Zilandiridwenso ndi mbiri mwachidule Zamyatina Evgeniya

Zamyatin Evgeniy Ivanovich (1884-1937), Russian wolemba. Anabadwa January 20 , 1884 m'chigawo Makhachkala. Bambo ake anali boyar ndipo anali ndi chikoka chachikulu pa mwana wake. Pa nthawi yomweyo anali wansembe ndi kusukulu m'deralo. Amayi Maria A. chinapangidwa ndi mkazi wanzeru kwambiri. Ankasirira ntchito powerenga mabuku, ankakonda akuimba limba. Yevgeny Zamyatin anatengera ambiri luso mothering nayenda mapazi ake. Iye ankaganiza, ndipo anali ndi chidwi zinthu zomwezo zimene mayi ake. Ndi bambo ake anali zawonjezeka. Iwo sadazindikira mzake mwangwiro, ndipo Zamyatin nthawi zonse anamvetsera malangizo a bambo ake.

Zamyatin yonena limasonyeza kuti wolemba moyo wake wonse anaika kuti amanyadira cha makolo ake. Iye ankatanthauza kuti anthu a maganizo ake, ngati kuti ntchito zake kuwerenga ndi nzeru zokwanira iwo.

Ubwana ndi unyamata Yevgeny Zamyatin

Poyamba Zamyatin Lebedyansky analowa zolimbitsa thupi kusukulu pamene bambo ake anali kuphunzitsa. Ndiye wolemba 9 zaka ananditumiza Voronezh sukulu, iye bwinobwino maphunziro ndi n'kulandira mendulo ya golidi mu 1902. Atatha kuphunzitsa pa sukulu ya sekondale iye anapita kukaphunzira pa Institute Polytechnic mu mphamvu ya Shipbuilding. Pamodzi ndi maphunziro pa anayambitsa, iye ankachita nawo misonkhano mabodza. zokakamiza inali mu St. Petersburg, koma pamene wolemba yotentha mchitidwe anayamba kupita ku mizinda ina. Atabwerera Zamyatin analankhula thandizo la Bolsheviks, ndi mwachangu chinathandiza kayendedwe kumanzere. Pa ichi iye anali pansi kumangidwa, ndipo iye anali miyezi ingapo moyo wake anamuika yekhayekha. Panthawi imeneyi katundu adaphunzitsa chinenero (English) ndipo anayesetsa kulemba ndakatulo. Mu Zamyatin nayo nthawi yochuluka yopuma, ndipo anagwiritsa ntchito mwanzeru. miyezi 2 kenako anam'tumiza Lebedyan, koma Eugene mobisa anabweranso St. Petersburg. Kenako anatumanso kumbuyo. Mu 1911 anamaliza ku Institute of Zamyatin. Mwachidule mbiri ndi mbiri ya moyo oyenera kudziwa za izo ana.

Nkhani yoyamba wolemba

Wambiri Zamyatin yokha wolemera kwambiri. Nthawi iliyonse pa moyo wake n'kupita naye zinthu zatsopano. Pa nsonga wa ulemerero adawonekera Zamyatin, pamene mu "Mapangano" lofalitsidwa buku lake "County". Mu nkhani imeneyi analemba za losavuta, moyo chizolowezi anamukwiyitsa ndi anakhumudwa ndi dziko lonse Anfima Baryby. Zojambula analenga furor mwa owerenga.

Zamyatin ankaganiza kuti kalembedwe ka ntchito zake ali pafupi kwambiri neorealism, koma ngakhale, iye anatembenuka ntchito yake mu surrealism grotesque. Patapita zaka ziwiri, Zamyatin anaitanidwa kuti M'khotimo ake buku odana ndi nkhondo "Pakati paliponse." Pambuyo nkhani imeneyi, magazini, limene linatuluka pa ntchito yake yapadera ya "County", ankalandidwa. A wotsutsa odziwika Voronsky anafotokoza maganizo ake kuti kwenikweni nkhani imeneyi anali ngati mnyozo ndale, kulongosola zochitika zomwe zinachitika 1914.

Zikayenda Yevgeny Zamyatin

Share okwera ndi mavuto ndi yonena za mlembi wa iye. Yevgeny Zamyatin anali odziwa m'madzi injiniya. Iye anapita zonse anapita ku Russia malinga ndi dongosolo utumiki. buku "North" linalembedwa mu 1915, limene anafotokoza maganizo onse otsala ku ulendo Solovki. Kale mu 1916 Zamyatin zikugwira ntchito yomanga Zombo Russian mu England. Iwo anali Werfen Zochangamutsa chitopa, Glasgow ndi Sunderland. Analamula zonse ndondomeko yomanga ku London. chokumbukira nthawi imeneyi wake wolemba ananenera mu nkhani yakuti "Islands" ndi "msodzi wa anthu." England wakhala kutsogolera watsopano wolemba kupendanso maganizo ndi makhalidwe awo. ulendo kwambiri zikupezeka mu ntchito ya wolemba, ntchito yake ndi moyo.

Zamyatin ankalemekeza kwambiri anthu amene athandiza awo kuti chitukuko cha anthu masiku ano, koma sizinamulepheretse kulabadira zolakwa za yomanga anthu kumadzulo. Mu 1917, iye anafika ku Petrograd Zamyatin. Wambiri limanena kuti iye anakhala mmodzi wa otchuka kwambiri pa nthawi Russian olemba mabuku. Owerenga amayamikira ntchito zake, anthu otsutsa bwino za iwo.

kwambiri ndi gulu zolembalemba "Serapion Abale" anali Zamyatin. Mwachidule yonena za wolemba akulongosola zimene anayamba kukhala ndi nkhani pa Institute Polytechnic, analankhula za uthenga wa mabuku Russian mu Institute. Herzen ndipo ine chinkhoswe mu chitukuko cha achinyamata angapo Yunivesite. Ngakhale kuti ntchito ndi ophunzira, Zamyatin sanakhulupirire kuti amatha kuzindikira ena ntchito zikuluzikulu, sanaone angathe kulenga ya munthu. Popeza kuti zonse momuzungulira ankaoneka Zamyatin tanthauzo, anthu salinso iye kukhala munthu.

Mu nkhani, "Mayi" ndi "The Cave," wolemba anafotokoza maganizo ake za chikominisi. Mfundo imeneyi chifukwa anali wofanana ndi gawo zinachokera chitukuko anthu, kayendedwe ka phanga munthu Wamphamvuyonse. Ankakhulupirira Zamyatin. Wambiri imasonyeza ndi chikhulupiriro chake.

Ganizo yaikulu ya Proletkult enaake pamaso pa Zamyatin

Yevgeny Zamyatin ankaganiza kuti kunali koyenera kuwafotokozera anthu kuti kusintha kwathunthu mu dziko masiku ano zinachokera pa chiwonongeko cha makhalidwe abwino a munthu. Against maziko a zoterozo maganizo operekedwa America, buku "Ife" mu 1920, Zamyatin. Wambiri ndi ntchito anachititsa chidwi mu West. Chifukwa chakuti ntchito linalembedwa mu Russian, wolemba anamutuma kwa Berlin kampani knigopechati Grzhebina kwa kumasulira wathunthu mu Chingerezi. buku wakhala bwinobwino anasamutsidwa, kenako anamasulidwa ku New York. Ngakhale buku sanali lofalitsidwa mu Soviet Union, koma otsutsa anachita izo mwamphamvu kwambiri.

20s

Mu 20s yonena Zamyatin zinali zodzaza ndi kutulutsidwa kwa zatsopano. Anayesetsa nthawi zonse. Iye analemba kuti chiwerengero cha masewero:. "Society Wolemekezeka Bell-Ringers," "Attila", "Nthata" Ntchito izi anali kuyamikira, chifukwa mfundo zake za moyo mu Soviet Union sanamvetse wotsutsa wina.

kalata Stalin

Mu 1931, Zamyatin anazindikira kuti Union izo Soviet ziribe chochita, ndipo anapita kuti akapereke kalata yake yopita Stalin. Kalata anachitira ndi mwayi kupita kudziko lina. Iye anati ndi wolemba ndi chakuti chilango koipa kuti zitha kukhala kwa mwini - anawapatsa lamulo kuchita. Ndi ndithu nthawi yaitali kuganiza za kusuntha kwake. Ngakhale kutsutsana onse, anakonda dziko lakwawo ndi akusamba anali patriot. Choncho, analenga nkhani ya "Russia" imene inafalitsidwa kumbuyo mu 1923. Zinali umboni yowala chikondi kwa Mama ndi mumve za maganizo a mwamuna wamkulu, Yevgeny Zamyatin. Wambiri mwachidule inanena kuti mu 1932, wolemba mothandizidwa ndi Gorky akadali anatha kupita moyo mu France.

Moyo Paris

Pamene Zamyatin anafika ku Paris, anakhala kumeneko ndi nzika Soviet. Wachita mabodza mabuku Russian, kokaonera mafilimu, zisudzo kunja. Nkhani yaikulu olembedwa ndi Zamyatin kunja - "Mliri wa Mulungu". Iyo inali ntchito lotsiriza la Mlengi. Iye analemba mu Paris mu 1938. Zamyatin zinali zovuta kwambiri kusintha moyo m'dziko lina, wolemba kwambiri kwathu, ndipo maganizo ake onse anali pa zinthu extraneous, osati zilandiridwenso. nkhani zonse zolembedwa mwa iye, iye anayesa kupereka Russian, chifukwa kwenikweni sanafune kufalitsa chilichonse kunja. Zinali mwamtheradi njira yake. Mosamala anaonerera zimene zinali m'buku la Russia. zaka zambiri kenaka kwawo anayamba kuchitira iye mosiyana. Anthu anazindikira iwo anataya ena wolemba.

Zaka zomalizira za moyo wa Yevgeny Zamyatin

Wambiri Zamyatin ndi zosokoneza kwambiri ndi sizimadziwika. Palibe ankadziwa kuti mapeto zonse zidzakhala kwa wolemba mwanjira imeneyo. Mu May 1934, Zamyatin anatenga Writers 'Union Koma izo zikuchitika kale kulibe. Ndipo mu 1935, iye anali nawo mwakhama ntchito za Anti-lopondereza Congress kutetezela Culture, pamodzi ndi nthumwi Soviet.

Imfa ya Evgeniya Ivanovicha Zamyatina

Iye anafa wolemba March 10, 1937. Iye anaikidwa mu mzinda wa Paris, ku manda pa Thiais. Pambuyo pa zaka zovuta anabwera kuzindikira belated pamene iye anafa Zamyatin Evgeniy Ivanovich. yonena kukusonyeza kuti atamwalira lalikulu wolemba ntchito yake anayamikira kwambiri. Iye adzakhala wonyada kwambiri kuti ntchito yake anali chabe, ntchito zolembedwa zina mwa mbiri ya dziko ndi mabuku zoweta. Iye potsiriza anadziwika. Mwatsoka, wolemba sanakhalanso ndi moyo kuwona tsiku pamene anthu ankatha kulandira ndi kumvetsa ntchito yake zovuta.