History ndi malongosoledwe a Eyjafjallajökull kuphulika

Kuyambira nthawi makedzana, mapiri ndi mantha ndi chidwi ndi munthuyo. iwo akhoza kugona kwa zaka zambiri. Chitsanzo ndi mbiri posachedwapa wa Eyjafjallajökull kuphulika. Anthu nakulitsa minda kumapiri a moto m'phiri, kukwera nsonga, nyumba. Koma posapita nthawi moto kupuma phiri n'kudzuka, izo adzawononga ndi tsoka.

Ndi glacier chimodzi waukulu kwambiri Iceland, yomwe ili kum'mwera 125 Km kum'mawa kwa Reykjavik. Pansi ndi pafupi glacier pang'ono amabisa Myurdalsyokudl kuphulika ndi mawonekedwe conical.

Kutalika kwa nsonga ya glacier mamita 1666, kukula kwake - 100 makilomita lalikulu. Chigwa chiphala kufika m'mimba mwake wa 4 Km. Zaka zisanu zapitazo, malo otsetsereka ake ataphimbidwa ndi oundana. Yapafupi mudzi - m'mudzi skógar ili kum'mwera kwa glacier. Kuyambira pano kunayamba mtsinje Skougau, ndi wotchuka mathithi skógafoss.

The Chiayisilandiki kuphulika Eyjafjallajökull - chiyambi cha dzina la

Dzina Volcano amachokera ku mawu atatu Chiayisilandiki osonyeza Island glacier ndi phiri. Mwina chifukwa chake ndi kovuta kutchula ndi bwino kusungidwa. Monga akatswiri a zinenero kunena, ndi mbali yaing'ono chabe ya anthu lapansili kutchula molondola - phiri Eyjafjallajökull. Tamasulira kuchokera ku mawu Chiayisilandiki mawu zikumveka ngati "chilumba phiri glacier."

Volcano palibe dzina

Monga, mawu akuti "kuphulika Eyjafjallajökull" analowa lotanthauzira mawu a dziko mu 2010. Ndi oseketsa, pamene muona kuti mfundo moto kupuma mapiri a dzina lomweli kulibe m'chilengedwe. Mu Iceland, ambiri oundana ndi mapiri. Otsiriza pachilumba za makumi atatu. Pa makilomita 125 kuchokera Reykjavik, kum'mwera kwa Iceland, ndi glacier mwachilungamo lalikulu. Zinali iye amene anali dzina lake ndi phiri Eyjafjallajökull.

Malowa ali pamtunda pansi phiri, limene kwa zaka zambiri sanabwere ndi dzina. Iye ali wopanda dzina. Mu April 2010, mantha onse a ku Ulaya kuti nthawi zina kukhala newsmaker lonse. Pofuna kumutchula kuti mayina chiphalaphala TV linafunsidwa kutchula dzina lake glacier - Eyjafjallajokull. Pofuna kusokoneza owerenga, ife amanena kuti iye bwino.

mafotokozedwe

Chiayisilandiki kuphulika Eyyafyatlayokudl stratovolcano ndi zina. Mu mawu ena, aumbike mwa zigawo angapo phirilo curable osakaniza chiphalaphala, phulusa, miyala etc.

Iceland a Eyjafjallajokull kuphulika ndi mphamvu kwa zaka 700 000, koma kuyambira 1823 izo zimachitika m'gulu la kugona. Iwo akunena kuti kuyambira chiyambi cha m'ma XIX kuphulika sizinapezekebe lokhazikika. Makamaka chifukwa nkhawa asayansi boma Eyjafjallajokull phiri samaperekedwa. Iwo apeza kuti ali linaphulika kangapo pa Zakachikwi zapitazi. Komabe, izi maonekedwe a ntchito akhoza zimachitika bata - iwo analibe ngozi kwa anthu. Monga zikalata zikusonyeza kuphulika lomaliza sanali osiyanasiyana mpweya lalikulu la phulusa la chiphala chamoto, chiphalaphala ndi mpweya otentha.

Irish Eyjafjallajokull kuphulika - nkhani ya kuphulika wina

Monga tanenera kale, pambuyo kuphulika kwa phiri mu 1823 anazindikira tulo. Kumapeto kwa 2009, chinawonjezeka ntchito zivomerezi. Mpaka March 2010, panali pafupifupi zikwi zivomezi zina mphamvu mfundo 1-2. chisangalalo Izi zinachitika pa akuya pafupifupi 10 Km.

Mu February 2010, antchito a Institute of Iceland nyengo ndi thandizo la GPS-miyezo analembedwa Malo kusamutsidwa glacier wa kutumphuka dziko lapansi mpaka 3 masentimita kum'mwera chakum'mawa. Ntchito anapitiriza kukula ndipo anafika pachimake 3 - 5 March. Panthawi imeneyi, izo zinalembedwa inagwedezeka zikwi zitatu tsiku.

Poyembekezera kuphulika kwa

M'dera la ngozi kuzungulira phiri akuluakulu anaganiza zoti asachoke 500 m'deralo, kuopa madzi anasefukira m'derali yomwe ungamuphe kwambiri kusungunuka kwa madzi oundana, kuphimba Iceland a Eyjafjallajokull kuphulika. Monga kukonzekereratu, ife anatseka International Airport Keflavik.

Pa March 19, concussion anasamukira ku kum'mawa kwa Chigwa kumpoto. Iwo amapatutsidwa pa akuya 4 - 7 km. Ntchito pang'onopang'ono kufalitsa zina kum'mawa, ndipo kenaka utentha mamba zinachitika pafupi pamwamba.

Pa 23:00 pa April 13 asayansi Iceland zivomerezi ntchito m'chigawo chapakati chamoto wakhala mapulani kumadzulo kwa ming'alu awiri. Patatha ola limodzi, anayamba zotupa moti latsopano kum'mwera kwa caldera chapakati. Lawi la phulusa otentha anakonzeka 8 Km.

Ndili ndi kutalika china mng'alu pa makilomita 2. Glacier anayamba mwachangu kusungunula ndi madzi asefukira onse kumpoto ndi kum'mwera m'madera asezare. Mwamsanga anthu 700 anasamutsidwa. Masana Sungunulani madzi njanji anasefukira galimoto, popeza poyamba anawononga. Mu madipoziti kum'mwera Iceland a chiphala phulusa analemba.

Ndi April 16, ndi ndime ya phulusa anafika makilomita 13. Izi asayansi mantha. Pamene phulusa adzafikira msinkhu wa makilomita oposa 11 pamwamba pa nyanja, izo likulowerera mu stratosphere ndi akhoza anasamutsa pa mtunda wautali. Kufala kwa phulusa kum'mawa anathandiza anticyclone amphamvu pa kumpoto Atlantic.

Kuphulika lomaliza

Zinali March 20, 2010. Tsiku limeneli linayamba kuphulika lotsiriza la phiri ku Iceland. Eyjafjallajokull potsiriza anagalamuka ku 23:30 GMT. Mu kum'mawa kwa glacier anapanga kugaŵikana, kutalika umene unali pafupi 500 meters.

Pa nthawi iyi, izo sizinalembedwe mpweya lalikulu phulusa. April 14 kuphulika itakula. Zinali ndiye, ndipo panali mphamvu umuna ndalama yaikulu phulusa la chiphala chamoto. Pa nkhani imeneyi zinali chatsekedwa airspace pa mbali ya Europe mpaka 20 April 2010. Apo zochepa flights mu May 2010. Akatswiri amanena mphamvu ya kuphulika pa VEI lonse mfundo 4.

phulusa oopsa

Tikumbukenso kuti palibe chachilendo sanali khalidwe la phiri Eyjafjallajökull. Pambuyo ntchito zivomerezi, umene unatha miyezi ingapo, m'dera glacier pa usiku wa 20 pa March 21 zinayambira wokongola chete kuphulika. Sikuti nkomwe mu atolankhani. Chirichonse zasintha yekha mu usiku wa 13 pa April 14, pamene kuphulika anapatsidwa ndi kutuluka kwa kuchuluka yaikulu phulusa la chiphala chamoto, ndi mzati wake anafika kutalika kwambiri.

kugwa chifukwa chakuti zoyendera mpweya?

Ndi ponena kuti kuyambira March 20, 2010 pa Old World zoyendera mphepo imene yatsala pang'ono kugwa ofunika. Iye anali kugwirizana ndi mtambo chiphala kuti walenga mwadzidzidzi wawadzutsa kuphulika Eyjafjallajökull. Kumene napezanso mphamvu kuti akhale chete m'zaka za m'ma XIX phiri silikudziwika, koma pang'onopang'ono mtambo waukulu wa phulusa, amene anayamba kupanga pa April 14, waphimba Europe.

Pambuyo pa kutsekedwa kwa airspace zinafa ndege oposa mazana atatu ku Ulaya. zizindikiro zambiri anapulumutsa chiphala phulusa ndi akatswiri Russian. Mu dziko lathu, kuti yatsekeredwa kapena kwathunthu zimafika mazana a ndege. Anthu zikwizikwi, kuphatikizapo ku Russia, vuto kuyembekezera kusintha mu ndege padziko lonse.

Mtambo wa phulusa la chiphala kusewera ndi anthu, tsiku kusintha malangizo ndi mwamtheradi "kumvera" akatswiri, otonthoza anthu kusimidwa kuti kuphulika kwa nthaŵi yaitali.

Geophysics nyengo Iceland April 18 anati "RIA NOVOSTI", kuti sanatha kuneneratu nthawi ya zotupa za. Anthu alipo anagwira kwa nthawi yaitali "nkhondo" ndi phiri ndi chiyambi cha kuwerengera awiri.

Oddly zokwanira, koma kudzutsidwa kwa Eyjafjallajökull kuphulika ku Iceland Mthandizi analibe zotsatira chowopsa chirichonse, koma mwina achoke ndi kutsekedwa zosakhalitsa ndege.

Pakuti ku Ulaya ndi ndime yaikulu phulusa la chiphala anakhala tsoka, ndithudi, mu zoyendera mbali. Izi zinachitika chifukwa chakuti chiphala phulusa ali thupi katundu kuti n'zoopsa kwambiri kuyendetsa ndege. Pamene jekeseni wa chopangira mphamvu la ndegeyo ndi kuwaletsa injini, amene ayenera kutsogolera ku ngozi yoopsa.

Chiopsezo kuti ndege pa nthawi kumawonjezera chifukwa woipa lalikulu la phulusa la chiphala mu mlengalenga, zomwe kwambiri amachepetsa aone. Izi ndi owopsa pa njira. phulusa la chiphala zingachititse wonongeka wa pa bolodi zamagetsi ndi wailesi zida limene chitetezo cha ndege kumadalira.

zomvetsa

Kuphulika kwa phiri Eyjafjallajokull wabweretsa zomvetsa makampani European alendo. Iwo amati zomvetsa zawo zambiri kuposa $ biliyoni 2.3, ndi kuwononga kumenya tsiku pa thumba, zinali pafupifupi $ 400 miliyoni

Losses anali okwana ndege mwalamulo zopanda $ 1.7 biliyoni. Kudzutsidwa kwa mapiri moto anakhudzidwa 29% ya ndege dziko. Lililonse kuphulika tsiku akapolo anakhala anthu okwana miliyoni.

Iye anavutika ndi Russian "Aeroflot". Pa kutsekera kwa mizere pamwamba pa Europe kampani alibe kumvera mwa nyengo 362 ndege. Losses mamiliyoni ake a madola.

maganizo a akatswiri

Akatswiri amanena kuti mtambo chiphala kwenikweni ndi ngozi yaikulu ndege. Pamene kugundidwa ndi oyendetsa anati aone osauka kwambiri. Adakwera zamagetsi ntchito ndi disruptions lalikulu.

Chifukwa kunyezimira "malaya" pa masamba ozungulira, clogging orifices amene ntchito kupereka mpweya injini ndi madera ena a ndegeyo, angachititse kulephera kwawo. Ndi mgwirizano umenewu ndi akapitao a airships lapansi.

Katla kuphulika

Pambuyo oipa a ntchito za Eyjafjallajökull chiphalaphala asayansi ambiri ananeneratu ngakhale amphamvu kwambiri kuphulika kwa wina Chiayisilandiki moto phiri - Katla. Izo ali wamkulu ndi wamphamvu kuposa Eyjafjallajokull.

The ziwiri zapitazi Zakachikwi, pamene anthu anaonera kuphulika kwa Eyjafjallajökull, Pambuyo imeneyi ya miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, chakumene ndi Katla.

mapiri izi zili kumwera kwa Iceland, pa mtunda wa makilomita khumi Chrixitu. Iwo amagawira dongosolo wamba njira mobisa chiphalaphala. Katla Chigwa ili pansi pa mýrdalsjökull glacier. Malo a 700 sq. Km, makulidwe - mamita 500. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti m'zaka kuphulika kwa phulusa mu mlengalenga imagwera kakhumi kuposa mu 2010. Koma mwamwayi, ngakhale maulosi oopsa asayansi, Katla koma palibe zizindikiro za moyo.