa malo kudwala kwambiri mayesero nyukiliya. kuipitsidwa nyukiliya wa madzi ndi 300 picocuries / L (pa yovomerezedwa - 15 picocuries / l). madzi Izi si oyenera kumwa ndi ulimi wothirira. Koma abusa kuyambitsa madzi ziweto. Mlingo wa khansa ndi matenda majini m'chigawo ndi apamwamba kuposa mu oyandikana.

Nsomba zokodwa mu nyanja Chagan, kudya ali osavomerezeka. Koma amalonda mochenjera msika Semipalatinsk ogula chimphona carp amene anali kudutsa ndi samadziwa nyanja zodabwitsa.

Asayansi asayansi sichinatheke. Izi nyanja ndi madzi akufa, moyo wa munthu, ngakhale theka patapita zaka, si abwino. Kubweretsa alendo pano kulankhula za zipambano za luso nyukiliya mu USSR.