Chiphunzitso Basic zachuma monga maziko a ntchito bwino mtundu uliwonse

Aliyense bizinesi ndipo chilichonse chochitika zikhazikitsidwe kudziwa zachuma. Only luso yosanthula ntchito za bungwe lokhudza chuma cha zinthu zilili msika amalola kukhala ndi kothandiza ndiponso yopindulitsa ntchito za bungwe. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake woyang'anira iliyonse, woyang'anira ndipo, ndithudi, zachuma ayenera kudziwa ndizosowa chiphunzitso zachuma. Ndipotu, icho chiri magwero onse asapita ano chofunika ndalama, mfundo za machitidwe a msika ndi chitsanzo ake chitukuko zachokera ziphunzitso za anthu aakulu amene akhala pa pepala ndi kuchita kuti kudziwa ndi cholowa ndizosowa kukonza mapulani ndiponso kuwunika.

Chikhazikitso cha chiphunzitso zachuma zikuphatikizapo nambala yaikulu nkhani zomwe maonekedwe, mapangidwe ndi chitukuko cha ganizo zachuma ndi chuma lonse wonse tiyerekeze. Chiyambi cha ndondomeko ya kubadwa kwa sayansi pamenepa, anthu akale - Aristotle ndi Xenophon. Iyo inali nthawi yoyamba iwo amagwiritsa ntchito mawu monga "ndalama". Liwu limeneli lili ndi mizu Greek ndipo pa nthawi akutanthauzanji sayansi mwa zipinda.

Ziphunzitso ndi kusinkhasinkha Xenophon wakhala kusintha malamulo a anthu akale. The woyamba anali Montchretien likuimira woyamba sukulu zachuma - merkantelizma sukulu. Mu chiwerengero cha ichi kayendedwe otsatira sayansi chuma wakhala ankamuona ngati malamulo a wakhala osauka ayi m'banja chokha, komanso lonse chuma chikhalidwe wonse.

anathandiza kuti ndizosowa chiphunzitso yazachuma Physiocrats (Quesnay ndi Turgot), kuganizira ulimi monga njira yopezera ndalama zikuluzikulu ndi osatsutsika. Chakale School anaphunzira chuma ndale chifukwa chakuti sayansi ino yachokera pa maziko anayakira chiphunzitso cha mtengo ntchito. Pankhaniyi, ndiwo patsogolo a oyambitsa ake (Smith ndi Ricardo) anawona kupanga ndi ufulu asapita msika.

Kumene, mbali yaikulu mu chitukuko cha maziko a chiphunzitso zachuma ndi mafanizo amenewa otaya, monga Marxist chuma ndale. oimira ake olemekezeka kwambiri ndipo anayambitsa - Marx ndi Chichewa - amanena kuti wotukuka wa anthu - sosholisimu, mu renunciation wodzala pretensions capitalist ndi gulu la boma, akanasankha ndi anthu woyenera.

Mawu akuti "chuma" anadziwana ndi nthumwi za sukulu neoclassical Marshall. Zinali iye amene anayamba kufufuza ndi kuphunzira mfundo za mapangidwe mitengo msika ndi zinthu zokhudza izo. Okhulupirira chiphunzitso chimenechi kusanthula mogwirizana a kapezedwe ndi kufunika monga mmene wogulitsa ndi wogula, khalidwe lawo ndi mavuto amaganizo kulimbikitsa kusankha kwawo.

Keynes (adayambitsa sukulu Keynesian) kukonza mfundo za chiphunzitso zachuma, zochokera neoclassical, kukhulupirira kuti msika limagwirira sangakhale kudziletsa chilangizo - kukula wathanzi ndi chitukuko cha kufunika kwa alowererepo boma mu mawonekedwe a mfundo zachuma ndi ndalama. Wotsatira wa kukuchititsa zimenezi m'dera nchito, amene anayambitsa chiphunzitso cha anthu positi-mafakitale.

Timadziwa kuti amanena kuti sukulu aliyense amaona chuma kwa munthu amene ali yabwino kwa iwo m'manja mwa Zochita zawo choncho pali n'zosatheka zolinga, sangathe kulibe mosalekeza zikuluzikulu zina zofunika. Chiphunzitso sangathe kwathunthu ndinazolowera tikukumana, kotero chiphunzitso ano chuma akonzedwa a maganizo, lowonjezera ndi zosiyanasiyana mfundo, mfundo ndi axioms.