Mercury mlengalenga: zikuchokera. ndi m'banja Mercury chiyani?

Mercury - ndi dziko pafupi Dzuŵa Adzaupereka kwa dziko matupi apadziko, ndipo lili ndi pafupi nafe. Komabe, Mercury amadziwika lero za ochepa. M'mbuyomu, iye ankaona ngati dziko kwambiri bwino kudziwika. magawo osiyanasiyana (chikhalidwe cha mbali pamwamba pa nyengo, pamaso pa mlengalenga, kapangidwe kake) Mercury anakhalabe chinsinsi chifukwa cha kovuta kwambiri a dziko kusunga ndi kuphunzira mothandizidwa ndi makina. Chifukwa chake - cha kuyandikana kwa Sun, amene oipayo amawononganso aliyense adzanene kwa iye kapena kumufikira zida. Komabe, zaka mazana ambiri akuyesetsa zonse yotsatira anali atasonkhana ndi zinthu zochititsa chidwi, amene pambuyo chiyambi cha zaka danga anali wodzilemekeza ndi deta ya okwerera interplanetary. Mercury m'mlengalenga akulowa mndandanda wa makhalidwe amene anafufuza "Woyendetsa Chombo 10" ndi "Mtumiki". Woonda mpweya chigoba cha dziko, komanso chilichonse pa izo, umamumvera kukhudzana zonse kuwala. Dzuwa - chinthu chachikulu kudziwa ndi kutchukitsa makhalidwe a m'mlengalenga Mercury a.

Ataona Earth

Amasirira Mercury padziko lathuli kungakhale kovuta chifukwa cha moyandikana ndi Sun ndi makhalidwe kanjira. Iye amapezeka mu mlengalenga pafupi kwambiri kaja. Ndipo nthawi zonse pamene dzuwa litalowa kapena dzuwa. nthawi akhazikike pa nthawi yomweyo ndi negligible. Pa zabwino mikhalidwe - ndizo pafupi maora awiri kusanache ndipo dzuwa litalowa komanso. Nthawi zambiri, yotsatira si upambana mphindi 20-30.

gawo

Mercury ali gawo lomwelo ngati mwezi. Kukuzungulira Dzuwa, kenako inasanduka kachigawo yopapatiza, kumakhaladi bwalo wathunthu. Mu ulemerero wa dziko limaonekera pamene ali patsogolo pa Dziko Lapansi, dzuwa. Panthawi imeneyi, Kulingalira abwera "mwezi wathunthu" Mercury. Pa nthawi yomweyo Koma dziko ili pa mtunda pazipita ku Earth, ndi yonyezimira dzuwa cheza kusokoneza zinthu zakuthambo.

Kuyenda kuzungulira dziko, Mercury akuyamba zowoneka kuwonjezeka kukula monga azilankhula nafe. Pa nthawi yomweyo yafupika m'dera la pamwamba magetsi. Pomaliza, dziko akutembenukira kwa ife mbali mdima ndi kusiyiratu pamaso. Pakapita zaka zingapo panthawi Mercury akudutsa mwachindunji pakati pa Sun ndi Earth. Ndiye inu mukhoza kuona kayendedwe ake magetsi madansi.

Njira anaziika

Mercury Tingaone ndi apoyera kapena kudzera mu zoyang'anira kuonera monga kusanache ndipo dzuwa litalowa, mwachitsanzo, panthawi madzulo. Mothandizidwa ndi telesikopu yaing'ono zofufuzafufuza kusunga dziko bwino ndipo masana, koma palibe mumve zambiri pa ichi simukhala kuona. Nkofunika pa anthu ambiri - musaiwale za chitetezo. Mercury konse kwambiri kuchoka Sun, chotero diso, ndi zipangizo ayenera kutetezedwa kuwala kwake.

An malo abwino kusunga dziko pafupi ndi nyale - phiri Observatory ndi M'madera a zitunda m'munsi. Pamenepa ndi pamene zakuthambo akubwera mpweya wabwino, ndi wopanda mitambo kumwamba, yochepa nthawi ya madzulo.

Kuti kuonerera lapansi lidathandiza kukhazikitsa mfundo yakuti Mercury alibe mlengalenga. telesikopu amphamvu analola kuti tikambirane mbali zambiri za dziko la pamwamba zimachititsa chilumbachi ndi kuwerengera ndi zoyerekeza kusiyana kutentha pa kuunikiridwa ndi poipira. Komatu flights AMS (basi interplanetary okwerera) akhoza kukuunikirani makhalidwe ena a dzikoli, ndi kulongosola bwino deta analandira.

"Woyendetsa Chombo 10"

Mu mbiri yonse ya kufufuza danga kuti Mercury izo anatumiza mabomba awiri okha. Chifukwa - yovuta kwambiri ndi yokwera mtengo kuzemba kuti chofunika kwa kutuluka siteshoni mpita wa dziko. Coyamba anapita ku Mercury "Woyendetsa Chombo 10". Mu 1974-1975, iye anawulukira katatu dziko yapafupi ndi dzuwa. Mtunda osachepera umene umawalekanitsa zida ndi Mercury anali 320 Km. "Woyendetsa Chombo 10" opatsirana Padziko Lapansi ochepa zithunzi zikwi padziko lathuli. Iwo anali anajambula 45% ya Mercury. "Woyendetsa Chombo 10" anayeza pamwamba kutentha pa kuunikiridwa ndi mbali mdima, ndipo lathuli maginito. Komanso, unit anapeza malo Mercury ndi pafupifupi sanali sakupezeka, m'malo ndi chipolopolo zonyalazo mpweya, gawo la zomwe helium alipo.

"Mtumiki"

Chachiwiri AMC anatumiza kwa Mercury, wakhala "Mtumiki." Inayamba mu August 2004. Iye anadutsa pa Dziko Lapansi chifaniziro cha pamwamba mbali, amene si analanda "Woyendetsa Chombo 10", anayeza alili lathuli, zimaphala anayang'ana mu paima Madontho a nkhani osadziwika mdima (mwina zizindikiro kwa zotsatira kugwa kwa miyala yochokera), nthawi zambiri zikuchitika apa. Unit kuphunzira ndimakwiya dzuwa, ndi magnetosphere wa Mercury, gasi envelopu ake.

cholinga chake "Mtumiki" linamalizidwa mu 2015. Iye anagwa ku Mercury, kusiya Chigwa kwambiri padziko ndi mamita 15.

Kodi pali chikhalidwe pa Mercury?

Ngati mwawerenga mosamala malemba yapita, mungaone kutsutsana pang'ono. Pa dzanja limodzi, kuzipenya pansi ofotokoza anasonyeza kuti kusapezeka kwa mtundu uliwonse anali chipolopolo mpweya. Pa ena, unit "Woyendetsa Chombo 10" opatsirana Padziko Lapansi mfundo malinga ndi zomwe dziko Mercury m'mlengalenga awonongedwa ndi lili helium. Mu asayansi uthenga komanso zadabwitsa. Ndipo si kuti zinali zotsutsana ndi kuyang'anila m'mbuyomu. Monga Mercury ali makhalidwe Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti mapangidwe gasbag lapansi.

Kodi m'mlengalenga? Izi mipweya, kosakhazikika amene asunga pamwamba mungathe yokoka yekha zina phindu. Small mfundo danga Mercury anayerekezera zimene sangathe kudzitama. Mphamvu yokoka padziko ake katatu zosakwana Padziko Lapansi. Choncho, dziko analephera kusunga osati helium ndi wa hydrogen, koma mpweya komanso ankawonjezereka. Komabe, anatulukira helium "Woyendetsa Chombo 10".

kutentha

Pali chinthu china chimene amatulutsa sitikuzidziwa kuli mpweya Mercury a. Izi pamwamba kutentha kwa dzikoli. Mercury mu ngwazi ili nkhani. Masana kutentha pamwamba zina ukufika 420-450 ° C. Woterowo makhalidwe a mamolekyulu ndi maatomu mpweya anayamba kusunthira mofulumira ndipo pang'onopang'ono kufika kuthawa mathamangidwe, kuti, padziko kanthu ungasunge. Pa kutentha kwa Mercury ayenera ayambe "kuthawira" ndi helium chomwecho. lingaliro ndi kuti asakhale pa dziko pafupi dzuwa konse, ndipo pafupifupi mphindi mapangidwe ake.

udindo wapadera

Koma yankho la funso ngati kuli chikhalidwe pa Mercury, ndi zabwino, ngakhale yosiyana ndi zimene nthawi zobisika kuseri lingaliro ili zakuthambo. Chifukwa chotero wosangalatsa ndipo nthawi yomweyo zinthu zili zenizeni zokhudza lagona mu wapadera malo dzikoli. The moyandikana wa zounikira ndi Mzimuyo ambiri mwa makhalidwe a thupi dziko, ndi mlengalenga Mercury si zosiyana.

Envelopu gaseous wa dziko kaŵirikaŵiri ndi otchedwa mphepo dzuwa. Iwo anachokera mu korona wa kuwala ndipo umaimira otaya mtima, mapulotoni, ma elekitironi ndi helium. Ndi mphepo ya dzuwa kuti Mercury anapulumutsa gawo watsopano wa chinthu oyaka. Popanda kudya amenewa helium kuti zathaŵa padziko lathuli kwa pafupi zaka mazana awiri masiku.

Mercury mlengalenga: zikuchokera

maphunziro mosamala athandiza kuzindikira ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimapanga dziko gasbag. Mercury m'mlengalenga mulinso wa hydrogen, mpweya, potaziyamu, calcium ndi sodium wochuluka. Chiwerengero cha zinthu izi ndi otsika. Komanso chikhalidwe cha dziko Mercury yodziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa kuda mpweya.

Air thumba ochepa kwambiri. Mamolekyulu mpweya m'menemo kwenikweni si kucheza ndi mnzake, koma kugwedera pamwamba popanda mwansanga ndi mwansanga. Asayansi anatha kukhazikitsa zinthu zimene zimachititsa pamaso pa mlengalenga Mercury a. Hayidirojeni, ngati helium, umaperekedwa kwa pamwamba pake ndi mphepo dzuwa. Gwero la zinthu zina ndi dziko palokha kapena meteorites kugwa pa izo. Zinkakhalira Mercury, zikuchokera umene ankafuna kuti kuphunzira bwino m'tsogolo, mwina anapanga ndi evaporation a miyala mchikakamizo cha mphepo dzuwa, kapena mayamwidwe ku matumbo a dziko. N'kutheka kumathandiza kuti aliyense wa mfundozi.

Choncho, mtundu wa m'mlengalenga chifukwa Mercury? Mwamphamvu ochepa ongokhala helium, wa hydrogen, kuda zitsulo soda ndi mpweya. Nthawi zambiri mu mabuku ilo likutchedwa exosphere, mizere kunsi kwa Mosiyana kwambiri ndi chigoba cha mooneka Mwachitsanzo, pa Dziko Lapansi.

Ngakhale mavuto onse mu mndandanda wa zolinga danga kafukufuku akadali kutchulidwa ndi dziko Mercury. M'mlengalenga ndi pamwamba pa thupi lakumwamba mwina si nthawi ina zowonjezera kuphunzira ntchito zosiyanasiyana zipangizo. Mercury akadali zikhoza zambiri chidwi ndi losadziwika. Komanso, phunziro la mapulaneti, ngati Venus, Mars kapena Mercury, iwo mosatsata mpweya kapena ayi, umanena mbiri ya mapangidwe ndi zamoyo wa Dziko Lapansi.