Zitsanzo za kutentha kutengerapo mu chikhalidwe, moyo

Matenthedwe mphamvu ndi akuti ife ntchito pofotokoza mlingo wa ntchito mamolekyulu mu chinthu. Kuchuluka chisangalalo njira imodzi kapena wina, anagwirizana ndi kuwonjezeka kutentha, pamene mu zinthu ozizira maatomu kusuntha pang'onopang'ono kwambiri.

Zitsanzo za kusintha kutentha angapezeke kulikonse - mu chikhalidwe, luso ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku.

Zitsanzo za kusintha kutentha

Chitsanzo lalikulu ndi kulanda kutentha dzuwa, zomwe umafunda Dziko Lapansi ndi zonse ziri momwemo ndi. Tsiku ndi tsiku, mungapeze zambiri zimene mungachite zofanana, koma kuli ndi ganizo lonse. Chotero kodi zitsanzo za kusintha kutentha zingaoneke tsiku ndi tsiku?

Nawa ena mwa iwo:

• Mpweya kapena mbaula ya magetsi, mwachitsanzo, zimathera kwa Frying mazira.
• Automotive utsi monga mafuta, ndi gwero la kutentha kwa injini.
• Zina toaster akutembenukira mkate mu mkate. Izi ndi chifukwa chowala kutentha mphamvu Tilandire, limene chinyezi kuchokera mkate ndi kuvumbitsira crunchy.
• Hot chikho cha zimapita koko umafunda manja.
• lawi chilichonse lawi la machesi ndi kutha moto chachikulu nkhalango.
• Pamene ayezi aikidwa mu kapu ya madzi, mphamvu matenthedwe ku madzi chimasungunula, i.e. madzi wokha ndi gwero la mphamvu.
• rediyeta kapena Kutentha dongosolo amapereka mzimu waubwenzi nyumba miyezi yozizira yaitali ndi ozizira.
• mauvuni ochiritsira ali magwero a convection, limene anaikidwa iwo chakudya mankhwala heats, ndi kuyamba ndondomeko kuphika.
• Zitsanzo za kusintha kutentha Tingaone mu thupi lake, kuphunzira dzanja lake chidutswa cha madzi oundana.
• The mphamvu matenthedwe, ngakhale mu mphaka, amene kungakhudze mawondo khamu.

Kutentha - gulu

Kutentha utuluke ndi zoyenda zonse. The njira yaikulu imene HIV akhoza otchulidwa msonkhano, cheza ndi conduction. Tiyeni tione mfundo zimenezi mwatsatanetsatane.

madutsidwe ndi chiyani?

Mwina nthawi zambiri anazindikira kuti imodzi ndi chipinda chomwecho kumverera kuchokera kukhudza pansi kungakhale yosiyana. Ndi zabwino komanso kuyenda pa pamphasa, koma iwe ukapita ku bafa nsapato, palpable kuzizira yomweyo amapereka maganizo mokondwa. Osati ngati kumene underfloor magetsi.

Ndiye n'chifukwa tiled pamwamba ndi kuzizira? Ndi zonse chifukwa cha madutsidwe matenthedwe. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa mitundu itatu ya kusintha kutentha. Nthawi zonse zinthu ziwiri kutentha osiyanasiyana anakumana ndi mzake, kutentha mphamvu ndidzadutsa therebetween. Zitsanzo za kusintha kutentha mu nkhani iyi tikhoza tchulani zotsatirazi: akugwira mbale zitsulo, mapeto ena amene aikidwa pa kandulo lawi, ndi nthawi akhoza kumva kupweteka ndi kutentha kutengeka, ndi pamene wokhudza chitsulo panhandle ndi madzi otentha ndithe kutenthedwa.

payipi chinthu

Zabwino kapena zoipa madutsidwe kumatengera zifukwa zingapo:

• Mtundu ndi khalidwe la chuma limene anapanga katundu.
• M'dera pamwamba pa zinthu ziwiri mu kukhudzana.
• Kusiyana kutentha pakati zinthu ziwiri.
• The makulidwe ndi kukula kwa zinthu.

Mu mawonekedwe aone kuti pali, izi motere: kutentha mtokoma kuti chinthu chofanana ndi madutsidwe matenthedwe nkhani imene chinthu amapangidwa, kuchulukitsa ndi malo pamwamba anakumana kuchulukitsa ndi kusiyana kutentha pakati zinthu ziwiri, ndi kuwagawa ndi makulidwe zakuthupi. Ndi yosavuta.

zitsanzo madutsidwe

Direct kulanda kutentha kwa chinthu wina ndi mzake amatchedwa madutsidwe ndi zinthu kuchititsa kutentha bwino, wotchedwa akuwauza. Ena zipangizo ndi zinthu musati kupirira ntchito imeneyi, iwo amatchedwa insulators. Zikuphatikizapo matabwa, pulasitiki fiberglass ndi mpweya. Amadziwika kuti insulators sikuti kusiya otaya kutentha, ndipo basi kubweza pansi mu digiri ina.

convection

mawonekedwe kusintha kutentha, monga convection amapezeka zakumwa zonse ndiponso gasi. Zitsanzo zoterozo angapezeke mu chilengedwe ndi kutentha kutengerapo kunyumba. Pamene madzi ndi usavutike, mamolekyulu pansi pa kupeza mphamvu ndi kuyamba kusuntha mofulumira, imbaenda ku kuchepa osalimba. Ofunda mamolekyulu madzimadzi kuyamba kusuntha kupita m'tsogolo, pamene yozizira (more wandiweyani madzimadzi) akuyamba kumira. Kamodzi kuziziritsa mamolekyulu kufika pansi, iwo kachiwiri kulandira cholowa chawo cha mphamvu ndi kachiwiri atakhala pamwamba. The mkombero akupitiriza bola ngati pali gwero la kutenthako pansi.

Zitsanzo za mwachibadwa zikuchitika kutengerapo kutentha zotsatirazi: ntchito burner wapadera zida ofunda mpweya, ndi kudzaza danga zibaluni, angafunse dongosolo lonse pa msinkhu mokwanira wamkulu, dziwani kuti mpweya ofunda ndi opepuka kuposa ozizira.

cheza

Pamene inu kukhala kutsogolo kwa moto, umafunda inu kubwera kwa iye ofunda. Chinthu chomwecho chimachitika ngati muyamba dzanja ndi moto getsi, popanda kugwira izo. Komanso inuyo mudzakhala ndi kutentha. Zitsanzo yaikulu ya magetsi kunyumba ndi chikhalidwe anatsogolera dzuwa mphamvu. Tsiku lililonse dzuwa umadutsa kutentha 146 Mill. Km malo opanda kanthu kwa dziko lapansi lenilenilo. Ichi ndi chomwe chikuchititsa zonsezi kwa mitundu yonse ya moyo ndi machitidwe amene alipo pa dziko lathu lero. Popanda njira ya HIV, ife angakhale pangozi yaikulu, ndi dziko kungakhale kulakwa kwambiri, monga tidziwa.

Cheza - kutentha kutengerapo ntchito mafunde atomu, ngati mafunde wailesi, infuraredi, X-ray kapena kuwala kuwoneka. zinthu zonse zimatulutsa ndi kuyamwa mphamvu chowala, kuphatikizapo yekha, koma si zonse zinthu ndi zinthu kupirira ntchito mofanana bwino. Zitsanzo za kutentha kutengerapo kunyumba tinganene kuti ntchito mlongoti ochiritsira. Monga ulamuliro, kodi chimachokera wabwino ndi zimatenga komanso. Monga dziko lapansi, izo zimatengera mphamvu ya dzuwa, kenako amatumiza izo mmbuyo mu mlengalenga. mphamvu iyi cheza amatchedwa cheza dziko lapansi, ndipo izi n'zimene kumapangitsa moyo pa dziko.

Zitsanzo za kutentha kutengerapo mu chikhalidwe, moyo, Engineering

The kulanda mphamvu, makamaka kutentha, ndi malo lofunika kuphunzira kwa akatswiri onse. Cheza chimapangitsa nthaka monga Choyala ndipo amapereka zongowonjezwdwa mphamvu dzuwa. Convection ndi maziko a zimango, ndi udindo otaya mpweya nyumba ndi mpweya wabwino m'nyumba. Madutsidwe amalola kutenthetsa poto, monga kuika pa moto.

zitsanzo zambiri za kutentha kutengerapo mu luso ndi chilengedwe zimaonekera ndi amapezeka paliponse m'dziko lathu. Pafupifupi onsewo mbali yofunika kwambiri, makamaka m'munda wa luso lopanga. Mwachitsanzo, pamene kupanga dongosolo nyumba mpweya akatswiri kuwerengera kutentha imfa ya nyumbayi mu pamalo ake, komanso mkati kutentha kutengerapo. Komanso, iwo kusankha zipangizo kuti kuchepetsa kapena kudzapeza kulanda kutentha kudzera zigawo aliyense konza dzuwa.

evaporation

Pamene maatomu kapena mamolekyulu wa madzi (mwachitsanzo, madzi) ongoyendayenda kwambiri kuchuluka kwa mpweya, iwo amakhala zokha kulowa boma gaseous kapena asanduke nthunzi. Ichi ndi chifukwa tinthu ali wangayo mu madera osiyana imathamanga mwachisawawa ndi adzawombana ndi mzake. Pa njira, ena a iwo adzalandira mphamvu kayendedwe okwanira kukankhira ku Kutentha gwero.

Komabe, si mamolekyulu onse ndi nthawi vaporize ndi kukhala nthunzi. Izi zidalira pa kutentha. Choncho, mu kapu ya madzi asanduke nthunzi pang'onopang'ono kusiyana mu poto mkangano pa mbaula. Madzi otentha kwambiri kumawonjezera mphamvu ya mamolekyulu, amene nawonso kufulumizitsa ndondomeko evaporation.

mfundo zofunika

• Madutsidwe - ndi kulanda kutentha kupyolera mu zinthu mwa mwachindunji kukhudzana maatomu kapena mamolekyulu.
• Convection - ndi kulanda kutentha ndi makope mpweya (mwachitsanzo, mpweya) kapena madzi (mwachitsanzo, madzi).
• Cheza - kusiyana pakati mayamwidwe ndi chinyezimiro cha kuchuluka kwa kutentha. Luso limeneli ndi mwamphamvu amadalira mtundu, zinthu wakuda zimatentha kwambiri kuposa kuwala.
• Evaporation - ndi njira imene maatomu kapena mamolekyulu mu boma madzi analandira mphamvu zokwanira kukhala mpweya kapena nthunzi.
• Wowonjezera kutentha mpweya - mpweya kuti msampha dzuwa kutentha mu mlengalenga, kubala zotsatira kutentha. Pali mitundu ziwiri zazikulu - ndi nthunzi ya madzi ndi mpweya.
• Zongowonjezwdwa mphamvu - ndi zinthu zopanda malire mwamsanga ndi mwachibadwa kudzadza. Izi zikhoza monga zitsanzo zotsatirazi kutentha kutengerapo mu chilengedwe ndi luso: mphepo ndi dzuwa mphamvu.
• Matenthedwe madutsidwe - mlingo pa zimene nkhani transmits kutentha kudzera yokha.
• Matenthedwe mgwirizano - boma limene mbali zonse za dongosolo ali yemweyo kutentha osiyanasiyana.

Ntchito mu mchitidwe

zitsanzo zambiri za kutentha kutengerapo mu chilengedwe ndi luso (chithunzi pamwambapa) akusonyeza kuti njira imeneyi ayenera bwino anaphunzira ndipo anatumikira wabwino. Akatswiri ntchito nzeru zawo za mfundo za kusintha kutentha, fufuzani umisiri watsopano, umene zimagwiritsa ntchito chuma zongowonjezwdwa ndipo sakhala zowononga chilengedwe. Mfundo yofunika kwambiri kudziwa kuti kulanda mphamvu atsegula mwayi ankhaninkhani njira zomangamanga osati.