Zokopa: Shlisselburg. Shlisselburg linga

Shlisselburg, chithunzi limene lingathandize mwa iye wofuna pitani, - ndi likulu kumanzere mtsinje wa Neva mwachindunji ku Nyanja Ladoga, mu makilomita twente-foro kum'mawa kwa St. Petersburg.

Mbiri ya m'mudzi

Kodi mzinda wakale ali ndi mbiri olemera ndi chidwi ambiri. Shlisselburg anakhazikitsidwa mu 1323 ndi Prince Yuri Danilovich. Inali pa nthawi imeneyi pa Mtedza Island, kumene kunali m'nkhalango ya otuwira, anakhazikitsidwa linga matabwa ndi dzina lomweli. Malinga ndi malipoti ena ndilo dzina la pachiyambi la kumalo zinali chifukwa chakuti pamwamba pa chidutswa ka dziko ndi ofanana kwambiri mawonekedwe mtedza.

Asilikali a Sweden anayesa kangapo kugonjetsa linga kukankhira Novgorod ku dziko landlocked mwakuya, koma zoyesayesa zawo mpaka chiyambi cha m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri sanali bwino. Koma mu 1613 linga la analandidwa. Kupambana anadzatchedwa kuti Noteburg. A pang'ono poyerekeza ndi zaka zinapita nthawi pamene asilikali a Peter Wamkulu mu 1702 adakwanitsa kupambana mpanda wolimba.

Pambuyo zaka zingapo m'deralo anayamba kupanga midzi ambiri. Ndipo kale mu 1780 m'dera lino anapatsidwa mwayi wokhala tauni. Lero, alendo kuno kuwona zowoneka ake.

Shlisselburg lero

Panopa mzinda - ziri zonse kunachitika zovuta, chomwe chili ndi mbiri ndi mapulani zipilala za thupi zosiyanasiyana zikhomo kuyambira m'zaka khumi mpaka Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World. Komabe, kapangidwe kwambiri wapadera ndi mpanda wolimba. Shlisselburg - tauni yaing'ono. Kamakhala anthu zikwi khumi ndi zisanu.

Izi kamudzi akuzigawo si yamphamvu makampani kapena zikuluzikulu malo, kuphatikizapo kugula. Anamanga kumayambiriro doko la zombo zapanyanja atumwi wotsiriza lero amaima ndi kukhala mabwinja. Komabe, mbiri ya mzinda ndi malo ake okongola - ndi chidwi chawo. Schlisselburg pa Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo mfundo kumbuyo pa njira ku mzinda kuzungulira pa Neva. Kudzera mu mpanda anasamutsidwa okhala Leningrad choncho anapulumutsa katundu. Pambuyo pa zaka khumi, unakhala owonetsera zakale zikuluzikulu za zaka zovuta.

zowoneka

Kuwonjezera pa linga la mzinda aone odabwitsa zipilala mapulani monga mpingo wa St. Nicholas Cathedral wa Kubadwa kwa Yesu Ioanna Predtechi ndi Annunciation, tchalitchi wamng'ono wa Kazan chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu. Ambiri Shlisselburg ndi m'mamyuziyamu wodzipereka kwa mfuti panyanja, mbiri ya mzindawu. Palinso anasunga wapadera zomangamanga misonkhano, yatsala pa wakale Ladoga ngalande. Izi sluice lubwe anamanga mu m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, mlatho, anamanga pa zipilala. zipilala anasunga monga Arcade, fano Peter Ine ndi T. D.

Nthawi zambiri, Shlisselburg map zikhomo ndi chabe chodabwitsa mwamphamvu ake. Alendo akondweretsedwa kuti kuno kuyang'ana pa dongosolo zodabwitsa.

Oreshek linga

Shlisselburg anali nthawi zonse kunja m'malire Swedish. Ndi chifukwa apa inamangidwa mpanda wolimba wakale. Popeza chiyambi cha ichi mpanda unazunguliridwa ndi makoma kwambiri. Koma nyumba matabwa pambuyo moto linkayenera kuti lisinthidwe kuti mwala. Linga kakusintha ena kusintha: kuchuluka malo ake, ndi makoma anakonzeka pyatnadtsatimetrovoy msinkhu.

Koma posachedwapa anataya tanthauzo lake kumbuyo ndipo wakhala wa ndende koipa mu dziko. Akaidi kusungidwa zauve ndi achinyezi ndende yandekha. Kupweteka mapeto zinali zofanana ndi imfa. Chance kuthawa apa analibe.

Choyamba pano anamangidwa banja lachifumu mkazi woyamba Petra Lopuhina, mlongo wake Maria A. ndi ena. Panali kutumikira ziganizo ndi ogwira manyazi. Ndipo kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu, tsoka ili sichimaperekedwa ndi aphunzitsi. Novikov, Krechetov, Karamzin, ndi ku chigawo chachiwiri cha m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, ndi Decembrists Bestuzhev, Kyuhelbekker, Leo - onse a iwo anaikidwa mtedza wa.

Pambuyo pa February utasintha, akaidi linga anamasulidwa opandukawo zikugwira ntchito Shlisselburg. nyumba ya ndende unatenthedwa.

Mu makumi ndi mmasate ndi opareshoni nthambi ya Museum wa October kuukira boma.

Pa yopuma kuzinga Leningrad mu January, makumi atatu, zokopa ambiri zawonongedwa. Shlisselburg amene adayitana Petrokrepost zaka zimenezo, unawonongedwa kwambiri. Anamasula mzinda January 1943, omenyana Leningrad Front, mothandizidwa ndi Baltic zombo, ndi kunabwezeretsedwa zaka unawonongedwa. Mu nineties oyambirira a atumwi wotsiriza iwo anali atabwerera ku dzina lake mbiri - mpanda wolimba wa Shlisselburg.

Cathedral wa St. Yohane M'batizi

Pamene m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri, asilikali a Sweden, kugwiritsa ntchito Nthawi ya Mavuto anayamba tiponye malire kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Russia, kugwa woyamba wa linga wa. Ndipo pamene Russian n'kuyambiranso ndi citadel, chinthu choyamba chimene iwo anayamba kuyang'ana kwa chizindikiro cha Kazan Amayi a Mulungu, amene amapatsidwa ulemu ngakhale mu zaka za ulamuliro wa Ivan kwambiri. The nkhani zodabwitsa fano lero anauza pa anamulondolera ulendo mu Shlisselburg. Likukhalira kugwera mu imodzi mwa linga ili Prinevskoye malo auzimu. chizindikirochi ili apa mu tchalitchi yaing'ono. Pamaso yobereka wa zokometsera citadel bricked mu mpanda, anatembenuzidwa kuti mpingo ndi asilikali a Sweden. Choncho chizindikirochi anabisika kwa zaka.

Ladoga ngalande

waterway Apa zikugwirizana Ladoga pamodzi Neva Mtsinje mtsinje Volkhov. Today Shlisselburg pali njira ziwiri kufanana ndi mzake, anamanga m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu Staraya Ladoga, kenako kwathunthu youma ndi atachuluka, ndi Ladoga - ndi watsopano. Mozama lero.

Staroladozhsky dzina lake monga Mfumu Petra Velikogo Ngalande. Linamangidwa ndi mfumu-wokonzanso ndipo ali ndi kutalika kwa makilomita pafupifupi wani handiredi ndi twente.

Malinga ndi ntchito pachiyambi, iwo inamangidwa popanda maloko. njira kuya - 210 masentimita m'munsimu mlingo wa Nyanja Ladoga. Pa siteji yoyamba ya zomangamanga anali penapake anachedwa chifukwa kampani osasamalira akuchita malonda. Mu 1723 Peter yekha kuyendera nyumbayi, analamula kumangidwa kwa sluice German amisiri. Kumangidwa kwa boma njira wakhala kapadera.

Mu 1726, dera pakati pa mudzi wa Volkhov ndi Black itatha, anayamba kayendedwe ka sitima, yomwe inapita patsogolo kwambiri ntchito. Twente-lachiwiri la October 1730 yomanga njira chokwanira. Pa nthawiyo inali yaikulu dongosolo hayidiroliki mu Europe.

Cathedral wa Annunciation

Poyamba mu 1726 mpingo matabwa inamangidwa pamalo ake. Komabe, pambuyo zaka makumi anayi, kuti m'malo ndi mwala.

Pa kulimbana ndi Mpingo wa boma la Soviet mu 1935 anatseka tchalitchi, koma mu zaka za Great mphamvu kukonda dziko lako a chipembedzowo izo chatsegulidwa ndipo anachita yonse ya nkhondo. Pambuyo kuwina izo kachiwiri anasamutsa chigawocho.

Cathedral Square palokha limathandiza komanso ena nyumba mofanana zazikulu. M'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu belu nsanja anali Ufumuyo anali pano. Kuyambira mu 1990, kubwezeretsa kwa St. Nicholas Mpingo, ndipo chaka chotsatira - wa Cathedral wa Annunciation lapansi. Pa malo ndi nyumba yopemphereramo zakale zamitengo inamangidwa Kazan, anamanga pa zina zachidule ndi wamanga Ershov.

Petrovsky mlatho

Ili pafupi ndi Cathedral wa Annunciation unyolo Bridge ndi zotsalira za zakale inaimitsidwa - Petrovsky ngalande imene ankagwiritsa ntchito kuyambira mu 1826 mpaka 1832. Iwo anali okonzeka ndi kulimbitsa span, aliyense amene anali ndi kutalika mamita asanu ndi theka. Mlatho amapereka panorama kokongola. Pa dzanja limodzi ndi Mungapeze m'njira Staraya Ladoga, ndi pa zina - admiralty nangula kuyambira nthawi ya Peter, amene anamuukitsa kwa pansi pa Neva mu Shlisselburg.

Museum m'tauni ya Shlisselburg

Yaikulu awa - kowonera zakale za mbiri ya mzinda. Izo analengedwa mu 1990. Apa mutha kuona Shlisselburg mbiri, aphunzire za pomanga Ladoga kulambalala ngalande ndi nsalu fakitale, komanso mbiri ya Nevsky doko la zombo zapanyanja.

Wina zakale, wotchedwa "Chibwenzi kuzinga Leningrad" anadzipereka ku ntchito "Iskra", imene anatseka misewu inawonongeka ndipo anayambiranso Leningrad dziko kulankhulana. Diorama zoti mu banki kumanzere limbikitsa Ladoga mlatho. holo ake achikumbutso linatsegulidwa chiwiri mu May 1985. Apa mutha kuona chithunzi mu mamita makumi asanu ndi atatu lonse.

Pali zinthu zochititsa chidwi pabwalo la Shlisselburg. Mwachitsanzo, preddioramnaya m'dera - chionetsero lotseguka, imene ikusonyeza zida za nkhondo. Pali akasinja chenicheni chimene nawo Nkhondo ya Leningrad. Ambiri a iwo anali anauka kwa pansi pa Neva mtsinje kapena achinyontho yozungulira ndi kubwezeretsedwa. Pakati pa zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho ndi mtengo wapadera amene anapulumuka ku anatseka misewu ya Leningrad.

Museum wa panyanja mfuti Shlisselburg - izo ndi chionetsero pabwalo ndi kulongosola. Nawa anasonkhanitsa mfuti odana ndege, nthawi nkhondo ndi maphokoso nkhondo. Iwo ankaiphwasula ku zombo ndi kusungidwa mu nyumba yosungiramo katundu Utumiki wa chitetezo. Mfuti anabwezeretsedwa ndipo anaika pa Chigonjetso wake sixtieth.

m'tawuni chithumwa

Today Shlisselburg - tauni zigawo zomwe n'zotheka kuzungulira kwa maola atatu. Koma ali wapadera yake chithumwa. Yankholo mu mbiri lalikulu waukulu, mu chete ndi pang'ono dilapidated misewu, pang'ono osasamalira berths. Ndipo ambiri Chofunika - ndi mawu inexpressible zokongola kwabasi wa otchuka Nyanja Ladoga, njira yake yapadera kuti kulumikiza doko ndi zina Shlisselburg ndi kuteteza madzi zovuta.

Nyambo ndi mpanda wolimba akale, angaloŵe mzimu wa nthawi ndipo akadali zokhudza kwambiri anayenda nsanja awo okwezeka ndi mpanda. Izi yachilendo kukongola banga, chimene chimachokera Neva.