Lachiwiri 143: mbiri ya chilengedwe. Kufotokozera za pomanga

Kufunika kwa nzeru kumbuyo mizere mdani m'ma makumi asanu, pa chiyambi cha nkhondo pakati pa United States ndi Soviet Union udindo lalikulu mu dziko, kupeza kufunika ndege opanda. Tsopano mwini zinakhazikitsa zida kutumikira ndi mayiko ambiri pa dziko lapansi ndipo chiwerengero cha kukula kwake. Koma anthu ochepa chabe amene akudziwa kuti adzabadwira "wochenjera" ndege, amene ntchito mpaka pano, anali Soviet Union, kupanga magalimoto kwambiri reconnaissance ngati Lachiwiri 123, Lachiwiri 143, Lachiwiri-141.

Mmene onse anayamba?

Wosazindikira ntchito magalimoto opanda mu mawonekedwe a balloons kupulumutsa mabomba asilikali Austria anazinga ku Venice anali pachibwenzi 1849 chaka. Theka atumwi, Nikola Tesla cholinga ndi akuyendera, bwato wailesi womwe. Ndipo mu 1910 ku US injiniya asilikali Charles Kettering inamangidwa ndi kuyesedwa nthawi zingapo wa magalimoto opanda mlengalenga (UAVs), koma Mavalidwewa iwo sanapezeke.

mmasate The sankawabisira chitukuko cha kudzikonda anakwanitsa luso reusable mu UK. Limodzi ndi Kutulukira uno, mu Soviet Union mlengi Nikitin analenga oponya-glider ndipo ngakhale cholinga ndi looneka ndi osiyanasiyana 100 Km, koma Zatsala pa pepala. Mu 1940, asayansi German apanga sitima chida choyamba ntchito nkhondowo, ndi injini ndege.

Izo zinali kokha Tikachoka lachiwiri World nkhondo anayamba mpikisano manja m'munda wa opanda pakati pa mayiko a pangano Warsaw ndi NATO, chifukwa omwe pali ntchito UAVs, kuphatikizapo "Flight" Lachiwiri 143.

Kuloŵedwa UAV "Flight"

Mu 1956, mayiko a bungwe la za Warsaw ke anagwirizana asilikali analowa Hungary kubisa maganizo odana ndi chikominisi. Mu nthawi yomweyo Tupolev analenga backroom "K", amene ntchito ndi kukhala mankhwala "C". Patapita chaka chimodzi, Bungwe la nduna za USSR pa ndege chofunika uthengawo akadzafika wachinsinsi monga "chinsinsi" padziko chivomerezocho wa ndege zinthu kuyesedwa "C" kotala chachinayi cha 1958.

Mu encrypted chilengedwe mankhwala chobisika UAV. akutukuka lingaliro a AN Tupolev. Chinsinsi mankhwala ndi zitsulo monoplane ndi phiko mawonekedwe chinapululutsa. Posachedwa ntchitoyi anali wokonzeka mantha machitidwe opanda amatha pa mtunda wa 10 chikwi. Km mopereka zida za nyukiliya koma zagwiridwa ndi dongosolo la NS Khrushchev.

Intelligence zida kudziletsa piloting "Hawk" Lachiwiri 123, omwe anakhala kuloŵedwa m'malo mwa Lachiwiri 143, anapanga ndege koyamba mu 1961. Mosiyana ndi ndege kuukira, ndi ku patsogolo mbali ya kapangidwe anali nzeru zida, osati warhead nyukiliya.

Zolakwa "Hawk" ndi kuti "Reis"

A sangathe woyamba anazindikiritsidwa mu mayesero Lachiwiri 123 zitsulo kutentha tcheru fotolyuki imene pa ndege liwiro la 2700 Km / h ali ndi ming'alu. vutoli, akatswiri Soviet kugwiritsa ntchito kugula Brazil khwatsi mchenga pa malingaliro a ntchito popanga zipangizo zachipatala. Ndi kwa nkhaniyi yaiwisi chinapezeka kutentha zosagwira galasi, ndiyeno zithunzi apamwamba.

The sangathe wachiwiri anali kapangidwe ungwiro wa "Hawk" imene ikugwira ntchito anakhalabe kokha chida chipinda, ena UAV anali disposable. atsogoleri dziko anamvetsa bwino lomwe kufunika kwa chitukuko cha kupulumutsidwa opanda nzeru zovuta. Kenaka ikutchedwa ndi "Flight" Lachiwiri 143. Mbiri ya UAV ikuyamba ndi kulowa kwa asilikali anagwirizana mu Czechoslovakia ndi mawu a atsogoleri a Soviet Union latsopano ntchito Tupolev nyumbayi kupulumutsidwa ndi reconnaissance UAV.

Chirengedwe cha "Reis"

Ntchito pa kukhazikitsa kwa zogula latsopano m'munda wa UAVs kutha. Patapita zaka ziwiri, "Flight" kale ndege chake choyamba. Patapita zaka 4 mayesero ndi kusintha, mu 1976, anatengera ya anatengera asilikali Soviet. tichepetse wa nzeru mwatsatanetsatane - monga yodziwika mu Lachiwiri 143 asilikali. Kupanga prototypes kuchuluka kwa ndalama 10 anagulitsidwa ku Bashkiria mu 1973. Anayamba kupanga siriyo cha zovuta latsopano. Kwa zaka 10 (mpaka 1980) opangidwa okwana ndalama 950.

Amasulidwe zovuta anali anazindikira Mabaibulo awiri: woyamba - ndi zida Zithunzi; wachiwiri - ndi televizioni. Komanso, UAV anali okonzeka ndi cheza kudziwika njira. Mu 1985, pa maziko a akatswiri "Reis" Tupolev analenga chandamale kuti bwinobwino zapita mayesero boma.

Invulnerability mpweya chitetezo - Mbali imeneyi ya Lachiwiri 143. Zida mayiko 6 anali "Flight": USSR, Iraq, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Syria, Romania. Tsopano iye anali mu Ukraine ndi Russia.

tsogolo

Pa mwatsatanetsatane ndege reconnaissance zovuta opangidwa zithunzi zamlengalenga wa kusunga deta pa filimu Zithunzi. Pochita ntchito ntchito mu Lachiwiri 143 zida TV. Onse mitundu ya zinthu nzeru kunachitika masanasana. Mtunda kuti Mzimuyo kuya kwa malowedwe a UAV mu kumbuyo mdani, yodziwika ndi zizindikiro mu 60-70 Km.

The "ndege" a zovuta za:

• Kuyambira ndi kudzikonda injini pa mphepo liwiro osapitirira 15 m / s.
• Mission Control mothandizidwa ndi makina pa bolodi system (Absu).
• Akhoza ma ndege njira.
• Collection ndi kuteteza nzeru mothandizidwa ndi zithunzi TV zida.
• Kutheka tipeze malo cheza.
• Kutumiza deta pa mfundo anapatsidwa ndi kudzera wailesi njira nsanamira pansi lamulo.

Lachiwiri 143: yomanga kufotokoza

UAV "Flight" ali wapadera katundu radiozametnosti. LT Kulikov, munthu opanga waukulu akufuna kuti ankatetezedwa. Kiel, ndi nsonga za mapiko, ndi parachuti chidebe, mphuno la ndegeyo ndi yopangidwa ndi zisulo sanali zachitsulo. N'zotheka kukwaniritsa invulnerability nzeru zovuta.

Amapanga, ndi zida fuselage imakhala ndi zigawo zinayi: uta, zida m'ndegemo thanki mafuta, injini nacelle ndi parachuti chidebe. Mu patsogolo mbali ya zovuta ili zida reconnaissance. Chipinda unapangidwa fiberglass ndipo amapereka fotolyuka.

M'mayiko UAV chifukwa tricycle ankafika zida. thandizo Front lagona mu chipinda chachiwiri, ndi awiri ena amapezeka ku mapanelo phiko. Nagawa ndi kubzala parachutes anafuna damping yopingasa ndi ofukula ndegeyo liwiro.

yokumba

Reconnaissance zovuta ntchito Afghanistan ndi nkhondo Lebanon. Utatha Soviet Union ambiri UAVs kukhala pa dera la Ukraine.

Mu 2001 iye zinalili movutika ntchito TR 143 zolinga maphunziro ngati chandamale. Yonyamula Lachiwiri 154 inagwera kanthawi, amene anapha pafupifupi 80 anthu. chifukwa kunali mwangozi kugunda zida lakonzedwa UAV "Flight."

Onani Lachiwiri 143 (nthawi), monga zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho anasunga zotheka m'madera amenewa:

• The Museum Aviation mu Kiev.
• Museum wa zida za nkhondo ndi zida Spadshchansky Forest.
• Mu mzinda wa Khmelnitsky.
• Prague Aviation Museum.
• Museum. Sakharov.
• Chapakati ndege Moscow.
• Museum wa Air Force mu Monino.

Lachiwiri 143: LTH

• Kulemera - 1230 kg.
• Utali - 8,06 m.
• Msinkhu - 1,545 mamita.
• Mapiko SPAN - 2,24 m.
• Mapiko Area - 2.9 Nchito mamita ^2.
• Osachepera okwera - mamita 10.
• ndege nthawi - mphindi 13.
• Engine Mtundu - TRD TR3-117.
• Kuya kwa kanthu - 95 Km.
• Liwiro - 950 Km / h.