Romashkinskoye kumunda: kufotokoza, mbiri, makhalidwe ndi maonekedwe

Romashkinskoye mafuta Munda ndi mmodzi wa khumi supergiant pa gulu la padziko lonse. Kukhala njira kupanga mafuta , asayansi Russian apanga angapo atulukira analenga luso lapadera ntchito mu dziko la kufufuza migodi mchere. Munda ndi ntchito ndi zaka zoposa makumi asanu ndi limodzi, koma umatha akadali yaikulu ndipo si bwino kudziwika.

Kutsegula Chitata mafuta

Mu makumi Mu zaka zapitazo ndi Kutengera a boma woyamba Soviet anayamba Chitata mafuta kufufuza. Maulendowa woyamba amene anapita paulendo ndi kupeza kuthengo, akhala bwino, koma mu 1930 ndi kufika kwa zofufuza wakhala cholinga ndi kusiya. A kuyesa latsopano zokhudza ntchito asilikali komanso kuopseza kulanda ndi madipoziti Germany North.

Kufunafuna anali yaitali, zokumana nazo loyamba kufufuza mafuta linayamba mu 1941. Patatha zaka zitatu, mu Shugurovo m'dera la m'mudzi, ndi ku kukumba bwino anakwanitsa kufika otaya mafuta lonse mafakitale - matani 15 patsiku. Munda nalo dzina lake m'mudzimo pafupi limene bwino anakamba. munda Shugurovskoe, anali poyambira mu mbiri ya mafuta Chitata ndi yophika zodabwitsa kwambiri chifukwa anapeza.

Chimphona pafupi Romashkino

Romashkinskoye munda mafuta anapeza mu 1946. Kodi chimphona amene wapanga Tatarstan wina wa m'madera zofunika kwambiri mafakitale? makilomita makumi awiri kuchokera Shugurovskogo oilfield, pafupi Romashkino m'mudzi (tsopano apa ndi mudzi wa Leninogorsk). zolinga nzeru mazikowo bwino, amene pambuyo zaka ziwiri pobowola zotulukapo zimene kuposa mmene ankaganizira. Pa ntchito kafukufuku anatha kupereka Devonian mapangidwe, ndipo pa July 25 kuchokera osati zitsime zokumba zogwiritsa ndi yagoletsa madebiti kasupe wa mafuta matani oposa 120 kupanga patsiku.

Inayambira Romashkinskoye munda anabweretsa oilmen Stalin Prize. maphunziro wotsatira asonyeza angathe madipoziti mafuta kuti Shugurovskoe wakumunda ulili mbali Romashkinskoye ndi masoka zapamwamba kapangidwe ndi multilayer. Kwa mafuta pamlingo malonda anayamba mu 50s lapansi.

Mwamwayi kenako, Akatswiriwa anapeza mmodzi wa madipoziti kwambiri mwachinsinsi. Koyamba akuti madipoziti pafupifupi tonnes miliyoni 710 ya mafuta, panopa kupanga anafika matani biliyoni atatu. Akatswiri kuona chikhalidwe kugunda zitsime, amene nthawi anadzikhuthula ndipo anadzadzidwanso, kufotokoza zochitika zimenezi mpaka palibe amene angathe.

makhalidwe a

Pambuyo pogwira kuphunzira zikuluzikulu za kuthekera mafuta mwankhanza strata, asayansi pafupi kumvetsa mmene chinayambira komanso zomwe angathe amasunga munda Romashkinskoye. Kufotokozera tectonic zizindikiro anafotokoza kuti Soksko-Sheshminskomu kutsinde. Geological kuyesa buku la mafuta ofanana matani biliyoni zisanu, ndi chiwerengero wololera m'matangadza malo ndi yotengedwa zopangira ndi matani biliyoni atatu. mozama pa zomwe anachita kulengedwa ano, osati makilomita oposa 1.8. Makulidwe ali pafupifupi ndi kulola mu 65 × 75 Km. Tsiku kuyambira buku lililonse bwino ndi mazana awiri matani.

Romashkinskoye mafuta munda lero zikuphatikizapo pafupifupi mazana awiri madipoziti mafuta sakudziwika. osalimba a mafuta ndi 0,8 g / cm³ - 0,82 g / cm³, mmene pamaso pa sulfure ndi zigawo zake ndi za 2%. M'munda chitukuko akhala anayambitsa ndi njira vnutrikonturnogo wozungulira osefukira tsopano ntchito ya kumapeto dziko la mabomba mafuta. Likulu la mafuta kupanga za kuthengo ndi mzinda wa Almetyevsk.

Features

Romashkinskoye multilayer mafuta munda pansi chitukuko chikwiyire ambiri zaluso, atulukira ndipo anatulukira njira zamakono. Mu waukulu Madamu Russian mafuta kumunda, sliced, anakonza pafupifupi horizontally, kugawira "chitumbuwa" otsika permeability dongo miyala. Stratification ndi osasamba, ndi ali ndi gawo lalikulu la mafuta shale ndi permeability otsika madzi.

The kampani "Tatneft" tsopano masuku pamutu. Romashkinskoye kumunda. Development wa yovuta kwambiri dzimbiri mkati mwa mapaipi, imbaenda agonje kwambiri zitsulo kubwereketsa mapaipi ntchito msanga. Mbali imeneyi chimasanduka m'dera amafuna mosalekeza polojekiti zida, kukonza zodula mafuta kusonkhana machitidwe ndi kumabweretsa kuipitsidwa kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kusanthula zizindikiro za kulephera kwa kachitidwe mafuta kusonkhanitsa makampani NGDU Irkenneft 1999 ikusonyeza kuti 27% ya zolephera onse obwera ndi dzimbiri mkati.

Romashkinskoye mafuta munda lili ndi chinthu chinanso: mizere waterflooding imagwiridwa osati ndi madzi, koma ndi zofunika zapadera. Kudzaza ntchito analimbikitsa madzi zikuchokera muli mafuta ndi 20 mg / L, chitsulo ndi 2 mg / L ndi zolimba inaimitsidwa pafupifupi 16 mg / L, ndi kukula kwa otsiriza sayenera upambana kukula pafupifupi 10 microns.

zikuchitika

Pakali pano, dziko la Tatarstan ankagwidwa oposa zana miyala ya chimasanduka, Romashkinskoye mafuta munda akadali yaikulu. Pa nthawi yonse mu Tatarstan mafuta amawapopa matani oposa 3 biliyoni, chiwerengero Romashkinskoye m'zigawo mtsinje zambiri kuposa 70%. Kuchokera mu kuya kwa munda anasankha matani oposa 2.2 biliyoni, kutanthauza kupanga nkhokwe 85%.

Malinga ndi zimene ambiri mu posachedwapa, akuti mu 2065, m'kaundula pa muyezo wa m'matangadza Romashkinskoye chimphona adzakhala ncho kwathunthu. Pa gawo panopa zakonzedwa kufufuza zina chuma mchere, kumayambiriro umisiri watsopano kuti adzapatsa kupanga kwa 2200. Malinga ndi asayansi ofufuza apeza posachedwapa m'munda wa mafuta nthawi zonse kudyetsa kuchokera mu kuya, koma chifukwa nthawi yopanga ndi anawonjezera.

kaonedwe

Nature, ngati genie ku nthano - dzanja limodzi amalenga, ndi MBAFUDZA ena. Zimachitika osati zigawo zodzoladzola mafuta, koma chiwonongeko wawo zingawachititse kuti mapangidwe mafuta olemera ndi phula. Kuwala mafuta Paleozoic adzauka oposa ndipo oxidized, chifukwa mu kusandulika "tayala" kuti lofotokozabe zigawo m'munsi mafuta. Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti zochitika zofanana ndi minda kwambiri mafuta a Tatarstan, osati osaphatikiza Romashkinskoye kumunda. Kodi zikuluzikulu? Pa nkhani imeneyi kuyankha ofunda zikhoza kukhala wotsatira mu 2026, koma kutenga nkhani kufufuza kwatsopano - zaka mazana angapo.

kampani chitukuko

"Tatneft" kampani zaka zambirimbiri, ndi kokha mapulogalamu Romashkinskoye kumunda. Pafupifupi 60% wa makope onse a wakuda golide nkhani kampani kwa Romashkinskoye NM, ena kupanga kukuchitika pakubweranso Novo-Elkhovskoye, Bondyuzhanskom, Sabanchinskoye, Bavly, minda Pervomaisky.

kampaniyo amasamalirira kwambiri chitukuko ndi kukhazikitsa njira zina zatsopano mu migodi ndi mafuta kufufuza, umisiri wotsogola kokayezetsa, angwiro machitidwe ndi makina. Mu 2006, laisensi kukhala munda Romashkinskoye PJSC "Tatneft" waperekedwa mpaka 2038.

chinthu zachilengedwe

Amasankha mafuta Romashkinskoye yolalikira zinthu zina chilichonse pa nkhaniyi zivomerezi m'chigawochi. Kukula zambiri tima, ndi apamwamba chiopsezo zivomezi. Malinga kuzipenya mu zaka zina, panali makumi chaka zivomerezi zochitika mu chitukuko cha m'deralo. Komanso pa chilengedwe ndi zikuwononga ndondomeko mpweya kuti ayende ntchito aliwonse mafuta makampani. Zoipa poizoni zinthu mu mpweya, nthaka, amaipitsa madzi.

Company PJSC "Tatneft" amayesetsa kuteteza zachilengedwe kukhala Romashkinskoye kumunda. History amadziwa masoka ambiri asintha bwino za chilengedwe, ndi chifukwa Russian malonda amafuna kuchepetsa zotsatira zake.

mudziwe mwachidule za kampaniyo

Mu 1950, Bungwe la nduna USSR analenga Yopanga ndi luso Association "Tatneft". Udindo watsopano wa lotseguka olowa kampani katundu, kampani analandira mu 1994.

Ma sheya hoda pafupifupi 45.746 malonda ndi anthu. Yaikulu ya iwo:

• JSC "National Kwawokhawokha Depository" (kuposa 47% ya magawo a).
• JSC "chapakati Depository la dziko la Tatarstan" (za 33,6% ya magawo a).
• OAO Lukoil Neseas Ndagwira Ltd ACM, ngati nthambi ya kampani "Lukoil" (za 7.3% ya magawo a).
• AO Feisen Bank International (padziko 6% ya magawo a).

CEO - Maganov Nail Ulfatovich, wapampando wa bodi - Minnihanov Rustam Nurgilievich.