Tsiku lonse la Osamva

Chaka chilichonse pa Lamlungu latha la mwezi woyamba ya nyundo chikondwerero padziko lonse holide - Tsiku la Osamva, ndipo anavomereza mu 1951 mogwirizana ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa International Association a ogontha-mutes. Tsopano iye kumakumbukulidwa pa September 27-29 pachaka.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku, munthu aliyense chinayi Padziko Lapansi lili vuto lakumva. Zimayambitsa matenda zosiyana: zotsatira za matenda, ngozi, malformations kobadwa nako. Padziko lonse, pali za miliyoni 30 osamva ndi osayankhula, ndi Russia chathandiza kuti 40%, 5% ya iwo - ana amene alibe atapeza zaka ambiri. A ambiri anthu ogwirizana ndi vuto wamba, kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo kuthandauza Tsiku mayiko a ogontha.

Mbiri ya wogontha mabungwe kunayamba m'ma 18 ku France.

Njira zophunzitsira Charles Michel Charles-Michel De L'épée

Pa muzu wa Osamva Association ndi kucheza ndi anthu omaliza maphunziro a Institute Paris kwa ogontha m'ma 18. Monga m'masukulu ambiri, sukulu chinalengedwa ndi wansembe, womwe Abbe Charles Michel Charles-Michel De L'épée. Iye analenga oyamba padziko lonse lapansi apadera sukulu ya anthu osamva, komanso ali woyambitsa wa manja ya pedagogy, zochokera ntchito akatswiri European Diderot ndi J. Komeniasi.

Chiphunzitso kugwiritsira ntchito mawu osiyanasiyana zikutanthauza: (mau kulemba ndi kulankhula) ndipo popanda mawu n'komwe (chinenero chamanja) njira. Yotsirizira anali waukulu limodzi. Choncho anayamba kupanga njira wotsanzira chiphunzitso chomwe pambuyo chinasinthidwa njira kulankhulana a ogontha-mutes.

Awo mfundo Charles Charles-Michel De L'épée zafotokozedwa m'mabuku a "Education wogontha kudzera njira otchulidwa" ndi "Njira woona wa kuphunzitsa anthu osamva ndi osayankhula, anatsimikizira mwa zochitika."

Tsiku osamva France

Mfumu ya France ntchito ya wansembe kwavomelezedwa ndi chithandizo anapereka ku sukulu, amene ankagwira ku Ulaya. Koma thandizo sikunali kokwanira, ndi abbot anali kucheza onse a ndalama zawo kwa yokonza bungwe, limene pamapeto pake imawonongeka iye.

Chiyambireni mwa ophunzira 19 m'zaka za Institute a ogontha ku Paris chikondwerero chaka pa kubadwa kwa Charles-Michel Charles-Michel De L'épée mu mwambo wake anakhala mwambo. Ndi mtundu wa tsiku Osamva mu France.

Kenako, mu France, panali zina atatu apadera mabungwe ogontha - Bordeaux, Metz, Chambery, ndipo mu Paris ulipo mpaka lero. Wogontha kumasulidwa ku France mu gulu lapadera, kuti iwo palibe ubale wapadera - iwo ali wabwinobwino yachibadwa moyo.

CHINENERO cHAMANJA

zinenero 2.5 zikwi ali padziko lapansi. Koma chinenero cha maonekedwe ndi manja - mmodzi wa mitundu chidwi kwambiri kuposa kulankhulana. World Federation of Osamva mu dongosolo zaka 50 ya manja wakhala anayamba - zhestuno. Kufunika chinenero uyu kusanduka kwa zochitika utumiki monga congresses, symposia, misonkhano, mpikisano.

Mu buku loyamba lotanthauzira, lofalitsidwa mu 1965, munali mazana atatu ndi manja, ndi mu Nsanja ya 1975 - 1500.

Zhestuno sanali chinenero abwino ndipo anali ndi zolephera zingapo:

• panalibe galamala;
• manja, zinali zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndi nkhani;
• kuyala maziko a zinenero 4 - British, Chitaliyana, American ndi Russian.

Kenako, panafunika zikamera wa chinenero, kugwira ntchito padziko mavuto amenewa. Ndipo panali mayiko gestural kulankhulana amene kusanduka mwachibadwa, popanda kufufuza yokumba alowererepo. dongosolo analola wogontha kulankhula ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana.

Kumwa osamva Russia

Today mu Russia Tsiku Osamva Dziko mwambo, koma ochepa mukudziwa kuti choyamba Russian sukulu ogontha unakhazikitsidwa mu 1802 pa Alexander I. Pamene woyamba apamwamba bungwe maphunziro a ogontha mogwirizana ndi mfundo European inachokera.

Mu zaka za m'ma 20 mu Moscow panali woyamba osati Russia, koma Ulaya sukulu ya mkaka kwa ana osamva. Ngakhale maofesi maphunziro ana chisanadze sukulu zinali zambiri umodzi. maphunziro apadera zachitika mu dongosolo ndipo anayamba okha oyambirira 30 ntchentche. Mu zaka zapitazo. Popeza 90s. Zaka zana la 20 panali 84 masukulu a ogontha (ndi gulu la anthu 11 500), masukulu 76 kwa omvetsera, koma ofooka (gulu la anthu 10 000 m'menemo). Panopa chiwerengero mabungwe wapadera maphunziro, komwe chiphunzitso aphunzitsi chawonjezeka kwambiri. Ndi Tsiku mayiko a ogontha mu malo maphunziro ndi imodzi mwa maholide lalikulu.

Makolo a ana ndi mavuto kumva m'mizinda ikuluikulu Russian (Moscow, St. Petersburg, Rostov pa-Don, Yekaterinburg) ndi mwayi kukonza mwana wawo wophunzira mabungwe wapadera maphunziro, ndiponso malo kukaona deta pa maziko yovomerezeka tsiku lililonse. Wogontha munthu kuyambira kubadwa akuwasamalira ndi ulamuliro wa boma anatenga mu Soviet Union. Iye anachita bwino anamanga dongosolo la maphunziro: chiyambi ku sukulu ya mkaka, anapitiriza mu sukulu yogonera komweko, ndiye sekondale ndi sukulu ntchito.

Wogontha Ana Learning System

Kachitidwe anakhalabe lero. Gardens angathe kutenga ana kwa zaka 1.5. M'mizinda, komwe kulibe wapadera. zida ana osamva anatsegula magulu wapadera mu mabungwe wamba maphunziro. Ana amaphunzira osati kuwerenga malemba, ndinazolowera luso lawo kulemba, kulankhula ntchito zilembo daktilnoy, komanso kuti tikonze maganizo a mwanayo dziko, chitukuko zake "Ine". Kusewera nawo, bungwe zosiyanasiyana zosangalatsa. Kuphatikizapo Osamva Tsiku chikondwerero chaka chilichonse. Ana, ichi ndi chinthu tchuthi weniweni.

Onse-Russian Society of Osamva (VOG)

Onse-Russia ndi anthu ndi kumva kuwonongeka, kupangidwa mu 1926, alipo lero. Wogontha amaphatikizidwa mu gulu limodzi lalikulu, pali kale oposa 90 000.

Monga mbali ya Zonse-Russian Society of Osamva 76 dera ndi pafupifupi 900 maudindo wamba kutumikira nzika wogontha akukhala mu gawo la Chitaganya cha Russia.

kampani Izi zikuphatikizapo mabungwe oposa 340 a chikhalidwe (onse dera ndi mlingo wamba), Moscow otsanzira ndi manja Theatre, azisamaliramo ndi mabungwe.

Ntchito yaikulu ya Chifunga ndi

Kuteteza ufulu ndi kuwongolera moyo wa anthu osamva - izi ndi ntchito yaikulu ya Chifunga lapansi. Kampani mwachangu amagwirizana ndi nyumba boma la mphamvu ndi chifukwa - latsopano feduro mndandanda wa miyeso konzanso, komanso zida ndi ntchito zimene anapereka kwa anthu olumala kwaulere zothandizira kumva, wapadera mafoni, makina fax, alamu, ma TV, chinenero chamanja ntchito kutanthauzira, etc. .

Wina wa ntchito ya Chifunga ndi - kudziŵitsa anthu za moyo wa anthu olumala, mavuto awo, mmene angathetsere. Chikhalidwe wokonda kumene kuli chikondwerero m'dziko lathu la zochitika monga Tsiku mayiko a ogontha - ndi mbalinso yoyamikira awo.

Zokonza pabvomelezo la chinenero chamanja la Russia

Osati popanda VOG mwakhama nawo Russia mu lamulo ovomerezeka chinenero chamanja kumapeto kwa 2012, ndi kusintha komanso wovomerezeka ndi Federal Chilamulo 181 "Pa zodzitetezera pa umoyo wa invalids mu Russian Federation", limamveketsa udindo wa chinenero chamanja mu galamafoniyo Russian, liwulo ngati chinenero kulankhulana ngati pali mavuto ndi kumva ndi / kapena kulankhula. Malinga ndi chilamulo ichi yokonza boma la-kumva maphunziro ayenera kupereka ndi mabuku apadera, zolemba ndi mabuku ena maphunziro, komanso chinenero chamanja ntchito wotanthauzira.

Mwatsoka, kwenikweni, lamulo kuti akuyendera pa zana pa zana. Padakali ndi kusinthidwa ngati maganizo awo chinenero chizindikiro, komanso omasulira, ndi aphunzitsi sikokwanira. Tikukhulupirira kuti posachedwapa zinthu zidzasintha. Kumene, aliyense akumvetsa izo kudzatenga tsiku kuposa wina. anthu ogontha akumva, posapita nthawi! Nzosadabwitsa osamva-wosalankhula mbiri ya chitukuko imayendetsedwa ndi ziwalo zina imalandira popereka maganizo awo ndiponso mtima. Ambiri a iwo ali kwenikweni kwambiri ndi luso anthu.