1941: Kutetezedwa Moscow, gawo loyamba

Woyamba chigonjetso chachikulu pa nkhondo yolimbana ndi ankhondowo German mu nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse akuti ndi chitetezo cha Moscow (1941). Map kanthu ndi asilikali a ku Germany ndi Soviet - ndi mtsinje wa Volga (mu kumpoto), ndiye njanji Rzhev (kumadzulo) ndi siteshoni "Gorbachev" (kum'mwera). Kuteteza likulu, Red Army kusweka ambiri a "Center" gulu la ankhondo (1941st chaka), ndiyeno anayambitsa counteroffensive (1942nd chaka).

dongosolo Hitler

Maziko a "Barbarossa" dongosolo ndi kutenga Moscow ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa kuteteza asilikali ake Soviet. dongosolo lake linali kutenga malo mu nkhani masabata. Kukhazikitsa izo, atsogoleri German wamkulu "Opaleshoni Mvula ya mkuntho" anayamba kupanga yomwe inayamba pa September 30, 1941 patapita aviabombordirovok yaitali, utumwi reconnaissance ndi kukonzekera oti muli nazo zida, ainjini ndi makamu oyenda.

Chiwerengero cha mbali

Chiwerengero cha mdani:

• zoposa wani miliyoni asilikali ndi alonda;
• pafupifupi 1,600 akasinja;
• 14 zikwi zidutswa zida zankhondo ndi mortars;
• 950 olimbana ndi bombordirovschikov.

Pa mbali ya Red Army:

• 1.2 miliyoni Red Army asilikali ndi atsogoleri;
• pafupifupi 1,400 akasinja;
• 9600 zidutswa za zida zankhondo;
• 700 ndege.

Iyo inali pafupi magawo atatu a nkhondowo kuthekera kwa Red Army. Kukonzekera choyamba nkhondo anali kukagwira General Likulu la Commander Supreme mapeto a July 1941. The Kuteteza Moscow umayambira September 30 December 4, ndilo gawo loyamba la nkhondo kwa Moscow.

Militias ndi magulu awonongedwe

July 1941 anathetsa Muscovites kwa erection wa kumbuyo mzere motsogozedwa Borodino. Pa nthawi yomweyo anayamba mapangidwe mayunitsi asilikali. Okwana panali magulu twente-faifi, zimene zinaphatikizapo odzipereka a misinkhu yosiyanasiyana. Izi mayunitsi anali kwambiri bwino m'chinyumba ichi. Iwo unadza ngakhale kale kuti anthu zikwi zisanu ndi chimodzi anali mfuti palibe oposa mazana atatu.

Chifukwa chakuti unali likulu la anali zinawukhira ambiri saboteurs ndipo alemba ntchito kuchuluka kwa anthu, mapangidwe mphamvu yowononga. Mdani, amene ali m'njira iliyonse amachita kuwonongeka, kuunikira pa mipherezero njira usiku mdani bombordirovschikov ndi zikuphulika zipolopolo omwetsera.

zolawula

Poyamba, dongosolo la mdani anali m'magulu thanki atatu (I, II ndi III), anagawa mapangidwe yaikulu ya Red Army, anaikira m'dera la Bryansk ndi Vyazma, kutenga otsala mphamvu Soviet mu chilengedwe, ndipo akalowa ku kum'mwera kwa Moscow.

Kuti mukhale ndi maganizo wathunthu kupeza mizere kudzitchinjiriza ndipo chiwerengero cha asilikali iwo mobwerezabwereza reconnaissance sorties m'chilimwe cha 1941. The Kuteteza Moscow inachitika anayamba kuganizira mofatsa bombordirovok okhazikika.

Orel-Bryansk opareshoni

Polingalira za milandu kudya, asilikali Soviet anali bwino m'chinyumba ichi ndi Komanso wakhala lolunjika mtima wake pa malo chosonyeza kumene mdani anali zichitike. Choncho, asilikali a ku Germany analowa Eagle sinawonongeke. Nthawi ina ndinakumbukira mmodzi wa asilikali German, asilikali analowa mumzindawo, komabe trams pa maulendo. Amalonda ndi mafakitale analibe nthawi kuchoka, ndi chuma chawo mu muli anali mwachindunji panjira.

Ambiri zokometsera anagwera mu mphete. Nthawiyi, October 3 TH ndime ya akasinja German ulendo wake ku tauni ya Mtsensk. Koma chifukwa 4 oti muli nazo zida Division msilikali Katukova ndime anaikidwa kunja kwa kanthu. Nkhondo kufupi Mtsensk Kutsekeledwa mapulani German kwa mlungu wathunthu. Komabe, pa October 2 Bryansk chinajambulidwa ndi a ku Germany, moti General Yeremenko (mtsogoleri wa Bryansk Front) anayenera abwerere. mkulu yekha anavulazidwa ndi anasamutsidwa kuti Moscow.

Vyazemskij kutsogolo

Front linathyoka ndi asilikali a ku Germany anayamba tiponye malangizo a Vyazma. Kirov ndi Mpulumutsi Demensk unatengedwa pa October 4, 1941. Kuteteza Moscow tsiku lililonse slabla. Choncho, asilikali a Reserve ndi Western amadzibisa anazungulira. Amanenera, 700 asilikali Soviet ndi alonda anatengedwa ukapolo.

Nkhondo ya Mozhaysk

Kugwira mdani mu Mozhaisk ananditumiza Major-General limanena. Iwo analengedwa kuti ndi kulenga mzere kumbuyo. Kuwonjezera regiments munachita ndi battalions mu cholinga chake ndi kuwombera ndi kuphunzitsa cadets zida zankhondo School.

Ngakhale mdani anali ukupitirira. Pambuyo kusunga chitetezo za masiku khumi, asilikali athu anakakamizika abwerere. 13 October pozunzidwa mwankhanza ndi mdani utagwa Kaluga pa October 12 - Borovsk, iye Mozhaisk chomwecho - pa October, 18, 1941. Kutetezedwa Moscow anakhala unachitikira kwa mazana makilomita ku likulu yokha.

The mantha mu mzinda

Alamu yoweyula chinapululutsa nzika. Chotero mantha ndi misa kayendedwe sankadziwa mbiri yake likulu la Mama athu - Moscow. 1941, 15 October - tsiku la chisankho la mwadzidzidzi n'kuyamba kuthawa. General Wogwila, komanso utsogoleri commissariats, mabungwe asilikali ndi mabungwe ena anatitumiza m'mizinda yapafupi (Saratov, Kuibyshev, ndi ena).

Mafakitale ndi zipangizo zina zofunika njira anali ncho. 20 October mu mzinda amati boma ozungulira mzindawo.

Perete pa Red Square

Perete pa November 7 pa Red Square wa mzinda anazinga - izo ziri, mosakayikira, mmodzi wa chochitika zokongola, ndi omwe si olemera Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. Kumenyana Moscow, potero kupeza mpweya amateteza Mpweya akhala kwambiri adamthamangira.

Yemweyo sitinganene za Germany. nyengo kwathunthu ankavala pansi, kuchititsa kutalika kuyenda kwa nthawi yaitali kuposa ankaganiza pansi dongosolo. China chirichonse, kulimbikira kwa Soviet asilikali anazinga opezekamo. Ndi Germany anachita kupanga yopuma milungu iwiri kuti cholinga cha ziŵalo ziwaloziwalo.

The kusintha kwa tingalimbanirane

Ikulu anadabwa anali Germany Amasangalala asankha kuti chiwembucho Soviet asilikali. December 6 1941 pambuyo ochepa Red Army shelling, akuimba anadabwa, anapeza mdani wokongola shabby modzidzimutsa. Choncho chitetezo wa Moscow anasamukira ku chachiwiri (zoopsa chifukwa Germany) mbali yake - kauntala-zolawula.

wopindulitsa

Zikho kwa Kuteteza Moscow - mmodzi wa maulemu usilikali utumiki pa World nkhondo II. Iwo anali kupereka ophunzira onse, anali chitetezo kwake kwambiri mwezi. Onse akapitawo ndi asilikali.

Komanso, Zikho kwa Kuteteza Moscow analandira ndi anthu wamba, mwanjira ina anathandiza m'mbuyo mdani.