Mikhail aakulu - dziko Chess ngwazi. yonena

Izo mwangwiro chikufanana ndi stereotype wa namatetule: maso moto, chosasamala maonekedwe, ndende zonse pa zofunikira ndi kupanda chidwi ku zinthu zochepa za moyo. Mikhail aakulu anatenga mpando wachifumu wa dziko nthawi yaifupi kwambiri, koma amaona wanzeru wa Chess, umunthu wa mphamvu apamwamba monga masewera potengera mmene chilakolako, improvisation, kudzoza, ndipo mamasulidwewo methodical options. Kupambana chachikulu cha anthu ake anali kuti anasunga mpaka kumapeto ndichiyembekezo kukoma mtima kwa ena, ngakhale kuvutika zosautsa kuti anatsagana naye moyo wake onse yochepa.

si onse

Apachiyambi anatsagana naye kuyambira kubadwa - dzanja lamanja atatu toed, kuti abwenzi mwanthabwala otchedwa umboni wa zakuthambo chiyambi aakulu. biographers More othandiza kuona chifukwa anomaly izi kuti makolo ake anali abale enieni - asuweni, lomwe ndi zinadzala ndi zolakwa chibadwa.

Mikhail aakulu anabadwa November 9, 1936 mu Riga, m'banja la madokotala. Monga Iye anati: "Ine ndinali kusewera ndi tsoka la ndalama wakuda." kusuntha wosapitirira zinali zoopsa: Patangotha miyezi isanu ndi kubadwa kwa mnyamata anagwa matenda kudwala ngati oumitsa khosi. Makolo madokotala, anadziwa mwayi wochepa kwambiri kupulumuka, koma iwo ankadziwa kuti kutupa izi zimakhudza ubongo mosayembekezera, nthawi zina mobwerezabwereza kuwonjezera dzuwa la ntchito yake ndi zinthu ziwayendere bwino matenda. The mwana anapulumuka.

N'kwabwino ubwana

Kwa zaka zisanu iye akanakhoza kuchulukitsa chiwerengero atatu manambala mu malingaliro ake, ndi kuwerenga kuyambira zaka zitatu. Nkhondo banja Talay unachitikira achoke, mu dera Perm. The sukulu anatenga mnyamata yomweyo kalasi yachitatu, ndi University Riga, mkhalidwe wa Mikhail aakulu anali kukalembedwa, monga zosiyana, ndi zaka 15.

Aakulu kukumbukira anali phenomenal. The mnyamata kwenikweni imabereka lemba la bukhulo lomwe, chifukwa inkaoneka kuti ena, anali kufunafuna mphindi mofulumira. Kuti mudziwe, umene ankamuona ngati chofunika kwambiri, anakhalabe yokumbukira muyaya.

Pankhaniyi, Michael sankaona yekha prodigy mwana. zofuna zake boyish si wosiyana zofuna za anzawo - ankakonda kusewera mpira ndipo anakhala nthawi yambiri akuthamanga mpira, ngakhale kudwala oyambirira nawo mu ntchito ya impso. Koma m'kupita moyo wake tsopano ali ndi tanthauzo - Chess.

kuyambira pa msewu

Mu zaka 6, Mikhail aakulu, amene yonena tsopano mpaka kalekale kugwirizana ndi masewera wakale, nthawi yoyamba ndinaona bolodi ndi zithunzi. Izo zinachitika pamene mwana anali kuntchito ndi bambo wake ndipo anali akuyembekezera kudikira chipinda cha ofesi dokotala wake. Odwala anachita masewera Chess, kuyembekezera phwando. The bambo anamuonetsa mmene chithunzi, ndipo yodziwa malamulo zofunika kwambiri. Poyamba, mnyamata anatenga masewera mosavuta. Chisangalalo, kenako ankasiyana tsogolo Chess ngwazi, yophika mu izo, pamene ali ndi zaka 9 adalandira kwa msuweni kuyendera '' m mwamuna kapena mkazi. "

Ndi zaka 10 anayamba kupezeka Chess club pa Riga Palace ya Young Apainiya. Ndili ndi zaka 12, analandira 2 gulu, 14 - woyamba mu zaka 17, anakhala katswiri. Choyamba Chess mphunzitsi aakulu - Janis Kruzkops - anali kutsatira za mitundu, kusewera yogwira. Pa nkhani ya Michael ndi superimposed pa luso lapadera kwambiri ndi moto makhalidwe. Aakulu Chess sanachitepo mantha continuations yowopsa, complicating udindowo. Lodziwika bwino "pachithunzichi" akuvutika chifukwa cha aakulu - komanso kwakukulukulu anachokera ake "mpainiya" ubwana.

mphunzitsi mabuku

Chidwi kuphunzira mabuku ndi mbiri, zikuoneka wochokera Michael mchikakamizo cha mayi - Ida Grigorevny, mu unyamata wake amene anali ankadziwa Ehrenburg, Picasso ndi zaumunthu ena. Nkhani nkhani yolembedwa, ndipo kenako kutetezeredwa University linatulutsidwa wamng'ono mphunzitsi Mikhail aakulu anali "Zotengera ndi nthabwala mu ntchito za Ili Ilfa ndi Evgeniya Petrova." Nchachidziwikire, waluntha nthabwala chibadidwe aakulu, mwambowu onse - ndipo kwa nthawi yaitali ndi anthu amene ankamudziwa, ndipo sakonda abwenzi - anali ndi zifukwa zomveka.

Nditamaliza maphunziro anakagwira ntchito kwa kanthawi ku sukulu, koma ndi nthawi ntchito yaikulu anakhala Chess. maphunziro Philological inandithandiza aakulu mu maphunziro ake a utolankhani, makamaka pomwe iye lolembedwa magazini imene inafalitsidwa mu Riga, "Chess" kudzapanga tsenivshiysya lonse.

Sally

Mu nyama yake nthawi zonse kwa amaonekera wa chikoka cha chauzimu, ziwanda - kwambiri kuwala kwapadera, wodzala ndi chiopsezo, m'maganizo malire ndi kalembedwe sizimadziwika ozindikira mwachilengedwe anali Mihaila Talya. Otayika anali kufunafuna mafotokozedwe kulephera mu zachinyengo ambuye maso luso lake extrasensory. Amene akudziwa Michael bwino, izi ankafuna kubweretsa kumwetulira - izo zinaliri mu zina.

Monga aakulu Chess anali mankhwala a maganizo ake onse kwa moyo. Chikhumbo bwino posachedwapa, kudziwa kumva zonse, incontinence chikhumbo kutanthauza kuti kuzindikira awo anali limodzi ndi moyo wake.

Pamene panali pokonzekera nkhondo zofunika kwambiri ndi Botvinnik, kusankha tsogolo la mutu dziko ngwazi, anachezera ntchito lonse yolanda kukongola Riga Sulamif Landau mtima. Zolinga tonse mwaife: Sally anakhala mkazi wake, ndipo iye - ngwazi dziko.

Njira Olympus

Rapid chitunda kwa aakulu Chess pamwamba, komanso kupeza othamanga wa mtima wawo kwa awo mutu wakale dziko - lodziwika bwino tsamba mu dziko mbiri ya Chess. Mu 1957, mnyamata Rigan anakhala USSR ngwazi mu Chess, kumenya lolemekezeka David Bronstein ndi Paulo Keres - khama korona dziko. M'tsogolo, icho chiri 5 nthawi anapambana Onse-Union Chess Championship.

Chotsatira cha njira pa Chess Olympus anakhala thupi lonse. Otsatidwa ndi chigonjetso mu yapakati-zonal khama mpikisano mu Portoroz, Slovenia (1958) ndipo pa 13 Chess Olympiad ku Munich (1958). Aakulu anapambana Chess wapadziko lonse mu Zurich (1959) ndi kuyesedwa mu chaka chomwecho ofuna mpikisano mu Yugoslavia, zimene zinaphatikizapo zonse ndiye nyenyezi masewerawo: Smyslov, Gligoric, Petrosyan, F. Olafson, Keres ndi fifitini Robert Fisher.

Machesi ndi Mihailom Botvinnikom kwa Championship dziko unachitikira ku March 15 May 7, 1960 ndipo inatha chigonjetso mwamsanga aakulu 24 wazaka, amene anapambana masewera 6, woluza 2 ndipo zoyambirira anafika mfundo 12.

Wamng'ono ngwazi dziko

Young ndi wachikoka, zoseketsa ndiponso wanzeru, amene anali sikunachitekepo molimba mtima ndiponso amphamvu kalembedwe kusewera aakulu anakhala fano mafani Chess padziko lonse. Pamene ambuye akatswiri anatenga anadabwa maonekedwe mwadzidzidzi wa "upstart" pamene kudziwa ngwazi latsopano, kumverera chisoni iye wakhala ubiquitous ndi chilengedwe. Ngakhale odziwika bwino pakati grandmasters ndi Chess anthu ndi misanthropic sociopath Bobby Fischer yekha ndi aakulu, kusewera blitz mosavuta nthawi tsiku lonse.

Mu Riga, aakulu anakumana ndi anthucho ochokera pa manja wake anam'berekera galimoto ndi ngwazi achinyamata. Iye mofunitsitsa anakumana ndi mafani Chess a mibadwo yonse mu Riga ndi kudutsa Union. Posachedwapa Soviet Union ndi ochepa anthu amene odziwika ndi dzina aakulu. Michael Nehemevich kum'patsa ulemu chakuti sanasinthe malo okhala, ngakhale mu nthawi kuzisiya, konse analola groundlessly akamadandaula dziko limene iye anabadwa, koma kulimbika mtima kwa mawu ake kunja anachititsa chidwi akukhala naye pa mbali ya mabungwe boma - nthawi yomweyo zinali kapadera kusiya.

moyo wotsatira

M'kupita kwa pokonzekera rematch ndi Botvinnik m'chaka cha 1961 linalowererapo akuchuluka vuto la impso aakulu. Iye anapereka kupempha amodzi a machesi, koma kulemekeza kwa mdani wake anavomera kuti zinthu zonse Botvinnik. Chifukwa, aakulu sanali wokonzeka nkhondo watsopano udindo ndipo tinataika.

Pambuyo pake mobwerezabwereza kunkhondo dziko Chess korona, koma sizinathandize. Iye anakhala nawo gulu Anatoly Karpov pa kukonzekera kwa machesi ndi Korchnoi ndi Fisher, zopeleka kwambiri kuti kupeza mutu awo Championship.

Ngakhale mavuto amakula ndi thanzi, iye sanafune kuchepetsa mayendedwe a moyo. Atabadwa mwana wake, iye chisudzulo kuchokera Sally, wachiwiri ndi wachitatu m'banja, kubadwa kwa mwana wamkazi, iye anakhalabe munthu wokondedwa onse anakumana moyo, kuchita ndi akazi unsophisticated ndi yosavuta. Iye sanafune kutaya timasangalala ndi masoka - zokoma, koma zoipa chakudya, mowa wabwino, kusuta kwambiri ... Komabe nthawi zina, zimenezi zinachitika chifukwa cha kufunika tisiye kupweteka m'thupi. Kuti kupweteka ndipo anali amachita mankhwala amphamvu.

wapita undefeated

Mu 1988 aakulu Umapeza Dziko Chess Championship malangizo adzafupikitsidwa nakhala ngwazi loyamba la Blitz World. Mu mbiri yake luso mu 1970-80 panali nthawi pamene unbeaten mu thupi zosiyanasiyana inkakhala masewera 90 mu mzere, kumene kuli kupindula chidwi kwa mbuye iliyonse.

Otsiriza boma chipani mu Chess mpikisano Classic aakulu anapambana kwambiri, chinachitika May 5, 1992 ku Barcelona, mdani wake anali Vladimir Akopian. Asanamwalire, iye kwenikweni anathawa chipatala nawo Moscow Blitz Championship, kumene anapambana ndiye dziko ngwazi GARRY Kasparov. Zinali Chess mpikisano wake wotsiriza. Iye anafa July 28, 1992.

Mihail Nehemevich aakulu anapita mu mbiri osati waluntha Chess player, mmodzi wa romantics lotsiriza la masewera wakale, komanso kwambiri makhalidwe awo, amene asunga kukumbukira anthu ambiri mu dziko lathu ndi mayiko ena.