The anatengera kwa ndege ya mbalame: zizindikiro. Kodi mbalame ndinazolowera ndege

oimira ambiri a kalasi ya mbalame katswiri chilengedwe pansi mpweya. Anatengera mbalame kuuluka chifukwa peculiarities dongosolo awo kunja ndi mkati. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza zinthu zimenezi mwatsatanetsatane.

Zizindikiro za mbalame kuti azolowere ndege

Zinthu zofunika zimene zingathe nthenga mbuye mpweya malo ndi:

- nthenga;

- kusinthidwa wa forelimbs mu mapiko;

- magazi ofunda;

- opepuka mafupa;

- kupezeka kwa fupa wapadera - ndi muyezo;

- awiri mpweya ;

- adzafupikitsidwa intestine;

- pakalibe n'kuwasanganiza wina akazi;

- bwino anayamba mantha dongosolo.

zizindikiro zimenezi structural pofotokoza mmene mbalame ndinazolowera ndege.

Kapangidwe ka mafupa a

Mosavuta kuuluka kwa mbalame chimatheka makamaka chiyamiko kwa mafupa kuwala. Iwo aumbike fupa mwa amene ali pneumatic patsekeke. M'madipatimenti waukulu wa mbalame mafupa ndi Chigaza, msana, m'chiuno chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi malekezero ndi miyendo mwaulere okha. mafupa ambiri zinaphatikizidwa pamodzi, kupereka mphamvu ya lonse "kamangidwe". Chinthu chapadera ndi kukhalapo kwa mbalame mafupa muyezo. Ichi ndi fupa makamaka amene amagwira minofu, chifukwa mu kayendedwe ka mapiko. Ndi khalidwe chabe kwa mbalame.

zophimba

Features mbalame kuti azolowere ndege kukuchitika chifukwa peculiarities wa integument lapansi. Mbalame ndi gulu chabe la nyama amene matupi okutidwa ndi nthenga. Iwo akhoza kuikidwa m'magulu m'magulu atatu. Woyamba amatchedwa "mizere". Chifukwa cha iwo, thupi mbalame amakhala streamlined. Malinga malo pa thupi ndi ntchito zawo contoured mapiko coverts, ndege ndi mchira. Iwo kuphimba thupi, kupanga contours wa mapiko ndi mchira. Kaya mawonekedwe, aliyense phiko limapangidwa gawo chapakati - wa ndodo, ochuluka amene ali ndi mtima wabwino webs anapanga ndi barbs loyamba ndi lachiwiri mbedza. M'munsi gawo amatchedwa chabe cholembera cholembera.

Gulu lachiwiri ukufanizidwa ndi nthenga nthenga. ndevu zawo wopanda mbedza, kotero vanes si zogwirizana ndi omasuka. Mtundu lachitatu - ndi kufwanyulira. Mbali khalidwe la matabwa ake ndi barbs fluffy kuti zili pa kumalekezero a mtengo ndiwo kwambiri truncated cholembera.

Pa chitsanzo cha nthenga zimaonetsa titha kuona mmene mbalame ndinazolowera ndege. Imakhala lamulo ikukhudzana Mzimuyo mtundu, n'zotheka kuyenda mu mlengalenga. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, mtundu wa mbalame ikhale kubisa kwa adani, komanso mmodzi mwa maonekedwe a khalidwe loonetsa.

magazi ofunda

anatengera izi ndege ya mbalame ndi zofunika kwambiri. Warmblooded zikusonyeza kuti zonse kutentha thupi palokha chilengedwe. Monga amadziwika, ndi kutalika kwa kutentha mpweya akutsikira kwambiri. Ndipo ngati mbalame anali mwankhanzaku ngati nsomba kapena achule, amangoika kuti amaundana pa ndege. Mbali imeneyi ndi chibadidwe gulu la zamoyo chifukwa kapangidwe pang'onopang'ono kwa m'thupi. Iwo ukufanizidwa ndi mtima awiri zinayi chambered ndi kufalitsidwa. Choncho, venous ndi magazi wolumikizira sizimayenderana, ndi mpweya kuwombola zinthu chikuchitika intensively kwambiri.

kapangidwe kunja

thupi mbalame lagawidwa ndi zigawo izi: a mutu, ndi makina pakhosi, thunthu, mchira ndi miyendo. Ili pa maso mutu, mphuno ndi mulomo, yokutidwa ndi nyanga chimakwirira. mano chosowacho kupanga chigaza sizivuta. Zikope ima maso, diso la yothira mwa kuphethira zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana.

The chida chachikulu cha mbalame kuuluka, Ndithu Yankholo mu kusinthidwa wa miyendo chapamwamba. Akusinthika mu mapiko. Miyendo - miyendo m'munsi, kawirikawiri yokutidwa ndi mamba tentha mthupi. Izi Mbali structural anakhaliratu mbalame kuchokera kwa makolo awo - zokwawa nyama. Chiombankhanga kuti ali pa zala ndi kuthandiza mbalame anali pa proverhnosti thandizo.

Kapangidwe mkati mbalame

anatengera mbalame kuthawa zikupezeka mu mbali ya kapangidwe ka kwambiri ziwalo mkati.

Dongosolo m'mimba ukufanizidwa ndi pakamwa, kum'mero, kupanga ukugwirizana ndi - Chotupa chija. Pali zakudya za pansi pa zina mankhwala enzymatic, izo zimakhala zofewa ndipo msanga m'mimba. Kenako chakudya akulowa m'mimba, chomwe m'magulu awiri: a glandular ndi akulu, ndiyeno - mu intestine lapansi. Limadzitsegula kunja cloaca. intestine mbalame ndi adzafupikitsidwa poyerekeza ndi nyama zina. nyumba imeneyi Ikuonetsanso thupi mbandakucha. Undigested chakudya zotsalira si motalika m'matumbo ndipo akhoza kumasulidwa kupyolera cloaca ngakhale pamene ndege.

Anatengera mbalame kuuluka agona mu dongosolo ya ubongo. Ndiyamika chitukuko, nyama ndi mokwanira bwino mtundu masomphenya, amene amalola kuyenda mu mlengalenga mosavuta, ngakhale pa okwera mwachilungamo mkulu. Chabwino-lizigwira kumva. Ndipo chifukwa cha chitukuko cha cerebellum, pa apamwamba msinkhu ndi ndi kugwirizana kayendedwe. Mbalame mwamsanga pamene ankayandikira ngozi kapena kokasaka.

Yaying'ono - Mbali khalidwe la ziwalo zoberekera. Testes amuna ang'ono, nyemba-mphako. Amatsegula ducts awo mwachindunji mu cloaca lapansi. zazikazi kokha n'kuwasanganiza wina. Kapangidwe Izi zimapangitsa kulemera kwa mbalame n'chochepa kwambiri. Linagwira chimachititsanso gonadal pamodzi oviduct, kumene umuna kumachitika ndi ndondomeko, dzira ali ndi zipolopolo ndi Mbali yokhala ngati chipolopolo. Komanso, mwa cloaca atatulukamo.

chizolowezi kupuma

mbalame kuti azolowere ndege nkhawa ndi dongosolo kupuma. Pambuyo tima dongosolo akulu ntchito kumafuna zizipezeka mpweya kuti zimakhala ndi ziwalo. Choncho, pamodzi ndi mpweya kupuma mbalame Palinso matupi zina - matumba mpweya. Izi zina Madamu mpweya ndi buku mokwanira lalikulu. Choncho, mbalame kupuma amatchedwanso wachiphamaso.

Anatengera mbalame chilengedwe

NKHANI dongosolo kunja nthawi zambiri kusinthidwa malingana ndi malo okhala. Mwachitsanzo, woodpecker moyo mu nkhalango ali ndi zikhadabu zakuthwa. Ndi thandizo lawo, anasamukira nthambi za mitengo, atatsamira pa mchira ndi nthenga ouma. Mlomo wa mbalame zikuwoneka ngati chisel a. Mwa kuchigwiritsa ntchito, komanso ndi lilime yaitali yomata iye akutenga tizilombo ndi mphutsi za makungwa, nthangala cones.

Mbalame - okhala mayiwe komanso zifukwa zingapo zipangizo zofunika. Izi miyendo lalifupi m'munsi nembanemba kusambira, nthenga wandiweyani, wothira mafuta madzi sangalowe chinsinsi zopangitsa wapadera. "Chokani nazo" - mawu awa amadziwika onse, zikuoneka chifukwa peculiarities wa moyo wa waterfowl.

Anthu a malo lotseguka - steppes ndi zipululu, ndi coloration zoteteza nthenga, miyendo amphamvu ndi masomphenya kwambiri.

Mbalame gombe - mbuye motsetsereka ndege. Albatrosses, seagulls ndi petrels yodziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa mapiko amphamvu ndi yaitali. Koma iwo kanthawi mchira. Zonsezi zimathandiza anthu m'mphepete mwa nyanja nsomba molunjika ku mlengalenga.

Kodi n'zotheka kuona nyama pa mtunda wa mamita mpaka chikwi? Kwa mbalame zodya nyama si zovuta. Chimphamba, Mphamba, mphungu - oimira owala pa gululo. Iwo ndi lalikulu yokhota kumapeto mulomo, amene akathyole ndi chakudya misozi. A amphamvu zikhadabu zakuthwa wosasiyapo mwayi yothawira. Ogwirira amatha tiwolokere mu mlengalenga kwa nthawi yaitali chifukwa mapiko waukulu kwambiri. Ndipo amene kusaka usiku, Komanso ndi masomphenya lakuthwa ndi kumva wangwiro. Mwachitsanzo, akadzidzi.

Kodi mbalame zonse kuuluka

Si onse a kalasi timatha kuuluka. Mwachitsanzo, anyani ndi osambira kwambiri, ziwalo zawo chapamwamba kusinthidwa mu zipsepse. Koma kuuluka mbalame sindikudziwa momwe. Ali ndi muyezo, koma kwambiri kulemera salola kuti kuuluka mmwamba mu mlengalenga. A nkhungu wosanjikiza wa mafuta ndi wandiweyani nthenga zofunika pamoyo mu mavuto a kumpoto.

Superorder Chili nthiwatiwa emu, kiwi, cassowary, Rhea. Mbalame muyezo akusowa. Ndipo kulephera kwa ndege imalipidwa ndi kudya kuthamanga. Luso limeneli amapulumutsa mbalame pansi m'chipululu cha Africa.

Ambiri mbalame ano mwangwiro ndinazolowera ndege, ndi malo okhala. Iwo amakhala mu nkhalango, madzi ndi maiko, steppes ndi zipululu.

The oimira gulu la mbalame kukwapula yosiyanasiyana awo zofunika mu chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa anthu, ndi mbali khalidwe la kapangidwe ndi udindo luso kuwuluka.