Zonse Boltzmann umachita mbali yaikulu mu zimango zowerengera

Lyudvig Boltsman - mlengi wa chiphunzitso maselo-kayendedwe ka mpweya abwino. Anabadwa mu 1844 ku Vienna. Boltzmann upainiya ndi mpainiya sayansi. ntchito yake ndi kafukufuku nthawi zambiri zovuta kuzimvetsa ndi kukanidwa ndi anthu. Komabe, ndi chitukuko winanso wa sayansi ya ntchito zake anazindikira ndipo kenako lofalitsidwa.

zinthu Scientific wasayansi ndi kuphimba mbali ofunika kwambiri monga sayansi ndi masamu. Kuyambira 1867 anagwira ntchito mphunzitsi zingapo za mabungwe apamwamba maphunziro. Mu phunziro lake, anapeza kuti kuthamanga mpweya chifukwa cha wachisokonezo kumenyedwa maselo khoma chotengera imene ili, pamene kutentha zimadalira mathamangidwe wa particles (mamolekyulu), mwa kulankhula kwina, awo mphamvu kayendedwe. Choncho, liwiro lalikulu kusuntha particles, apamwamba kutentha. zonse Boltzmann dzina lake pambuyo wotchuka Austria wasayansi. Zinali iye amene anapanga amathandiza kwambiri chitukuko cha sayansi zowerengera.

Tanthauzo thupi la zonse

Boltzmann zonse amasonyeza ubale ngati zedi thupi monga kutentha ndi mphamvu. Mu zimango zowerengera umagwira chachikulu chokhudza. Kodi Boltzmann zonse K = ^1,3806505 (24) * 10 -23 J / K. manambala mu parentheses akusonyeza mphepete mwa zolakwa ndi kulemekeza mfundo za kanjedza atsopano. Dziwani kuti nthawi zonse Boltzmann akhoza anachokera ku zokhazikika ena. Komabe anapezazo izi ndi zovuta kwambiri ndi zovuta kuzitsatira. Iwo amafuna bwino kwambiri osati sayansi komanso a masamu apamwamba.

Kubverana kutentha mtheradi ndi mphamvu

Stefan-Boltzmann zonse amalola anasonyeza kuti micro- ndi zazikulu makhalidwe, ndicho chiŵerengero cha zoyenda mathamangidwe maselo kutentha. Chilinganizo kufotokoza ubale izi motere: 3 / 2mv ² = kt.

Mu mpweya homogeneous mu chotengera pa zina kutentha T, ndi mphamvu n'kofunika kuti aliyense wa digiri ya ufulu wofanana ndi chiŵerengero kt / 2. Kudziwa kutentha pa zomwe mamolekyulu ali, ndi kulemera, munthu kuwerengera rms liwiro mosavuta. Komabe, chilinganizo izi si oyenera mpweya diatomic.

The chiŵerengero cha Lyudviga Boltsmana (mphamvu zosagwiritsika ntchito - Mwina)

Thermodynamic mphamvu zosagwiritsika ntchito ya dongosolo akhoza amatanthauziridwa kuti logarithm wa Mwina thermodynamic. ubwenzi angatchedwe kupambana zazikulu anapeza lalikulu Austria sayansi zimene anachita pamapeto pa ntchito yake. Pa moyo wasayansi ndipo izo sanalandire kuzindikira mu mabwalo sayansi, koma zaka zinayi pambuyo pa imfa yake, kupezeka anali kuboma.

A mawu ochepa pomaliza

Boltzmann zonse, osati ndi maziko a sayansi zowerengera ndi chiphunzitso maselo-kayendedwe, komanso anali ndi chikoka pa pofuna kukwaniritsa mfundo thupi. Zimenezi zikugwira Mwachitsanzo, gawo ili ngati kwadzidzidzi zimango.