Wojambula Bakst Lev Samoylovich: yonena, zilandiridwenso

Bakst Lev - Chibelarusi wobadwa Russian mu mzimu, amene anakhala zaka zambiri ku France, mu mbiri lotchedwa ndi Russian wojambula kwambiri, zisudzo likutipatsa zojambulajambula, mlengi. ntchito yake mwachidwi zochita zambiri za m'ma 20 paluso, kuti Chili ndi maonekedwe a impressionism, chimakono ndi ophiphiritsa. Bakst - mmodzi wa wotsogola kwambiri ndi zovuta kuzimvetsa ojambula zithunzi Russian kutembenukira kwa zaka za m'ma, amene kunathandiza amphamvu osati pa zoweta, komanso chikhalidwe dziko.

Banja ndi Childhood

Bakst Lev Samoylovich anabadwa mu 1866 mu banja Ayuda chikale mu mzinda Chibelarusi wa Grodno. Banjali linali lalikulu, ndi maganizo banjalo. Bambo anga anali katswiri m'buku la Talmud, ndipo ankachita nawo malonda, ndalama sanali mkulu, kotero mwana zambiri ankabwera agogo ake St. Petersburg. Anali wolemera moti anali yapamwamba telala, wokondedwa mwanaalirenji ndi moyo mkulu, anatsogolera njira Parisian wa moyo umene uli kutikonda kwambiri mdzukulu wawoyo. Iye anali wamkulu zisudzo-goer ndipo anaika chilakolako izi Leo. Zinali polemekeza mnyamata wake agogo amatenga dzina la Bakst, kuchepetsa pang'ono, m'malo weniweni ake - Rosenberg, amene ankaoneka kuti iye ndakatulo. Ngakhale ndili mwana, chithunzicho tsogolo ankakonda kusewera zithunzi kutsogolo kwa alongo ake, mnyamatayo anali kuganiza za kuthengo ndi zoonekeratu ndingaliro kwa kupenta.

Ntchito ndi Training

Ndili ndi zaka 12, iye anapambana mpikisano chithunzi yabwino Zhukovsky mu zolimbitsa thupi la. Bakst Lev ankafuna kuphunzira kupenta, koma bambo ake sanamuzindikire chinthu choterocho zosafunikira mu moyo, monga kujambula, ndipo kwa nthawi yaitali, mnyamatayo anali kungokamba ngati nthano chizolowezi wake m'seri, usiku. Pamene mkangano yomaliza atate zokapempha uphungu kwa ziboliboli Mark Antokolsky, zojambula m'tsogolo zojambulajambula anatumizidwa ku Paris. Ndipo pamene reply chidatengedwa kuti ntchito ndi kuoneka bwino lomwe talente wolemba, bambo ake anagonja.

Mu 1883, mnyamata analandira mongodzipereka pa St. Petersburg Academy of Tirhana. Leon Bakst, amene yonena tsopano mpaka kalekale kugwirizana ndi luso anaphunzira pansi pa aphunzitsi monga Chistyakov, Asknaziya, Wenig, anasonyeza zotsatira zabwino mu zaka zinayi. Komabe, kutaya mpikisano Academy pa Mendulo siliva, mnyamata masamba sukulu. ntchito yake chachotsedwa mndandanda wa ophunzira chifukwa chakuti anthu onse mu chithunzi pa mitu m'Baibulo anali ndi makhalidwe Ayuda. wojambula Izi sakanakhoza kupirira izo. Luso la zojambula maphunziro, analandira ku sukulu, adzakhala wofunika kwambiri kwa iye m'tsogolo.

Kufunafuna njira zaluso

Kusiya sukulu, Bakst Lev kukakamizidwa kufunafuna ndalama, bambo wake anamwalira ndipo iye anali kuthandiza banja lathu makamaka nakhala agogo. Iye anathandiza pa maphunziro ake anayamba kuyankhulana, kufalitsa komwe anayamba kupanga mabuku aulere. Zokondweretsa za ntchito imene sinapulumutse, koma ndalama anabweretsa. Mu 1890 iye kufupi ndi Benoit abale, iwo atchule Bakst mu nkombero wa achinyamata kulenga pang'onopang'ono. Muulamuliro awo, chithunzicho ndi chidwi watercolor. Ndi bwalo lino, amene ndiye kuwasandutsa kuyanjana luso "World wa Art" maganizo anapanga Bakst ndi malamulo ake kupenta. Mu 1891 Leo kwa nthawi yoyamba kupita kudziko lina, anapita ku Germany, Italy, Belgium ndi France, kuyang'ana pa zinthu zochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Kuyambira 1893 mpaka 1896 anaphunzira situdiyo aluso French ku Paris. Panthawi imeneyi, Leo amakhala woyamba kudziwika monga watercolorist wabwino.

Bakst-chithunzi

Wojambula Leon Bakst mowirikiza amakakamizidwa kuti muzikachita madongosolo kuti sizikondweretsa iye. Anapuma ndi ophatikizidwa malingaliro awo izo zithunzi, amene pang'onopang'ono kukhala wotchuka. Iwo anafotokoza m'njira olondola a chithunzicho, katswiri wake wa zojambulajambula ndi luso kudutsa mu kuwerenga maganizo a munthuyo. Kukhala anayamba kupenta zithunzi mu 1896, iye zina anatembenukira kwa mtundu wanyimbo izi mu moyo. Mwa ntchito zake zabwino amatchedwa zithunzi za Alexander Benois, Levitan, ntchito okhwima m'zaka za m'ma 20, zithunzi Z. Gippius, I. Rubinstein, Sergei Diaghilev ndi namwino wake, Jean Cocteau, W. zukini. Ambiri mwa cholowa kulenga wa mmisiri kupanga zithunzi iye sketched izo chidwi zithunzi sketched anzanu anzawo.

zojambulajambula Bakst

Leon Bakst, amene zojambula ndi chidwi zosiyanasiyana, zambiri kwambiri ndi njira kupenta. Iye akanakhoza kulemba ndi zikoti wandiweyani, ndipo akhoza kulenga ukonde zovuta ndi glaze wa. Iye pang'ono ntchito mu mtundu wanyimbo kwa malo, koma ntchito alipo amasonyeza masomphenya impressionistic wa mmisiri. Mu ntchito za "pafupi Nice," "Olive Grove", "mpendadzuwa pansi pano" unamuthandiza ndi mpweya wa chilengedwe opatsirana chidaliro maganizo a wolemba. Leon Bakst, chionetserocho panopa akutha kusonkhanitsa ambiri mafani cha ntchito yake kumzinda uliwonse mu dziko, ine sanaganize chidaliro mu zojambulajambula lapansi. N'zosavuta kugonjera chikoka kunja ndipo sanapange bwino, unsembe wake kulemba. Koma katswiri undoubted ndi ntchito yake "chakudya", "Cafe", "wakale mantha."

Bakst ndi zisudzo

Koposa zonse, maluso awo Bakst Lev Samoylovich tikuonera ntchito ed. Iye anali kutikonda kwambiri fomu iyi luso. Leon Bakst, amene chionetsero cha chilengedwe ed ndi zovala amazisonyeza limodzi ndi Zindikirani, kwambiri ndi chimwene akugwira ntchito zisudzo Sergei Diaghilev. Iye kwakukuru atamukoka kuvina "Scheherazade", "Cleopatra", "Narcissus," "The Firebird." Bakst anali weniweni Co-Mlembi wa masewera, organically embodying mfundo za wotsogolera kuona malo bwinobwino, kuunikira, zovala. Popeza 1910, chithunzicho amakhala ku Paris ndi ntchito ndi zisudzo Sergei Diaghilev. Ndi mu mgwirizano naye Bakst zimapangitsa kusintha kwenikweni mu scenography ndi zisudzo kamangidwe.

talente osiyanasiyana

Bakst Lev osati adadziwa ndi chithunzi ndipo anapereka kamangidwe, kwenikweni, iye anali wojambula. Iye zambiri ankabwera ndi zovala, osati pa siteji. Zinali iye amene anakwera kudza ndi chizindikiro, monga lero akanati, ndi chizindikiro kwa magazini "World wa Art". Iye analenga kapangidwe mkati chifukwa boudoirs madona kaso, kuika Diaghilev. Bakst ntchito pa chilengedwe cha expositions. Ntchito pa ed zovala, Leo anapeza talente yake stylist, anasolola zina zachidule wa madiresi madona 'ndipo anakhala mafasho weniweni kalembedwe ano. Komanso, iye anali mphunzitsi wabwino. Elizabeth Zvantsev anaitanidwa 1900 Bakst zaluso sukulu, kumene iye anayesa kuthandiza matalente achinyamata kupeza kalembedwe wake kupenta. Iye ndiye anali woyamba anaona luso mu mwana wake - Marc Chagall.

moyo

Leon Bakst, amene zojambula apambananso kwambiri ndi kum'tulutsa yotchuka kwambiri, anali unlucky kwambiri pamoyo wake. chikondi chake choyamba kwa French Ammayi Marcel Josse anadandaula kwambiri. Iwo inatha yekha ndi kunyamuka chithunzicho ku Paris. Mu St. Petersburg, iye agwa m'chikondi ndi mwana wamkazi wa P. Tretyakov, amene pa nthawiyo anali mkazi wamasiye wa mwana m'manja mwake. Bakst amatenga Lutheran kukwatira wake wokondedwa. Ukwati anali wolephera, ngakhale anabadwa mwana wa mmisiri - Andrew. Banjalo anakhala nthawi yambiri popanda ndipo m'kupita linatha mu 1910. Koma anapitiriza kukhala mabwenzi ake Mkazi wakale ndi stepdaughter mu 1921, iwo anali atandipempha anatha kusiya Soviet Union ndi kukhazikika mu Paris.

Mu zaka zomalizira za moyo wake Bakst ankagwira ntchito mwakhama kwambiri Paris, America, England, kuchichepetsa thanzi lake, ndi December 28, 1924, anamwalira mwadzidzidzi.