Amaika zamakolo magalimoto osiyana: m'malo, kukonza, unsembe

Cranking oyika crankshaft wa lalikulu kuwononga ambiri engine. Iwo sichichititsa linalephera, koma yaikulu ntchito. Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane mbali ndi mfundo za machitidwe a oyika, komanso monga m'malo a oyika zakwawoko.

tanthauzo

oyika zamakolo - zinthu galimoto kukuonetsedwa kutsetsereka mayendedwe kwa Kuchepetsa ofananira kusamuka kwa crankshaft ndi atembenuza ndi tiyipukuse magazini mu chipika yamphamvu.

Mfundo ntchito

Kapangidwe ka galimoto wakhala ankachitira zinthu zambiri onsewo. Tisaletse wa kasinthasintha operekedwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mayendedwe a. Ambiri kwambiri yodzaza galimoto onsewo mbali ndi crankshaft. Choncho, nawonso wokwera pa mayendedwe, ndi kaŵirikaŵiri ntchito kutsetsereka mayendedwe. mfundo yamakono ya mtundu uwu ndi mapepala zitsulo ndi ❖ kuyanika antifriction. Iwo amaika mizu.

Mitundu ya oyika

Komanso, pali zamakolo polumikiza mayendedwe ndodo. M'pofunika kusiyanitsa pakati pawo.

Kupatula oyika sekondale Amawapatsa grooves annular. Tsatanetsatane wa avareji thandizo ena onse. Total oyika ngati 10: 4 ndi poyambira 6 ndipo palibe. The nyumba yamphamvu yakwera ndi pakati masamba lotayirira amakani ndi wina popanda malo lachitatu. Adakali wokwera pa muzu kapu.

Polumikiza mayendedwe ndodo awiri zochepa. Iwo ndi yofanana, momwemonso mosinthana ndipo alibe grooves circumferential. The ndodo Ikani yakwera ndi kabowo mu chivindikiro ndi opanda.

mbali Special

Zida oyika zamakolo wokwera pa malo amodzi mu malo wakupambulika dzinache bedi. Kufunika unsembe atathana chifukwa zinthu ziwiri. Poyamba, ena mwa oyika ali ndi dzenje kwa mafuta, iwo ayenera pamodzi ndi njira zofanana pa mabedi awo. Chachiwiri, amalola mbali mikangano ya okonzekera pamalo cholinga.

Features ntchito

Ntchito, injini liners imvera nkhawa chifukwa cha mikangano tonse mbali imeneyi. Choncho atakhala muzu oyika ayenera kupangidwa dwi kuteteza kusamutsidwa kwa crankshaft onsewo. Kuti tichite zimenezi, kukhwimitsa:

• Choyamba, tiyeni tikambirane makhalidwe mikangano ankaona mbali, amene kumaonekera monga iwo Wopanda mnzake pansi pa katundu. Mtengo wake anatsimikiza mtima koyefishienti ndi mikangano ndi mtengo wa katundu pa mbali zimavuta. Choncho, kuonetsetsa odalirika posungira oyika ayenera apewe kukhudzana awo crankshaft lapansi. Chifukwa chaichi, amachepetsa ayeziyo koyefishienti ntchito ya antifriction zakuthupi, amene ntchito pamwamba pa oyika lapansi.
• Kachiwiri, oyika zamakolo ikuchitikira umakaniko pansi. Chifukwa chaichi, awiri njira. Zinthu zimene tatchulazi wokwera ndi kuwasokoneza zoyenera, mwachindunji constructively. Komanso, aliyense wa iwo ali chinthu zina amatchedwa tendril, kutumikira komanso kugwira.

miyeso

magawo Cacikulu ayenera kudziwa kuti, kupereka zikayamba, molondola kukhazikitsa muzu oyika. Miyeso ya zinthu izi amasankhidwa zochokera awiri pa bedi. Ndi chizindikiro ichi oyika anawagawa m'magulu kukula, akuti amene ali kulemba.

Pa kukula kwa oyika muzu crankshaft lagawidwa mwadzina ndi kukonza. Pali zinthu zinayi kukula kukonzedwa ndi kusiyana kwa 0,25 mm. Iwo ntchito, ngati m'malo imachitidwa kwa crankshaft opukutidwa malinga ndi kukula kwake.

Zimayambitsa kuwonongeka

Monga tanena, pamene injini pa injini kwakukulu zapamadzi frictional mphamvu zonse Machitidwe chopezera aithamangitse izo kwa malo oyamba. M'chigawo koyamba yoyenera mbali mphamvu injini lakonzedwa ndi malire ndi, kuti kupirira katundu. Pakuti mayunitsi mphamvu mpaka malita 200. a. voteji pa Ikani osiyanasiyana kuchokera 0,1 1 kgf. Kukula ndi njila kwa mphamvu katundu pa mikangano koyefishienti zonse.

Kuwonjezera oyika kwakukulu kutetezedwa kuti opaleshoni akafuna mikangano madzi. Izi zimatheka pogwiritsa ntchito mafuta, amene amalenga filimu pakati kutsinde khosi ndi pamwamba machitidwe a Ikani lapansi. zinthu Choncho ankaona ndiotetezedwa ku mwachindunji kukhudzana ndi osachepera frictional mphamvu zimatheka. mafuta filimu mlingo mapangidwe anatsimikiza ndi kusamutsidwa tonse mbali akusisita. Ndi kuchuluka kuwonjezeka mode ake hydrodynamic kukhululukirana. mawu kuzindikira kuwonjezera dzuwa la kumangika kusiyana filimu ndi kuonjezera wochindikala monga Motero. Komabe, ndi kuwonjezeka kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwaiye mikangano komanso kumawonjezera mbali liwiro, choncho ukuwonjezeka mafuta kutentha. Izi zimachititsa kukameta ubweya kupatulira, umene filimu makulidwe amachepetsa. Choncho, kuchitila akadakwanitsira muyenera kukwaniritsa bwino pakati kuunikidwaku.

Ngati kuphwanya umphumphu wa mafuta filimu mikangano koyefishienti ukuwonjezeka. Choncho, makokedwe cranking opangidwa ndi tiyipukuse kutsinde kwambiri chifukwa ngakhale pansi katundu zonse.

Komabe, nthawi zina pali zinthu n'zosiyana, pamene kuchuluka pa chifukwa chirichonse katundu kutsogolera ndi kuchepetsa mafuta filimu makulidwe. Komanso chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kutentha, makamaka m'dera la kukhululukirana. Choncho, lubricant ndi liquefied, mopitirira kuchepetsa makulidwe.

njira imeneyi kungakhale inakula ndi kuonekera pamodzi. Ndiko kuti, mmodzi wa iwo angakhale ndi zotsatira za ena.

Choncho, pa nthawi cranking kukhuthala mafuta kwambiri anakhudzidwa. Kugwirizana pakati pa zinthu izi ndi mwachindunji njila, ndiye apamwamba ndi m'pamenenso mphamvu kukhululukirana. Komanso, pamene mkulu kukhuthala mafuta mphero ukuwonjezeka. Komabe, pamene mafuta kwambiri kukhuthala si aziwapatsa zedi okwanira mu zone ya mikangano, kotero kuti makulidwe a mphero mafuta yafupika. Motero, zotsatira za mafuta kukhuthala pa kasinthasintha wa oyika ku sangathe anatsimikiza unambiguously. Choncho, kutenga nkhani katundu wina wa zinthu: lubricity, kutanthauza mphamvu ya lumikiza ake ndi pamwamba ntchito.

The koyefishienti wa mikangano anatsimikiza ndi masamu mogometsa ndi roughness wa pamalo polumikizana, ndi kukhalapo mu lubricant wa particles yachilendo. Pankhaniyi pamaso pa particles mu mafuta kapena pamwamba monyanyira filimu akawinduka, chifukwa m'madera ena kukuonetsedwa zinthu mikangano losanganikirana. Komanso mfundozi kuonekera kwambiri kwambiri pa chiyambi cha ntchito galimoto pamene pali yopuma-mu zidutswa nthawi, kotero mbali mikangano mu nthawi ino ali tcheru makamaka nkhawa.

Komanso, zamakolo liners crankshaft ali zimayenda chifukwa khama osakwanira, akuwazenga pabedi. Izo zikhoza kukhala chifukwa unsembe wa mbuli kapena chifukwa cha kuwonongeka misozi chifukwa cha mmene cranking makokedwe.

cranking liners

Nthawi zambiri pali kusamuka kwa oyika zamakolo ndi unsembe amayika crankshaft (cranking). Izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kuwasokoneza, mbali kusunga umaonera bedi, mchikakamizo cha zinthu zakumwamba, ndi wina wa tinyanga ndi osakwanira kugwira.

Kusokonezeka kwa bedi oyika zamakolo zingadziŵike ndi zinthu monga kugogoda wogontha zitsulo pa injini ntchito ndi kuthamanga madontho mu dongosolo kondomu.

kukonza

M'malo oyika zamakolo waika chofunika wa wrenches ndi screwdrivers ndi cholankhulira. Kukonza oyika zamakolo monga ntchito zingapo.

• Choyamba, muyenera imapatsa pansi galimoto. Kuti muyenera kukhazikitsa alamule dzenje yoyendera kapena pa nsanja.
• Popeza paketi batire amachotsedwa pa malo olakwika patsogolo.
• Komanso dismantling a poto injini mafuta (iyi ndi njira zosavuta kuti muwone, inu mukhoza kuyamba disassembly wa pamwamba ndi kukangamira injini).
• Kenako, yamphamvu atachotsedwa kuchokera kumbuyo kwa chofukizira crankshaft mafuta chisindikizo.
• Ndiye camshaft pagalimoto chivundikiro atachotsedwa gasket lapansi.
• Kodi ndiye amachotsedwa sprocket-tiyipukuse pulley unyolo.
• Komanso ndikofunikira imasonyeza mwagwirizana dongosolo wachibale kubala zipewa ndi ndodo yamphamvu pa zisoti zawo.
• Ndiye kiyi mu 14 anawomba nsalu polumikiza ndodo kapu mtedza ndi kuchotsa izo kwa zapamadzi lapansi.
• ntchito izi mobwerezabwereza kwa ndodo zonse.
• Akamaliza ya chivundikirocho ndi unayamba kupita oposa.
• Ndiye kutenga muzu wa zisoti khutu ndi kulumikiza ndodo.
• Kenako, kiyi mu 17 anawomba nsalu akapichi a Zikuto za mayendedwe kwakukulu kwa crankshaft lapansi.
• Choyamba dismantle chivundikiro omaliza iwo.
• Imakhala kupeza kulimbikira theka mphete poyambira paseri pa mayendedwe a crankshaft. Iwo anachotsa kukanikiza malekezero a screwdriver woonda.
• ntchito izi mobwerezabwereza kwa otsala zisoti mwankhanza. Choncho ndikofunikira kugwira crankshaft. Tikumbukenso kuti kapu ndi anatchulidwa manambala, ndi kuwerenga kuchokera crankshaft wa sock.
• Ndiye amachotsedwa casing lapansi.
• Choyamba polumikiza ndodo oyika anachira kenako kwakukulu lotayirira crankshaft.
• Crankshaft muyenera kuyendera kuwonongeka. Ngati iwo alipo, kusintha katunduyo.
• Kuwerenganso ndodo kulumikiza ndi zisoti muzu ndi kuyeza ndi micrometer. Deta analandira ali chilamulira chikhalidwe ndi tabulated.
• Ngati ndi kotheka, pogaya mbali. Chonchi mlandu ayenera anayeza kuwerengera kukonza awo kukula oyika.
• Crankshaft lidzayeretsedwa ndi ankatenthetsa ndi palafini ndi kuwomba cavities.
• Kenako anapereka latsopano zimakhudza zipolopolo.
• Kama anaberekera kuchitira chachisanu wokwera kulimbikira theka mphete za grooves kuti crankshaft lapansi.
• Kenako, fufuzani chilolezo pakati pa mbali imeneyi. Mtengo yachibadwa imatengedwa 0,06-0,26 mm. Ngati ndi oposa 0,35 mm, ntchito mphete za kuchuluka makulidwe.
• The crankshaft wokwera pa chipika kale kudzoza.
• Ndiye phiri kubala zipewa ndi kuona crankshaft kasinthasintha ufulu.
• Iwo anapereka ndodo liners ndi chimakwirira.
• Ndiye phiri mafuta sump poto.
• Ndiye kukhazikitsa chofukizira crankshaft ndi kumbuyo chisindikizo mafuta.
• Pomaliza, anapereka mfundo otsala.
• Kumapeto kwa mavuto amene kusintha nthawi unyolo, lamba jenereta ndi poyatsira nthawi.