Gidon Kremer: yonena ndi ntchito

Pakati pa oimba vayolini ambiri amene anapereka dziko chikhalidwe cha Soviet nyimbo sukulu, Kramer ali ndi malo apadera. Luntha, kuchulukitsa ndi ntchito mphamvu yaikulu, kuphatikiza bwino udindo pagulu - makhalidwe onsewa achita iye kutchuka wautali kwambiri padziko lonse. Chinthu chachikulu ndi ankasiyana Gidon Kremer kumayambiriro kwa ntchito yake zochita - kufunafuna kulemera zamalankhulidwe, kupeza mbali watsopano wa uzimu.

Zimenezi zimaonekera kusankha kwa kuphedwa kwa ntchito za Oimba amene ankafuna mitundu yatsopano - ndi zachilendo ndi choyambirira. Mu ntchito ya zeze chakale, iye - ndi katswiri m'lingaliro apamwamba a mawu.

Woyimba zeze m'badwo wachinayi

Choyamba anatenga chida mu manja ake pamene iye anali zaka zinayi ndi theka. Gidon Kremer yakhala ananena kuti tsoka lake linasindikizidwa Asanabadwe. Banja oimba vayolini onse, ndi luso nyimbo anapatsidwa mlingo chibadwa. Pamene February 1947 Riga mu banja la Marianne ndi Marcus Karlovna Povich Kremer mwana wamwamuna, zosankha za ntchito yake nyimbo ankaoneka achilengedwe.

Akuchikazi agogo - Karl Bruckner - ankadziwika ku Ulaya, woyimba zeze ndi musicologist, ndipo mu Riga - Pulofesa wina wa pa Conservatoire. Iye analinso anabadwa mu banja la oimba mu Germany, ndi mkubwela kwa Anazi anakakamizika kupita ku ukapolo, woyamba mu Estonia, ndiye mu Latvia. Mwina, mu tsogolo la ukapolo, ndi agogo ake, ndipo bambo ake, omwe banja anali anthu oposa 30 - akuvutika chifukwa cha Nazi, tikuona magwero a maganizo andale Gidon, amene wakhala akuchita zionetsero boma nkhanza munthu, malamulo aukali national pa mlingo uliwonse.

Sukulu wabwino

mphunzitsi wake woyamba Gidon Kremer wakhala ankaona bambo ake. Kuyambira iye anatenga mfundo zikuluzikulu zomwe zitha bwino mwa khama. Monga imanenera Markus Filippovich, njira ya kuimba vayolini m'pofunika kuti adziwe zaka 16, mwinamwake zidzakhala mochedwa kwambiri. Choncho, maola tsiku la makalasi kuti wamba kwa woimba wotchuka kuyambira ndili wamng'ono. Kupeza maphunziro methodical nyimbo, anayamba kuphunzira pa Riga Music School. Emilya Darzinya.

Mu 1965, iye anasamukira ku likulu la Soviet Union ndipo analowa Moscow Conservatory, kumene anakhala wophunzira wa wanzeru woyimba zeze Davida Oystraha. Kuyambira pachiyambi penipeni pa maphunziro mnyamatayu amasankha kudzapereka kwambiri mwaukadaulo zovuta ntchito, ndi mapeto a inali ndi ankalandira mbiri ya katswiri uyu, amene chibadidwe musicality yapadera imeneyi ndi akuya kumvetsa katswiri onse chakale akavalidwe watsopano pa luso zeze ndi.

Kuzindikira loyamba

Kumapeto kwa kalasi m'chaka cha Oistrakh kwambiri, mu 1969, Gidon Kremer nawo mu zeze mpikisano mu Genoa. Pulogalamu mpikisano zikuphatikizapo zinthu zina kuphedwa Caprices wa Paganini, dzina ndipo amavala mpikisano umenewu unali wotchuka. Achinyamata Soviet woyimba zeze anapata mphoto yoyamba. Mu chaka chomwecho anakhala wopambana wa mphoto wachiwiri mpikisano mwambo umene unachitikira ku Montreal, anasowa malo oyamba Vladimira Spivakova.

Chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa chitukuko cha ntchito woimba anayamba Tchaikovsky mpikisano mu Moscow. Mu 1970, mwini wake wa mphoto yoyamba mwa oimba vayolini Gidon Kremer anayamba. Photos wa wojambula wamng'ono lofalitsidwa onse kutsogolera nyimbo mabuku padziko lonse. chigonjetso zazikulu anamuika dzina achinyamata woyimba zeze analidi otchuka. Popeza anayamba yogwira konsati ntchito Kremer pa enawo padziko lonse.

emigrant

Iye konse kuti iye monga dissident bwino, ndipo mawu ake ali anamva chidwi ndi chikhalidwe cha dziko, amene anakomoka mu 1990s oyambirira, ndipo anakhala wolowa la Soviet Union. Koma ndisanayesepo oyenera boma moyo Soviet, amene motsatira malangizo a boma ndi matupi maganizo. Mwa nyimbo anasankha kuchita zambiri amene anali osavomerezeka ndi kasamalidwe, ntchito zambiri za anthu amene anali a manyazi Soviet ndi reactionary analemba kumadzulo.

Iye anali abwenzi ndi Alfredom Shnitke, iye anali yoimba loyamba la nyimbo. Ankasewera Sofyu Gubaydullinu, Edison Denisov, Giya Kancheli - Oimba amene ntchito si woyenera mu maonekedwe zili mu chimango cha luso osamva zolondola. Woyimba zeze, ndi wopambana wakale kupikisana ambiri padziko lonse, osati kupereka mayina aulemu boma kunyumba.

Mu 1980, amene anasiya Soviet Union ndi dzina inaletsedwa ku dziko, anatembenuka Gidon Kremer. Wambiri ya woyimba zeze wakhala n'zogwirizana ndi Germany. Makonsatiwo koyamba mu dziko pambuyo yopuma anatenga zaka khumi zokha ina.

zofunika

Adzaupereka kwa oimba amene amaona zosangulutsa ndi zosangalatsa mbali waung'ono kwambiri za luso lake. Taganizirani omvera sangathe kuona music, wosiyana kapangidwe ankalimbikitsa ndi kutsimikiziridwa, iye anati nagonjetsa kwambiri kwa iye. Chifukwa cha ichi, Kremer zambiri umatsutsana ndi makampani umboni ndi zoimbaimba okonza, amene sanafune pachiswe chidwi anthu a, kupereka ntchito zake zachilendo ndi experimental, nyimbo kumafuna ena maganizo khama.

Zeze tingachipeze powerenga chopereka iye zinthu zofunikira zisudzo moyo. Music okonda anayamikira kutanthauzira wake wapadera wa ntchito m'gulu gulu otchuka. Pankhaniyi, Gidon Kremer wa Schnittke, Gubaidulina za Astor Piazzolla, Filippe Glasse akuti, ngati nsonga nyimbo si zazing'ono kuposa Bach, Beethoven kapena Tchaikovsky. Nenani omvera njira kwa iwo - ntchito oyenera wojambula iliyonse yaikulu.

Gvadalini, Stradivari, Guarneri, Amati

The katswiri wotchuka Kremer kamodzi anati, kuti asaone malingana ndi chida kuti ali zinachitikira kuimba vayolini ntchito chi. Pa nthawi yomweyo, anatsindika ubwenzi wapadera pakati pa woimba ndi chida chake, chimene chiri zina lachinsinsi. Kugwirizana kwa maubwenzi amenewa akhoza kukwaniritsa matsenga, ananena Kremer. Gidon Markusovich ananena kuti anali mwayi kusewera pa zitsanzo kwambiri za imfa namatetule izi.

Zeze anapanga Dzhovanni Batista Gvadalini, iye analandira kwa agogo ake - Karla Bryuknera. Iye chinamuthandiza kuti tipambane Tchaikovsky mpikisano. Mu moyo wake anali Stradivarius ndi Guarneri, amene anapereka kwa oimba a wotchuka chipinda oketsra anakhazikitsa "Kremerata Baltica". Masiku ano, umachita zida zambiri wakale, olengedwa mwa 1641, ntchito ya Nicolò Amati.

Paulendowu

Iye ali mu ndege zonse. chionetsero ambiri, zisudzo ndi oimba wamng'ono Baltic anasonkhana "Kremerata Baltica" pamodzi ndi ziyenda bwino. Iye anaima ndi bungwe Komiti Music Festival mu Lockenhaus, Austria, amene wakhalapo kwa zaka zoposa zitatu. Kremer zafalitsa mabuku angapo prose autobiographical, iye mwachangu kuyankha zinthu zikuluzikulu, kuphatikizapo malo mu Russia.

"Mpaka pano, kuphunzira kukhala ...!" - kotero analemba nkhani Gidon Kremer. moyo monga woimba ali ogwirizana kwambiri. Mwana wamkazi - Anastasia ndi otchuka mu Ammayi Russian ndi TV Lika Kremer - anavomereza kuti, pitirizani kusangalatsa atate wake mpaka tsopano. Zolinga za woimba wa - kusamukira kukhazikikamo mu dziko mbiri popanda kuchepetsa mayendedwe a ntchito ya kulenga.