Kubadwa Kwatsopano Culture

Chitsitsimutso kwa nthawi yoyamba anayamba kuonedwa ngati osiyana mbiri yakale ndiponso zachikhalidwe zapakati pa theka lachiwiri la m'ma 18. Ichi ndi chifukwa cha kubwera kwa Uinkelmana ntchito za European luso. Kukula kwa Kubadwa Kwatsopano chikhalidwe inatenga zaka zoposa zitatu. Unachitikira mu magawo anayi:

- Pre-Kubadwa Kwatsopano (wachitatu lotsiriza la zaka za m'ma 13 ndi m'ma 14);

- oyambirira Kubadwa Kwatsopano (kuchokera m'ma 14 m'zaka za m'ma 15 mochedwa);

- mkulu Kubadwa Kwatsopano (m'zaka za m'ma mochedwa 15 ndi theka zoyambirira za m'ma 16);

- mochedwa Kubadwa Kwatsopano (kwa theka lachiwiri la m'ma 16 kwa zaka za m'ma 17).

German mawu "umunthu" wakhala zaka zoyambirira za m'ma 19 tsiku ndi tsiku. Icho chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito ponena za umunthu chabe la Yesu Khristu. Posachedwapa akuti kufalikira mu mabwalo a anthu ophunzira kwambiri, mawu kawirikawiri zinadziwika kanjedza wa Kubadwa Kwatsopano. Komabe, cholinga kulingalira nthawi ikusonyeza kuti si onse amene ali onyamula woona wa m'dziko latsopano. Ngakhale izi, tikhoza kunena kuti ambiri, ndi Kubadwa Kwatsopano ndi mwachangu mukopedwe mapangidwe kumvetsa amakono a anthu monga udindo umene patsogolo zapatsidwa kwa makhalidwe a anthu.

Nthawi imeneyi ziwerengero za Kubadwa Kwatsopano anali chiphiphiritso "Kuti zinthu!». Choncho, iwo anasonyeza chidwi chawo pa luso ndi mabuku a kale ndi mtima wotsutsana ndi chikhalidwe m'nthawi ya Ages Middle. Yotsirizira analandira ngati unflattering ziyenera a umbuli wa zapamwamba Chigiriki ndi Chilatini machulukitsidwe ndi mawu zachilendo.

chikhalidwe Kubadwa Kwatsopano unakhazikitsidwa muulamuliro yofunika kwambiri osauka anthu bourgeois mu mzinda madera a Italy. Mfundo m'mayiko ena European ili gawo la kulimbana anthu ufulu wawo pa mapangidwe monarchies ndi kuteteza miyambo yakale. Only mu Italy, ndi bourgeoisie anapambana ambuye ndipo anapeza kuti wawo m'mizinda ikuluikulu. Iwo, komanso atsogoleri a mpingo, mafumu ndi osunga ndalama zambiri zinthu monga makasitomala a ntchito zaluso ndi olemba imayendetsedwa ndi ojambula zithunzi. Ngakhale mwa iwo okha Kubadwa Kwatsopano humanists anali anthu ambiri a amazikonda anthu otchuka. Chifukwa chakuti pansi pa ulamuliro kapena zothandizira mipingo yawo ya Byzantium ndiye anakhala ambiri malo mu Italy, chikhalidwe cha Kubadwa Kwatsopano mu dziko anabwera pansi appreciable mphamvu ya East. Izi zimaonekera makamaka mamangidwe ndi luso kukongoletsa. Pali ophatikizidwa miyambo chisilamu ndipo Byzantine ndi mfundo za Gothic.

Kubadwa Kwatsopano chikhalidwe ali ndi zambiri zofanana ndi mochedwa Ages Middle kuposa Ndikufuna zithunzi zake. Choncho, oimira Kubadwa Kwatsopano anafuna kuti adzipatule ndi kulenga mfundo zawo, ndi mapangidwe mabungwe osiyanasiyana osankhika ndi zibonga.

Ngati ziwerengero akale chikhalidwe yakale anatenga yekha kudziwako zina, mfundo, ndemanga, ndiAmene wa Kubadwa Kwatsopano anali ndi chidwi ndi maonekedwe a ntchito wakale, ndi umunthu wake, mzimu wake ndi malingaliro. Koma sizinali kunja kwa funso, kuti achotse zotsatira za dziko la chikristu.

Culture ya Kubadwa Kwatsopano kunali kupitiriza mwachindunji ya Western Ages Middle. Kuchokera kumeneko anatenga lingaliro patsogolo munthu, chikhalidwe ndi mbiri yakale, mankhwala umunthu munthu aliyense, kuzindikira za lachinsinsi chimapangitsa chifukwa wokhalapo, chizolowezi erudition, kugwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro ndi nthano. Kuchokera pamwamba pa worldview Mkhristu, ndipo ankaona kuti zotsatira akale. Koma anali Kubadwa Kwatsopano chikhalidwe ndi kusiyana maganizo, poyerekeza ndi Zapakati. Ziwerengero za Kubadwa Kwatsopano munthu amaonedwa monga pakatikati pa thambo, monga gawo apamwamba mwachibadwa komanso pa nthawi yofanana ndi chilengedwe lake lalikulu. Ndipo kuzungulira dziko zinaoneka ngati zotsatira osati ya manja a Mulungu, komanso dziko lapansi.