Mudflow ku Sochi, Georgia, Taba ndi Lars

Kukhala ndi chidwi ndi zochitika mu dziko ndipo dziko kumaona Zingayambe uthenga, ife zambiri onani zithunzi, makanema masoka achilengedwe chifukwa cha mudslide lapansi. MASOKA mu dziko limakhala ndi more: Kodi likutentha mlandu, mwina, zochita za anthu, kapena dziko lathu lokha udzadutsa zina nyengo "zoopsa" za mbiri yake kwa zifukwa zina, koma masoka ndi yofanana. anthu mantha, othawa kwawo, otaika nyumba ndi katundu, anapha ng'ombe ndi mitunda maonekedwe owonongeka, kokha dzulo ankaoneka nthano, ndipo masiku ano amafanana chithunzi cha mafilimu pa mutu wa Chivumbulutso lapansi. Popeza chimodzimodzi mudflow, kodi tingatani kuti tipewe imfa ndi chiwonongeko, kapena zotsatira za tsoka osachepera?

Kodi ulimi mu chikhalidwe?

mawu ali mizu Arabic. Kumasulira amatanthauza "chipwirikiti otaya". Matope matope kulemera, kuthamangira ndi liwiro lalikulu, kufesa imfa, adzacotsa zonse mu njira yake - nyumba, malo, pamodzi ndi anthu awo onse, kuyambira nyama kupita kwa anthu. Mudflow lili inclusions ambiri molimbika: miyala yaikulu ndi yaing'ono, particles thanthwe, lomwe, poyamba, akhoza kukhala wamkulu kuposa theka la kulemera okwana. m'midzi yambiri mu mapiri kumeneko kwa nthawi yaitali, ndi mbiri yaitali, mosangalala kupewa masoka achilengedwe, koma m'chilengedwe pali chinachake chapadera, modabwitsa (mofulumira ndipo nthawi yaitali mvula, kutentha mofulumira, pamodzi limatsogolera mofulumira kwambiri ya matalala, ndi glacier m'mapiri) - ndipo Chinachake Yoipa Way uyu akubwera. Amayendetsa zinthu ponseponse zambiri sakhalitsa, kwa maola angapo, koma izi ziri zoposa mokwanira kupangitsa mpaka kalekale patangopita zaka zochepa za kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe ndi anthu, monga Mwachitsanzo, pamene zinanenedwa anadza 2013 mudslide mu Georgia. Ndiye, chifukwa cha tsoka akhala litaferatu magalimoto. Zokwanira kuwononga kwambiri yapereka ndi mudflow mu Taba (izo ndidzakuwonetsa mu kamphindi).

makhalidwe a

Mudflow ali mkulu kwambiri avundulidwe liwiro. Matope kulemera kaŵirikaŵiri amawonekera mwadzidzidzi popanda kulola zokwanira kukhwimitsa ntchito kuteteza anthu ndi chikhalidwe. Mudflow chikukhudza thanthwe molimba ikuchitika pa mlingo wa mamita 2.4 kuti 6.4 pa mphindi. Chifukwa cha zikutha ozungulira malo akhoza kutenga maphunziro chosiyana: miyala monga maola ochepa amamvera nyimbo m'malo mochita mitsinje latsopano ndi mitsinje, wosanjikiza wa zinyalala ndi dothi chimakwirira Piedmont chonde kumveka ntchito paulimi ndi odyetserako. Ukufalikira Valley limakhala lakufa ndi osayenera moyo ndi ntchito. Mudflow mukhoza kupita mu magawo angapo, funde lililonse latsopano cha kuchuluka zina kukula kwa ngoziyo.

ndi zimayambitsa zodabwitsazi zachilengedwe chiyani?

1. Mafunde mvula yaitali. Ngati mlandu wa m'deralo "dziko kusefukira", iwo anayang'ana chimodzimodzi ndi kutsika mapiri mudflows, akuwonongeka anthu ndi nyumba.
2. Lakuthwa kutentha lomwe lili ndi khalidwe nyengo, kapena nyengo yopuma, yomwe INGATHE kuyambitsa kusungunuka kwa chisanu ndi oundana. Ili pansi m'mudzi glacier nthawi zonse ndi ngozi.
3. Kumadera ndi kukondera lalikulu mu nyanza ya akhoza kugwa mbali yaikulu ya pansi zinyalala chotero ndigwire watercourse, kutumiza kwa wina, njira zosayembekezereka, choyambitsa zigumukire.

Kodi n'chiyani zinthu monga zina, ochititsa ngozi?

Tree mizu bwino kulimbikitsa zigawo chapamwamba nthaka, kuteteza iwo kupita, ngakhale atadziŵa utuluke lolemera mvula kapena weathering chifukwa mosaganizira yodula ya m'minda nkhalango - chimodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu kuwonjezeka kuopseza masoka achilengedwe a mtundu umenewu. Pansi pa zoyambitsa za anawagawa m'magulu atatu: chifukwa cha kukokoloka ndi landslip yojambula.

ndi kumene foci wa zikanavulaza?

Zowopsa yaitali, zingakhale mbali iliyonse ya phiri mtsinje, amene amasonkhana mosavuta anagwidwa ndi mafunde madzi nthaka, thanthwe. Kungakhale amacheka kapena ruts, komanso matumba omwazika mudflow.

Gawo foci

Maenje - maphunziro pa malo otsetsereka, kudula pa thanthwe, kuwaika ndi pamalo ena, ang'ono m'litali ndi kuzama, ndi si angabweretse ngozi, mpaka mtsinje, tingayambe kayendedwe ka miyala. Ang'ambe thupilo - maphunziro ozikidwa madipoziti ndi moraine, kugwirizana ndi kusintha lakuthwa mu kukwezedwa. Iwo anachokera wakale kwambiri. amacheka Young kumachitika chifukwa cha ntchito posachedwapa chiphala, ndi chifukwa cha kugumuka, mudslides. Amacheka maenje yaikulu mu kuya ndi pati. Omwazika mudflow kumachitika pa malo otsetsereka kwambiri a mapiri komwe anaikira kwambiri makombo thanthwe, weathering mankhwala. Chotero malo pamwamba ndithu angaoneke mu chivomerezi posachedwapa, yogwira tectonic ndondomeko. Pamwamba pa grooves awa ali ndi zotupa, amene mankhwala pang'onopang'ono kudziunjikira zinyalala, zomwe mwina, akamaziwononga, kuti kuphatikiza mu njira umodzi ndipo kuti atsitse mphamvu yake kwa zinthu ili otsetsereka a.

Momwe mungapewere zigumukire?

Popeza chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu kusonkhanitsa madzi ndi zinyalala utuluke ndi imfa ya nkhalango wokhazikika, vutoli kuthetsa m'minda. nyumba hayidiroliki (ngalande, embankments, kutsatira), asamathere zingakhale mitsinje yoopsa angathe kupereka ndithu positive. Unsembe madamu pa msewu mitsinje yoopsa ndi zinkapezeka m'madzi sachedwa gawo thandizo kuchokera pamalo otsetsereka a misa, umene pang'ono kufooketsa umatha zowononga. nyumba ina (maenje, m'madamu, madamu) kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha tsoka, n'kofunika kulimbikitsa gombe, kuteteza kukokololoka zawo zina, makamaka ngati ili m'mphepete mwa nyumbayo. Kuyambira ndime ya mudflows zambiri amadwala pamwamba msewu, chitetezo umene m'pofunika kuti amange trays (mwala kapena analimbitsa simenti) pa msewu kapena pansi mu malo yayenda.

The zigumukire wotchuka ndi zotsatira zawo, zalembedwa sayansi mbiri

1. Kuchokera pa 17 kufika 18 August 1891 mu Tyrol, ku Austria Alps, anatsika ndi mudflow lalikulu: yoweyula anafika kutalika mamita 18, yaikulu m'dera chidafundidwa ndi nkhungu wosanjikiza wa zinyalala otaya misa.
2. March 1, 1938 kugunda Los Angeles, akupha anthu oposa 200.
3. July 8, 1921 Amadyetsa anagunda Alma-Ata (tsopano Alma-Ata), mafunde angapo anabweretsa miliyoni 3.5 mamita lalikulu mu mzinda. M zinthu zovuta.
4. Mu 1970, panali ngozi mu Peru, akupha anthu oposa 60,000 chifukwa cha ntchito zinyalala otaya, ndi 800,000 anasowa pokhala, anataya malo awo opanda denga pamwamba pa mitu yawo.

ngozi lero

1. January 24, 2013 anabwera mudslide ku Sochi. Iye anasiya chifukwa cha yake ndi mwaluso anagwira ntchito pa ntchito yomanga mpanda wolimba kwambiri ya utsogoleli mzinda.
2. May 8, 2014 kumalire a Igupto ndi Israyeli chifukwa cha mvula anali anasefukira Map angapo. Ndiye anadza mudflow mu Taba, anagunda msewu. zotsatira zake zinali inathetsedwa mkati mwa sabata.
3. May 17, 2014 anabwera mudslide ku Georgia, pafupi ndi kuthetsa Gveleti. Mumayenda oletsedwa Terek mtsinje. gawo msewu chatsekedwa "Vladikavkaz-Lars" anaonekera kwayandikirako kuopseza madzi anasefukira midzi angapo. Vuto wadutsa - madzi "anapeza" ngalande osakhalitsa, ndi mlingo zake musalumphe milingo oopsa. Pamene adatsika mudslide mu Lars miyezo zofunika atengedwa mu nthawi, anthu m'dera yomweyo anasamutsidwa ndi malo abata.