Volgograd linali dzina patsogolo? A mwachidule mbiri ya mzinda

mzinda, amene wachita ntchito yaikulu kwambiri mbiri ya Russia lero - ndi mzindawo ndi anthu okhala pa milioni. Nkhaniyi itithandiza kupanga MPATUKO m'mbiri ya mzinda ndi kuyankha funso mmene poyamba ankatchedwa Volgograd. Mu mbiri yonse linakhalapo, izo anasintha dzina kawiri.

Kodi Volgograd

Kodi dzina la kale, ndi momwe mzinda anayamba? Idamangidwa m'zaka 16 mochedwa, koma Ofufuza ambiri amakhulupirira kuti kuthetsa zinakhalapo kwa nthawi yaitali, mu masiku a Mongol-Chitata goli. Pamodzi ndi Samara ndi Saratov, Tsaritsyn mzinda anakhazikitsa ngati linga asilikali Cossacks asilikali ndi warlord m'dera Grigoriem Zasekinym pa behest wa Ivana Groznogo pambuyo kulanda ufumu wa Astrakhan Muscovy. Dera anali malonda yogwira ndi Caspian magawo, choncho pali Akufunika kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha amalonda, Chifukwa ndalama ndi katundu wa malonda Volga njira, kuchokera anawazunza nomad. The linga inkatetezedwa ndi oponya mivi ntchito kuzungulira koloko, lomwe ndi nsanja anaukitsa Alamu kaboma.

Kukula kwa mzinda

Volgograd dzina la kale, mpaka 1925? Mpaka nthawi kuti ankatchedwa Tsaritsyn. Mofulumira osauka mzinda anayamba atasamukira ku banki lamanja la kwambiri Russian mtsinje Volga, pambuyo chigonjetso chomaliza khamu kuthengo. okhalamo ankasiyana wochangamuka ndiponso akhama, kotero midzi paramilitary kunja kwa mzinda wa boma Tsarina msanga anatenga amati wamalonda mzinda. Koma mu zaka za mbiri yake nthawi zambiri yotchuka wotchedwa Tsaritsyn "Ponizova libertines", monga m'munsi Volga kupita Osokera akapolo ndi anthu wamba ku Russia. Mu mbiri osungidwa mayina a Ngwazi wotchuka, omenyana kwa anthu ufulu azikhalamo - Stepan Razin, Kondrat Bulavin, Emelyan Pugachev.

Monga dzina Volgograd

Kodi dzina ntchito mzinda ndi zimene mbiri ya aliyense wa dzina - samadziwa chilichonse. Iwo omwe si olimba mu mbiri, ena kuti Tsaritsyn dzina lake polemekeza Mfumukazi Catherine Wamkulu. Ichi ndi kopanda wolakwika, ngakhale kukhala osinthika ake kuchokera uzkovoennogo midzi mu mzinda kukula mofulumira. Ndipo dzina anayambitsa zikomo kwa mtsinje yaing'ono kwa Mfumukazi, kumene kunali akasupe ochepa. Koma zaka zisanu zapitazo, mtsinje njira adakwaniritsidwa, ndipo mofulumira kwambiri anagwira madzi ake dongo mu Volga. Pakuti mtundu wa Mongol-Chitata anatchedwa mtsinje tipitirize-Lamulungu, kutanthauza "madzi yellow". Kenako dzina ili kunaoneka ndi khutu ngati mfumukazi, choncho dzina loyamba la mzindawo.

Kungotchula loyambirira la linga la Tsaritsyn ikukhudzana bwanji ndi 1589, kotero kuyambira tsiku lino akuganiza kuti boma, ndipo zinali naye ali ndi mbiri ya Volgograd. Kodi dzina la pafupi ndi mzindawo, ndipo kodi dzina loyamba, tsopano inu mukudziwa.

M'ma 20

Mu masiku a zisinthe October ndi Civil nkhondo, mzindawo unali pa mphambano kumenyana pakati pa Red ndi makamu White. Alonda White amene anagwira mzinda, kwambiri anachitira ndi analandidwa omenyana wofiira - iwo anadula ndi malupanga. zimaononga amayambidwa kwa nzinda: zogona, chikhalidwe-zoweta nyumba ataphwasula pansi, pansi kudzipatula madzi ndi sewerage, ndi mphamvu pafupifupi kuwonongedwa mafakitale. Pambuyo kubwezeretsedwa kwa mzinda. Choyamba anapezerapo makampani zimphona: Zitsulo, matabwa, zomera nkhuni processing, pambuyo mzere okhazikika hosiery kuluka ndi chovala mafakitale, anamanga ndi anapezerapo makampani chakudya.

dzina yachiwiri

Monga poyamba anaitanidwa Volgograd (1925-1961)? Mu 1925 m'tauni zinasintha dzina lace mpaka Tsarina Stalingrad. Kumene, renaming izi amagwirizana ndi Stalin, amene mu 1922 anali Mlembi General wa Party Communist. Pa nthawi imeneyi, mzinda anthu 112 zikwi, iye anali chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi malo mawu alionse mwa mizinda mu Russia. Patapita zaka ziwiri anthu anali kale 140.000, amene anali kutsogolera kwa yaikulu yomanga nyumba.

M'tsogolo, mzinda, ngati dziko lonse, kukhala mbali ya mafakitale. koyamba mu dziko linamangidwa thalakitala ina ndi "Red October" - zitsulo mbewu - anayamba kutulutsa apamwamba zitsulo.

nkhondo

Koma nkhondo anagogoda pansi kuchokera pansi pa mapazi onse kuponderezedwa. Kuyambira masiku chake choyamba cha Stalingrad anakhala nkhokwe yaikulu mu kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Russia. bwino mafakitale opangidwa ndi kukonza akasinja, sitima, makina. Mu mzinda wa gulu la asilikali dziko linakhazikitsidwa ndi battalions eyiti. Anafika miyeso lalikulu yomanga kumbuyo. sitima mizere zinamangidwa, anachita mbali yaikulu kupereka asilikali. Popeza 1942, Stalingrad anasonyeza zonse anawazunza mdani mphamvu mpweya chitetezo m'deralo.

City ntchito ndipo anamenya nkhondo ngakhale ankhondowo lopondereza, analinkung'ambika kuchokera mapulani Hitler. mdani lamulo anatumiza kwa Stalingrad magulu awo kusankha. Ngati iwo anakwanitsa kugonjetsa waukulu chidwi ndende ya asilikali, izo zikanakhala kwambiri asinthe nkhondo. Koma Stalingrad amakana anakana alimbane, kukana wake amunamuna a asilikali Soviet analola kusamukira ku tingalimbanirane. Nkhondo, asilikali Soviet analenga zinthu kusintha njira ya nkhondo. Kumayambiriro kwa mdani wa Stalingrad izo osati anaima, komanso wosweka m'thupi ndipo anasowa.

Chikumbutso zovuta

Nkhondo lodziwika bwino kwa Stalingrad anatsala, kutembenuzira mumzindamo bwinja. Pokumbukira nkhondo imeneyi anamanga chikumbukiro wotchuka Mamayev Kurgan kwa dziko wotchuka chipilala "achemera Mama!" Anakhala chizindikiro cha mzinda. Iye zotsatizana zaka zisanu ndi zinayi, kutalika kwake - mamita 55, kulemera - matani 8,000, zovuta ndi mbali ya zisanu ndi ziwiri zodabwitsa wa Russia. The chipilala limaonekera kuchokera ku mbali zonse za mudzi.

Monga poyamba ankadziwika Volgograd? Mpaka 1961 anavala dzina amanyadira Stalingrad, koma, ngakhale tanthauzo la m'mbiri la dzina la akuluakulu dziko asankha Sinthani dzina mzinda zinapereka dzina wachitatu - Volgograd, chifukwa malo m'mayiko ambiri. Malinga ndi olemba mbiri, lingaliro limeneli linayikidwa patsogolo kuti athane ndi mwambo wa umunthu Stalin.

Choncho Mwakumana ndi mbiri mwachidule za mzinda ndipo tsopano funso lililonse mmene poyamba ankatchedwa mzinda wa Volgograd.