"Armenia" (m'chombo). Tsoka kwa zaka za m'ma 20

"Armenia" - sitima, ndiyo imfa ya nthawi yaitali kubisala mphamvu. Pafupifupi zikwi aphedwa pa bolodi pa nagonjetsa German pa Sevastopol. November 7, 1941, tsiku la perete pa Red Square, panali izi mavutowa. Pa chakumwera kwa Crimea anapita pansi pa "Armenia" - sitima, omwe anali m'gulu la zombo yabwino ya Black Sea zombo. Tsoka limene izo sankandilola chilichonse lipoti. wachinsinsi yekha monga "pamwamba chinsinsi" inajambulidwa mu 1989 ndi buku lofalitsidwa ndi Commissariat Anthu a USSR apanyanja, amene ananena za ngozi imeneyi. Panalibe mwatsatanetsatane - mouma yekha lipoti ndondomeko ndi chiwonongeko cha zombo nkhondowo ndi ziwiya, kuphatikizapo chotengera cha chidwi.

Zochita za m'chombo "Armenia"

Sitimayo galimoto lalembedwa ndi akatswiri motsogozedwa ndi J. Koperzhinskogo, mlengi aakulu. Mu November 1928, izo unayambitsidwa. chombo uyu anali mmodzi wa pamwamba zombo zonyamula zisanu kuti ndinawapanikiza Nyanja Black. Ikuthamanga osiyanasiyana "Armenia" anali 4,600 mailosi. "Armenia" - sitima, amene akanatha kunyamula m'basimo 518 mu cabins kalasi, 317 okwera sitimayo ndi 125 "makhalidwe" ndi kulemera matani mpaka 1 zikwi .. Pankhaniyi chombo akhoza kufika liwiro 27 km / h. Six la zombo bwino (kupatula "Armenia", amaphatikiza "Abkhazia", "Ukraine", "Adjara", "Georgia" ndi "Crimea") anayamba kutumikira mzere Odessa - mzinda wa Batumi - Odessa. ziwiya awa amadutsa zikwi okwera mpaka 1941

The galimoto chombo akukhala mwaukhondo ndi zoyendera bwato

"Armenia" ndi chiyambi cha nkhondo ya mopupuluma kumangidwanso mu ukhondo zoyendera sitimayo. Kusuta chipinda anali n'kukhala mankhwala, malo odyera lidzasinthidwa Mavalidwe ndi zikugwira ntchito hammocks zina anapangidwa cabins lapansi. Plaushevsky Vladimir Yakovlevich, amene panthawiyo anali ndi zaka 39, anasankhidwa mkulu. XO anakhala Znayunenko Nikolai Fadeevich. The gulu la "Armenia" unali ndi anthu 96, ndipo 75 anamwino, 29 anamwino ndi madokotala 9. Dmitrievskiy Petr Andreevich, mutu dokotala mzinda wa Odessa Railway Hospital, zomwe ziri zodziwika bwino kwa anthu ambiri mu mzinda uno, anakhala mutu wa ndodo zachipatala. Pa sitimayo ndiponso m'mbali panali kuwala mitanda wofiira, kuoneka bwino mpweya. Large mbendera yoyera ndi chithunzi Red Cross anaukitsidwa pa mlongoti waukulu.

Komabe, zonsezi sanali kupulumutsa zombo kuchipatala. Ndege Goering ku masiku choyamba cha nkhondo anatenga anawazunza iwo. Ambulansi "Anton Chekhov" ndi "Kotovsky" zinawonongeka mu July 1941. A "Adjara", matenda ndi madzi yoponya mabomba moto, m'mavuto kutsogolo kwa onse Odessa. Tsoka chomwecho anachitika mu August ndi "Kuban".

Zoyenereza za "Armenia"

The Red Army, mbamuikha ndi mdani, anataya katundu wolemera mu nkhondo aukali. Panali ambiri anavulazidwa. Pa bolodi "Armenia" zonse nyengo usana ndi usiku anamwino ntchito. Chotengera 15 wachita amazipanga zovuta ndi zoopsa ndege ya molasidwa. "Armenia" wakhala amadutsa pafupi 16 chikwi. Asilikali, osati kuphatikizapo okalamba, akazi ndi ana amene anayikidwa mu cabins a ogwira ntchito.

Imeneyo ndiyo mbiri mwachidule za m'chombo "Armenia."

chitetezo chotengera

Adakali kwambiri chinsinsi mu zochitika za imfa ya sitimayo. The "Chronicle wa Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo ..." declassified mu 1989, ananena kuti ngalawa "Armenia" (chithunzi pamwambapa), "Kuban", komanso maphunziro ngalawa "Dnepr" zouluka ku Odessa ndi wowonongayo "opanda chifundo". Ndithudi, izi amapulumutsa zombo chifukwa cholumidwa ndi ndege German.

Manstein ndi 2 Army akubwera mofulumira Crimea. Lamulo la Black Sea zombo sanali wokonzeka kuukira. Pamaso nkhondo, kokoka Navy zinali zochepa chabe kwa nkhondo ndi "chiwonongeko" za kuwonongeka amphibious. Palibe nawo akanakhala kuti Sevastopol adzakhala ndi kuteteza ku dziko.

Yonyamula anthu anavulazidwa ndi anasamutsidwa

The Germany atangomva kulamulira maulendo onse m'dziko. Wamba mu chilumba (miliyoni 1) amakopeka. asilikali ophunzitsidwa anatsutsa Hitler mbali anthuwo wa Red Army. Iwo sanapereke Russian mwayi waukulu kuti apambane. Anthu a chilumba Crimea kumayambirilo a November 1941 anayamba massively imbuluke. M'mizinda na njira ya asilikali Nazi anayamba kuda nkhawa. Anthu anali tisalankhule malo zoyendera iliyonse.

M'misewu ya Sevastopol mu October ndi November 1941, chisokonezo analamulira. Ku mzinda anasamutsidwa zonse n'zotheka. Zipatala, yokonzedwa Sevastopol ndi tambirimbiri anali wodzala wovulalayo, koma wina analamula achoke atangochimwa ndodo lonse zachipatala. Kale lero, akuyandikira mzindawo kuchokera pawindo basi kapena sitima m'dera Inkerman muona boulders yaikulu ndi milu ya miyala. Yawoyo zipatala amene anali tambirimbiri lapansi. Only pang'ono anavulazidwa anasamutsidwa kuchoka kumeneko ndi zombo pa malamulo Stalin. E. Nikolayeva, namwino chipatala ikusonyeza kuti mumphangayo ndi "sanali transportable" mwamphamvu kuti ovulala mulibe kwa mdani. nthumwi SMERSH anatsogolera zikutchinga. madokotala awiri akana kusamuka. Iwo anaphedwa pamodzi ndi molasidwa.

FS Oktyabrsky, wotsatila asilikali Black Sea zombo, nthawi zonse unachitikira pa lokha wowonongayo "Olimba". Iye shied kuchokera ntchito zokhudzana ndi chitetezo cha chipatala ndi zonyamula ziwiya ndi mapangidwe convoys pamene kuwoloka. Oktyabrsky ankaona kuti nkhani zimenezi ayenera kuthetsedwa wamba zombo Ngopambana. Ichi chinali chimodzi mwa zifukwa zimene pansi pa Nyanja Black kunapezeka ambiri la ngalawa yabwino zonyamula anthu ali kumeneko.

n'chiyani chinapangitsa kuti tsokalo

Malinga ndi mboni ndi zikalata anaona kuti anali kukonzanso zinthu za m'mbuyomo ndi kupalasa ngalawa "Armenia" November 6, 1941 chombo chidali misewu lamkati. "Armenia" mopupuluma Panafunika othawa kwawowo ndi anthu wamba ovulala. The vuto m'chombocho mantha kwambiri. German mabomba kuyamba pa mphindi iliyonse. Mtokoma wa Zombo Zankhondo za Black Sea zombo m'nyanja mkulu wa October, kuphatikizapo cruiser "Molotov" kumene makina ounikira sitima ndi siteshoni okha Navy "Redoubt-K."

Mu kwaokha Bay, koma "Armenia" katundu ngalawa "Bialystok". "Crimea" anatenga anthu komanso makina doko Morzavoda. The Mumakonda pa zombo zimenezi ikuchitika mosalekeza. Plaushevsky, mkulu wa "Armenia", analamulidwa kuyenda kuchokera Sevastopol maola 19 pa November 6. chombo amayenera kutsata Tuapse. Only yaing'ono sitima zapamadzi chaser molamulidwa ndi PA Kulashova, mkulu okalamba, anauzidwa kuti apite.

Kunyamuka "Armenia"

Captain Plaushevsky ankadziwa kuti usiku uno mdima, limodzi okhoza kokha kupereka chozemba riverboat boti ndi kutetezera adani. Kodi atapita ndi kudabwa kapitawo, pamene anauzidwa kuti achoke mu mzindawo si mu madzulo, ndi maola 17, kudakali kuwala. Pambuyo pa imfa ya sitimayo ukhondo "Armenia" mu Pankhaniyi linali pafupi.

Atachoka maola 17 Sebastopol chombo nakocheza pa Yalta pokhapokha maola 9, T. E. pafupifupi 2 koloko. Oona za mbiri apeza kuti njira wakhala analandira malamulo atsopano: kupita Balaclava ndi kutolapo antchito NKVD, madokotala ndi ovulala, monga Germany anapitiriza patsogolo.

The linanena bungwe la Yalta ndi imfa "Armenia"

Plaushevskomu inanena kuti akuluakulu NKVD, olimbikitsa chipani ndi zipatala 11 ovulala kuyembekezera potsegula ku Yalta. Pamene asilikali FS The October inali kudziŵika kuti "Armenia" nkwa kuchokera Yalta masana, anauza kapitawo kuti zikuyenda maola 19, mpaka mdima. Osachepera, kotero ati zolemba asilikali. The October ananena kuti panalibe ndalama kupereka chikuto chotengera kwa nyanja ndi mpweya. Mkulu anagulidwa, komabe anatuluka Yalta. German oponya zoponya mabomba anaukira mu maola 11. "Armenia" anali kumizidwa. Pambuyo kulowa oponya zinali kuyandama kwa mphindi 4.

Kodi October analamula yopita kapena pambuyo maola 19

Chosowa zikalata amene anawonongedwa mu 1949 ndipo kenako zimamuthandiza mthunzi. Azambiriyakale simungathandize koma akuganiza kuti October anayesa kupeza zaka chowiringula pambuyo pa tsokalo. Koma tiyenera kuzindikira kuti ngati mkulu zombo asilikali ankadziwa zimene zikuchitika ku zamasewero ku nkhondo. Iye ankadziwa pamene sitimayo "Armenia" ndi nthawi imene pamadzi kuchoka ku gombe. The October adadziwa kuti chotengera ichi si Barizilai, ulamuliro wa mlengalenga ndi ndege German ndi chandamale abwino kwa zoponya mabomba madzi ndi oponya ndege. Imfa ya sitimayo "Armenia" mu 1941 mu nkhani ya watsiku zinali zosavuta kuoneratu. Choncho, n'kutheka kuti dongosolo la usiku kudikira, iye anapereka Plaushevskomu. Komabe, ngalawa zinachitikira zinazake yolakwika imene inachititsa kapitawo kusamvera lamulo ili. Izi wina imfa chinsinsi cha ngalawa "Armenia."

Kumvera Plaushevsky

Tiyeni tibwerere kufufuza zochitika. Amadziwika kuti Plaushevskomu pachiyambi kuti kuperekedwa kwa mbuye wakhala anakonza bwino: ndikofunikira kukatenga madokotala ndi wovulazidwa ndi kutsatira kuyambira Sevastopol mu Tuapse usiku. Kenako, dongosolo mwamsanga chinapezeka kuti kupulumutsa ovulala ndi olimbikitsa chipani ayenera kutsatira Yalta. Nthawi "Armenia" kuchokera Sevastopol linasinthidwa - anali kupita maola 2 pamaso maola 17. The kuti lachitatu, amene anaperekedwa kwa kapitawo, zopangidwa iye kukatenga anavulazidwa ndi makonsolo, popanda kupita Balaklava Bay. The kuti wachinayi umene Plaushevsky analandira m'mawa wa November 7 FS The October, analamula kuyenda kuchokera Yalta madzulo, osati pamaso pa maola 19. Mu njira zachilendo kunapezeka kuti kusweka. Woyendetsa anatumiza ngalawa panyanja, "Armenia" amene imfa anakhala mmodzi wa mavuto aakulu a Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo.

Plaushevsky mosakayikira ananyalanyaza kuti yekha chifukwa iye anali kugonjera ulamuliro wina, amene anali m'ndegemo. Iyo inali ndodo ya SMERSH ndi NKVD, anatengedwa pa bolodi. Anthu otsala pa doko, anaonedwa monga Plaushevsky pamaso lamulo pa zotsatira za mooring, anakwiya kwambiri. Iye mvula analumbira ndipo ndinayang'ana ngati chilombo ngodya. Ndipo Plaushevsky zimene anzake analankhula ndi munthu yake kwambiri ndi mwankhanzaku. Kumene, woyendetsa anaopseza kuti anthu amene pachangu kusiya Yalta. Iwo anamulonjeza chilango chifukwa chokana kutsatira.

opulumuka

"Armenia", kofalitsidwa Yalta m'mawa, limodzi ndi alonda a nyanja, nthawi yomweyo anaukira ndi awiri oponya. Iye anali kuyenda, ndi 30 miles. Pambuyo torpedoing chombo chidafika wolimba 4 Mphindi, kenako anamiza sitima "Armenia" (1941, November 7). ndi asanu ndi atatu okha analipo pa bolodi anakwanitsa kuthawa. Mmodzi mwa iwo anali msilikali Burmistrov IA Bocharov ndi kapitawo. Ndinaona imfa ya "Armenia" ndi P. A. Kulashov, mkulu woyamba ndi mkulu wa mlenje apanyanja. Pamene ankapita Sevastopol, ankamufunsa mafunso ndi NKVD kwa mwezi umodzi kenako anamasulidwa.

Kufunafuna "Armenia"

Izo zinachitika kuti mapu sanatchule chimodzimodzi kumene sitimayo Amira, "Armenia." Malo imfa yake zingadziŵike pafupifupi yekha. American ndipo Chiyukireniya kufufuza injini ayesetsa olowa kupeza zotsalira za m'chombo, kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito chida chopezera, "Titanic" submersibles Billard. Takambirana zingapo zotheka osefukira. The ambiri masiku ano dongosolo kufufuza ntchito mu 2008. Anati lalikulu chinafufuzidwa nthawi 27 mmwamba ndi pansi! Mtengo wa maulendowa ndi pafupifupi $ 2 miliyoni. Chifukwa, chinapezeka bwato olowa, ndi wamphepo akale manja kwa zipolopolo. Komabe, sikunali kotheka kuti azindikire mafupa a "Armenia", utali umene unali mamita 110.

Sitingathe kukusalani mosavuta kuti chombo akhoza kuzembera pansi otsetsereka pa kuya kwambiri, komwe amavutika kwambiri. Mwina penapake pali sitima "Armenia" pansi. Photos malo anasonyeza kuti chikhalidwe cha mpumulo wake sakulamulira n'zotheka. Komabe, mwina chakuti akatswiri musati muzingoyang'ana pa izo. Woyendetsa, pozindikira chiyembekezo zinthu, akhoza pa mphindi yotsiriza kusankha kusamukira ku Sevastopol, pansi pa chitetezero cha ndege flak chachikulu panyanja m'munsi. Komabe, nthawi zambiri ndi amene Plaushevsky motsatirana kwa lamulo, yemwe walemba pa 2am ndi Stalin yekha, analamulidwa kubwerera ku zipatala ndodo. Chinthu choyamba mu chikalata ichi linalembedwa, kuti Sevastopol sayenera Germany Mulimonsemo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti m'pofunika kuyang'ana kwa sitimayo si mu Gurzuf. Zikuoneka, ndi abeam wa Cape Sarich, kumadzulo kwa malo adafuna. Tsambali akadali sichinayambe ankafufuza.

Tikukhulupirira, ngalawayo "Armenia" adzapezeka posachedwa. 1941 nthawizonse kukhala mmodzi wa zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri mu mbiri ya Sevastopol. Zochitika za nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse ayenera kuphunzira zambiri, ndipo "Armenia" wakwezedwa pansi. Kusaka kwa chombo "Armenia" akupitiriza.