Azungu - ndi anzeru, amene ali chuma cha Russia

Mu kuphunzira ganizo chikhalidwe mu Russia n'zosatheka kupita zapitazi 40 ntchentche za m'ma 19, pamene lingaliro anapanga Slavophiles ndi azungu. mikangano yawo sanali pa atumwi wotsiriza ndi kukhalabe kufunika ndale, makamaka zochitika posachedwapa.

Zinkakhalira zaka za m'ma 19

Mu zaka za m'ma 19, Russia linali dziko ndi dziko la mode ang'onoang'ono kupanga, mosiyana ku Ulaya ndondomeko kuphatikiza ubale capitalist bourgeois. Choncho, kuchuluka backwardness chuma cha Russian Ufumu, amene anapereka nthawi kuganizira kufunika kwa kusintha. Ndi chachikulu, iwo anayamba kubwerera Peter choyamba, koma zotsatira zake zinali osakwanira. Pa nthawi yomweyo asapita bourgeois anamenyera njira yawo ku Ulaya kudzera mwa kusintha, magazi ndi chiwawa. Amalimbikitsa mpikisano, zakulitsa kuzunzidwa. mfundo posachedwapa anauzira anthu ambiri a ganizo dziko chikhalidwe. Pali kutsutsana zomveka ndithu za chitukuko tsogolo la dziko, m'pamenenso kuti anathamangira ngakhale kuti mafumu mu ndondomeko ya mkati ndi mzake. Slavophiles ndi azungu - njira ziwiri zosiyana kwa Russia, koma aliyense anali kubweretsa izo kwa kutukuka.

Poyankha kayendedwe ka Slavophiles

Pafupifupi zaka mazana aŵiri mwa magulu chapamwamba boma Russian unakhazikitsidwa maganizo poklonnicheskoe kwa Europe ndi zina zomwe ake. Russia ochuluka losandulizika, kuyesera amafanana ndi m'mayiko a Azungu. A. S. Homyakov woyamba chikalata pachionetsero ganizo anthu za njira yapadera ya chitukuko cha mkhalidwe wathu - pamaziko a collectivism, amene kumaonekera m'dera lakumidzi. Izi kumatha kufunika kwa kutsindika backwardness mphamvu ndi wofanana Europe. Mozungulira anasonyeza mfundozo anzeru united, makamaka olemba. Iwo anali kudziŵika kuti Slavophiles. Azungu - mtundu wa yankho kuyenda pamwamba. Oimira Westernism, potengera maganizo a Georga Gegelya, anaona azimuth osakwatira chitukuko cha mayiko onse a dziko.

Madziko nthanthi ya azungu

Mu mbiri ya malingaliro adawomba anafunsa Paulo Gauguin: "Ndani ife komwe ???". Ponena za gawo lotsiriza ilo linali allocated mfundo zitatu za view. Ena ananena kuti ziwole anthu. Ena - chokwawa bwalo, ndiko m'zinthu. Komabe ena ankanena kuti m'kati. Azungu - ndi anzeru omwe ali nawo malingaliro masika. Iwo anakhulupirira kuti mbiri mwapang'onopang'ono, ali vekitala mmodzi wa chitukuko, ndi Europe patsogolo m'madera ena padziko lapansi ndi kumatanthauza njira kuti adzapita anthu ena onse. Choncho, mayiko onse, komanso Russia, ayenera kuganizira zomwe wa chitukuko European m'madera onse a anthu mosachotsera.

Against azungu Slavophiles

Choncho, mu 40s kwa zaka za m'ma 19 linali maganizo atasemphana "Slavophiles - azungu". tebulo A kuyerekezera Zikhulupiriro zikuluzikulu za bwino kusonyeza maganizo awo pa zinthu zakale ndi tsogolo la boma la Russia.

oimira Azungu

Yofunika kwambiri kusintha kwambiri bourgeois 60-70s ankaimba azungu. Oyimira a maganizo onse anali ndi maganizo inspirers cha masinthidwe a boma, koma iwo ankagwira chitukuko. Choncho, udindo yogwira chikhalidwe wotanganidwa Konstantin Kavelin, amene analemba "Dziwani pa amasulidwe Amaya." Timofey Granovsky, katswiri wa mbiri, kulimbikitsa kupitiriza kusintha zidayika m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu, kufufuza choonadi cha mfundo yogwira boma. Mozungulira iye ndipo pamodzi anthu amaganizo amodzi, monga Turgenev, Botkin, M. Katkov, Vernadsky, B. Chicherin. Azungu malingaliro ndi maziko a kusintha kwambiri pang'onopang'ono kwa zaka za m'ma 19 - milandu, amene anaika maziko a lamulo ndiponso anthu wamba.

Tsoka la Azungu

Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti njira ya chitukuko cha gulu linalake paphwando kugawikana wake zina, mwachitsanzo kugawanika. Nazonso, ndi azungu. Izi likukhudza kwambiri choyamba kubadwa kuunikila magulu kwakukulu akulengeza njira chosintha ya kusintha. Pamafunikanso Belinsky, N. Ogarev, ndipo, ndithudi, Alexander Herzen. Nthawi zina siteji, izo zinachitika slavophiles mgwirizano ndi azungu chosintha amene amakhulupirira kuti ulimi am'mgulu akhoza kukhala maziko a zipangizo tsogolo anthu. Koma sizinali mwachangu. Nthawi zambiri, atasemphana maganizo njira yoyambirira ya chitukuko Russia ndi ku udindo wapadera wa chitukuko m'dziko lapansi, ndi kufunika lathu ovomereza-Western anakhalabe. Panopa kugawaniza zimagwiritsa mu dera ndale, omwe kuoneka azungu. Oyimira a gulu mokomera kusakanikirana mu European Union, powona monga momwe kunja kwa impasse wa chitukuko chimene m'gulu koma mu nthawi ya kumanga zokomera.