Raf-2203: ndemanga za eni, specifications, zithunzi

"Rafik 2203" - amakonda wa ziziyenda ambiri, ngakhale panopa ku miyoyo yawo kusungulumwa. Ndipo ngakhale tsopano, pamene chitsanzo ichi kulibenso kupanga galimoto adakali lofunika makope kawirikawiri kwa mafani wa Retro ndi zakale.

Nimble ndi kuuluka raf-2203

RAF chitsanzo 2203 zinalengedwa Riga kuchokera 1976 mpaka 1987. Ankaufulula zosiyanasiyana zolinga. Nthawi zambiri ndi galimoto ntchito ngati magalimoto chombo ambulansi ndi chithandizo cha mankhwala monga magalimoto boma ndi kampani.

Kamangidwe minibasi RAF-2203 - ngolo. Mkati ake tichipeza zigawo 2:

1. Front chipinda kumene dalaivala lili ndi mpando wina kukhalamo.
2. Kumbuyo chipinda, zida ndi mipando zonyamula zisanu ndi zinayi, limene katundu malo.

Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti pa minibasi ndi ndemanga RAF-2203 ndi zabwino kwambiri. Anthu amene anali kugwira ntchito imeneyi "Rafiki," Kodi Musatseke achangu pochita za mutu wa galimoto. Malinga ndi iwo, makina zazikulu, mkulu-liwiro, wangwiro ndi ndalama. Komanso, kwambiri kutamandidwa ndi kumanga wabwino, maneuverability kwambiri ndi vortkost pa ankasinthana ndipo amautembenuzira iwo mu galimoto mwamtendere.

Engine - mitima ya galimoto iliyonse

RAF-2203 injini ndi kotunga carburetor mafuta, amene anali okonzeka ndi galimoto, ntchito petulo. Pakuti chitsanzo ichi tagwiritsira ntchito injini ku GAZ-24. Inali kutsogolo ndi amayendetsa magudumu kumbuyo. injini anali okhala pakati dongosolo, vavu 4 ndi 8 zonenepa. Kwenikweni, ine ndiyenera kuti chitsanzo ichi okonzeka ndi mitundu iwiri ya injini:

• ZMZ 2401;
• ZMZ 402-10.

Kuti injini wachiwiri unali wamphamvu kwambiri, zinali kusiyana pakati pa iwo. Komabe, panali zambiri chosiyana nuance - injini choyamba ntchito petulo AI-76, ndipo chachiwiri - pa AI-93.

Buku 4-liwiro kufala ali minibasi synchronizers pa magiya onse patsogolo chimene chimafika kufala utumiki "Rafik".

Galimoto akafuna imathamanga amene anali zana ndi makumi awiri - wamtunda wokwana milingo zana limodzi ndi makumi atatu pa ora.

Thupi ndi kuyimitsidwa minibasi

Thupi RAF-2203 - kubereka onse zitsulo. Galimoto lili 4 osakwatiwa-tsamba zitseko:

• 2 pawo - kumanja - anapangidwa kuti wodutsa chiphaso;
• chitseko kumanzere ndi dalaivala;
• kumbuyo khomo lili kupeza malo katundu.

Kunatulukira kuyimitsidwa minibasi ndi absorbers mantha, komanso dongosolo ananyema "Rafik" zomwe zinamulepheretsa dongosolo la mabuleki ng'oma amene anaika pa magudumu onse anayi a makina. Ngati ndi kotheka, kuti akakonze raf-2203 angapezeke pa wailesi ambiri m'banja.

Kupanga - Latvia

Ambiri woyamba kupanga chitsanzo minivans zithunzi RAF-2203 zomwe mungathe kuwona kuchokera mu nkhani iyi, asamukira pansi khamu mzere wa latsopano Chilativiya galimoto fakitale December 1975. Ndipo chaka chamawa linatsegulidwa ndi Green Street kwa kuŵeta awo. Chaka chotsatira iye anayima pa conveyor ndi osiyana kusinthidwa - Mphunzitsi mwadzidzidzi utumiki zachipatala RAF-22031.

Pamene ndi kusinthidwa galimoto monga minivan, ndi mphamvu limakupatsani kunyamula anthu khumi mu mzere. Chifukwa ili ndi makhalidwe zina raf-2203 wakhala inafalitsidwa mu USSR. Pambuyo kutha kwa dziko mu limati osiyana, Vans awa chaposedwa ndi zitsanzo latsopano, makamaka galimoto "Gazel". Koma ena toyesa zikuchitikabe m'mayiko ena a ku Soviet.

Ena specifications galimoto

Luso deta ndi miyeso raf-2203 ali motere:

1. Kutalika kwa galimoto 4 ukufika 980 mamita masentimita m'lifupi - 2 m 035 cm, ndi kutalika za makina - 1 mita 970 cm.
2. Tsatani mawilo kutsogolo "rafika" - 1 mita 474 cm, kumbuyo njanji - 1 mita 420 cm.
3. Misa minibasi ndi zipangizo - makilogalamu 1670.
4. malemeledwe ake - 2710 kg.
5. The injini carburettor, 4 yamphamvu ZMZ 2203 / 2,445 malita.
6. Chiwerengero cha mipando - 11, kuphatikiza dalaivala.
7. The braking mtunda pa liwiro la 60 Km / h ndi 25,8 m.
8. Front overhang 1 mamita masentimita 200.
9. Kumbuyo overhang - yekha 1 mita 120cm.
10. masitepe Machine kutalika pamwamba pansi - 40 cm.
11. Youma osakwatiwa-chimbale zowalamulira.
12. Buku gearbox.
13. Hayidiroliki absorbers mantha.
14. Spring Front kuyimitsidwa Independent pa wishbone.
15. Yozungulira kumbuyo kuyimitsidwa pa kotenga theka-dzira tsamba akasupe.

Features minibasi RAF

Amasirira minibuses onse amene anthu anawatcha mwachikondi kuti "Rafiki" ankasiyana anamaliza kutsogolo bampala popanda "kulumidwa", awatulutsira mazenera a zitseko, akukhudzidwira magetsi woyera pa denga, kuzungulira kumbuyo-view kalirole ndi chrome mawiro zisoti zimbale, monga "Volga" GAZ -21.

Isanafike anamaliza mu 1976 siriyo minibasi RAF-2203 inatha ndi original mkulu chida gulu, zida ndi dials yozungulira. Mu 1977, chitsanzo amamuonera ndi gulu latsopano ndi chida limodzi, anatengedwa kuchokera kwa GAZ-24. Pa nthawi yomweyo anaganiza kusiya potulukira, ili pansi pa zenera pakati pa mbali doko.

Reviews "Rafiki"

Ponena chakuti anthu akulankhula za RAF-2203. Reviews a eni, monga tatchulazi, wabwino kwambiri. Pali ena zinthu zazing'ono chimene tinganene kuti ndi opanda, koma iwo siali choncho choperekera zinthu wonse. Oimira makampani, komanso anthu amene ankalankhula RAF bizinesi, ankanena kuti anapatsidwa mtengo otsika za makina, kubwerera zapamwamba ake. Izi choyamba, ndipo kachiwiri, mfundo yofunika ndi yonena za mavuto ndi zida zosinthira. Pafupifupi zonse muyenera, woyenera galimoto "Volga", kupatula yachitsulo thupi.

Little odalirika "thanki" - wotchedwa ndi ena ziziyenda raf-2203. Reviews eni ake ali makamaka zinapatsira pankhani imeneyi galimoto-workaholic. Ena anati zoyenera womasuka mu galimoto, kotero azolowere izo mwina kwa tsiku limodzi. Ngakhale lakutsogolo si ayesedwa ndi mphambu apamwamba, koma ambiri ankaona kuti ndi yabwino ndithu. Mkulu pansi chilolezo wapereka ndi minibasi galimoto pa msewu dothi.

Odandaula kunena kuti ndi anathetsera yozizira pang'ono koipa, koma, kachiwiri, pamenepo muyenera chizolowezi. Ndi kulambira pang'ono kwa dalaivala, ndi luso adzabwera. Monga tanenera opanda ndipo malo kutsogolo kwa injini, nchifukwa chake kulemera minivan osamukira pa gawo kutsogolo kwake. Ndipo, ndithudi, kuti kuipa komanso mkulu mafuta RAF-2203.

Features minibasi (zomwe anagwirizana onse akulankhula kuchokera), monga galimoto ili ndi zotsika mtengo komanso zochitika zenizeni, kupanga izo mwangwiro yoti mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono.

Yambani wa ulimi wa chitsanzo 2203

Cha m'ma 60 ntchentche malonda Chilativiya magalimoto anakumana kusowa zoopsa za malo kupanga. Chifukwa zosoŵa za dziko lalikulu mu Vans zinali zosatheka. Ndipo kotero mu 1969 tinayamba kumanga chomera latsopano, limene lili 25 Km from Riga, mumzinda wa Jelgava.

Kwenikweni, zomera chimphona unali kulinganizidwa ndi kumangidwa pansi chitsanzo watsopano minibasi ndipo zida kwambiri pa zida nthawi zamakono. Mwalamulo, kupanga anayamba kugwira ntchito yake mu 1976. Izo zinali mu chaka chomwecho anayamba kupanga kupanga siriyo wa minivan ndi zosonyezera 2203.

kuŵeta

Monga mwa mayendedwe a ulimi wa minivan ndi "Rafiq-2203" zinaposa kopambana kuloŵedwa m'malo, chitsanzo 977. Mu 1984, mu February, mbewu opangidwa zana masauzande chikumbutso raf-2203 - ndi uku patatha zaka 9 pokhapokha kuyamba kupanga mndandanda!

Mu kudza zaka 80 mu fakitale Jelgava yatulusa pafupifupi 17,000 Vans pa chaka. Chifukwa chaichi iwo anali nawo ndi masitolo onse akale ndi thupi la ogwira ntchito mu Riga, koma makamaka iwo tsopano ati ang'onoang'ono mtanda ka galimoto malangizo apadera. Riga chokha chinali Maofesi, ndi Special Bureau anafuna Edzi.

mphindi ya mbiri

The magalimoto oyambirira RAF ndi makhalidwe awo, monga sidelights wa GAZ-24 ndi kukhalapo kwa choyimira fakitale pa chitseko kumbuyo. The kwa 1978-1979 zinali zodzaza ndi m'malo a Optics za "Volga" logwirizana basi repeaters motsatana, kuphatikiza choyimira cha mbewu inachotsedwa chitseko. Komanso, pafupifupi zaka 10 minivans opangidwa mu mawonekedwe, popanda kusintha kulikonse kwambiri zayamba.

Quality chizindikiro pa nsonga ya akwaniritsa

Mu 1979, kupanga mbewu yake RAF analandira State Quality Mark. Koma kwa ena, Eti atangomaliza kuti khalidwe opangidwa chaka chilichonse magalimoto inayamba kugwa. Bzalani kunadetsa analandira madandaulo, madandaulo ndi zonena, makamaka kwa ogwira ntchito zaumoyo amene ntchito ambulansi. Chochitika zosasangalatsa zinachitika mu February 1986, ndiye gospriomka pafupifupi 13% ya Vans latsopano anabwerera chomera kuthetsa zopindika wapezeka.

Kusagwirizana pakati Ngopambana

Komanso mu 1986 pakati pa kayendetsedwe ka mbewu anayamba kukambirana pagulu. Zikuchepa anaukitsa mutu chabe wokhudza zimayambitsa ndi azilandira kuchepa khalidwe la Jelgava kupanga galimoto. Pankhondo anadza kwa zochita kusintha mkhalidwe umenewu, mbewu amafuna osati amasulidwe zitsanzo watsopano Vans, komanso atsogoleri ena.

Pambuyo chisankho kuti Baibulo anali Viktor Bossert. Mogwirizana ndi Riga Autobus Factory analandira kuchokera bajeti national ndalama ndithu kwa okwana Mokweza luso ndi chofunika kukhala zitsanzo umatulutsa, kuphatikizapo RAF-2203, specifications asintha kwambiri.

discontinuance

Pambuyo Soviet Union linagwa, ndi RAF chomera, monga ena ambiri ofanana Baltic zimphona mafakitale anaonekera linatsala pang'ono kuwonongedwa. Zosagwirizana ndi Russia sanali kusewera m'manja mwa kupanga. Chifukwa vuto la ulimi wa mbewu anafuna katundu ku Russia, ndi inakwaniritsidwa pafupifupi zigawo zikuluzikulu zonse. Pa nthawi yomweyo, komabe chifukwa chophukacho ubale ndi Russia, msika anagwa zikuchepa, chifukwa cha zimene kupanga anayenera kudula isanafike amasulidwe magalimoto 4-5 zikwi chaka.

Kuyesera kuti apulumuke ndi kukhala wolimba, kasamalidwe mbewu za anayesetsa kukuza mankhwala osiyanasiyana. The Launch kupanga angapo latsopano magalimoto zofunikira ndi minibuses zolinga wapadera pamaziko a RAF-2203. maphwando Small adzakhala kumasula Vans RAF-2920, zofunikira pickups RAF-3311, ndi zina magalimoto. Koma mwatsoka, monga ulimi wa bwino miyeso sizinathandize anthu, chifukwa Ndipotu kwambiri m'munsi chitsanzo, "Rafiq-2203" kale kwambiri kwadzaoneni chakale ndi nthawi imeneyo.

Yopanga wa zokopa "Rafik" anatseka Final

1993 chinali chiyambi cha ulimi wa Nizhny Novgorod "Mbawala" zikanabweretsa chomera Baltic, umene umabala "Rafiki" anasiya msika lalikulu - Russia. Local, mwachitsanzo nzika Baltic amadziwikanso alibe anasonyeza chidwi zinthu, zokonda zawo anapatsidwa b / u wa magalimoto kumadzulo kwa Ulaya.

Thandizo makampani angathe kusintha chitsanzo zofunika makamaka kuyambira padziko malemu '80s, fakitare analenga 2 ano lingaliro, ichi "Roxanne" ndi "Steeles". zitsanzo izi ndi kuyembekezera. Koma kupita kwa kuŵeta awo, kunafuna kuti wamakono kwakukulu wa kampani ndi ndalama kwambiri. Kufunafuna Investor ndi akhala bwino, chiwerengero cha anabala "Rafikov" pamwezi anakhala ang'onoang'ono komanso adakula mbewu mangawa.

mphindi anabwera mu 1997 pamene Baltic mbewu RAF anamasulidwa mtanda wake atsopano a malonda, ndi m'chaka cha 1998, kampani anati bankirapuse. Kuno ku ichi ndipo anamaliza nkhani ya minivan misa mu mbiri ya Soviet Union, ndipo ndi iyo inatha mbiri ya makampani Chilativiya galimoto.