The wamchenga. Misewu ya Russia

boma zifukwa zambiri zimadalira mlingo wa chitukuko cha maukonde msewu, monga chuma cha dziko, imapanga ake chitetezo, ndipo kwambiri. Mwatsoka, khwalala Russian chabe sizimadziwika, Mudzagwetse msewu ndi mutu kwa akumidzi ngati n'kotheka kukumana chodabwitsa msewu dothi.

Pakati m'madera ambiri Njira Zikuoneka kuti azipezeka koma iwo ntchito ndi kovuta. Pa primers amenewa nthawi zina pali maenje lalikulu, maenje yaikulu, amapunthwa olimba, komanso fumbi lambiri zouluka pansi pa magudumu a galimoto mbali zonse. Ngakhale yokonza misewu ku Russia ikuchitika chaka, sikutheka kuti athe kupewa zinthu zoipa zimene kuononga padziko msewu. Choncho, nzika Russian kudziwa zimene iwo kukumana nawo pa misewu Russian.

Mbiri ya zomangamanga msewu

M'zaka za m'ma, pamene wakale boma Russian anali ndi pathupi misewu anali mitsinje, kotero ochuluka a midzi zinamangidwa pa magombe awo. M'chaka, iwo kusambira m'madzi, ndiponso m'nyengo yozizira aŵiri n'kupita.

Ndiye, pamene m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu, maziko a umodzi boma centralized, mphamvu yake Anayamba kuganiza za kulenga Yamskoy adiresi. Choncho anayamba kupanga misewu ya Russia, ndi mkhalidwe wawo unali kukhala ndi udindo makamaka anatumizidwa Hamani.

Mu ulamuliro wa Catherine II mlandu msewu ife ayamba kukhala kofunika kwambiri yothandiza dziko. Kuti iye misewu akale chifukwa mu chikhalidwe kwambiri, ndipo mu chigawo gulu wapadera anasonkhana, amene ntchito zinali kuyang chitetezo cha kulengeza magalimoto.

M'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi anayamba chitukuko cha mayendedwe njanji, misewu ndi njira dothi kukhala zazing'ono boma. Koma mu zaka mazana makumi awiri, chifukwa cha chitukuko mofulumira makampani ndi zikamera wa galimoto yoyamba, maganizo boma kuti maukonde msewu zasintha kwambiri. Pamene panalibe ndalama yake, khalidwe misewu Russian anakhalabe mu mkhalidwe womvetsa chisoni.

A dongosolo lalikulu la kukonzanso ndi kumanga motorway wakhala wakonzedwa makumi anai zaka za m'ma 20, koma ngati mapulani odzitukumula kuteteza Wachiwiri World nkhondo. Pambuyo nkhondoyo, chinapezeka kuti anawonongedwa makilomita oposa makumi asanu ndi anayi zikwi za zomangamanga msewu, kotero panali funso mmene kubwezeretsa misewu akale, osati kumanga atsopano.

Ndiye yomanga mayendedwe kwambiri anapitiriza makumi asanu ndi awiri, koma, mwatsoka, malo akadali ambiri dera sizinachitike chikugwirizana ndi mizinda dera kunapangitsa.

Pakali pano, ngakhale boma la misewu ndi bwino kwambiri, koma, malinga ndi akatswiri, ndi utali wonse wa maukonde galimoto msewu si afike mlingo wa makilomita pafupifupi 1.5 miliyoni, omwe adzatha kukwaniritsa zosowa ndi zachuma a boma.

Gawo ndi gulu

Carriageways mu Russia, monga, mfundo, ndi kudziko lina, osiyana khalidwe la pamwamba msewu ndipo kutalika kwake, kotero misewu akutsatira makalasi:

• Motorway (lokhudza gulu loyamba, ali kunjira anayi, pazipita galimoto liwiro la 130-150 Km / h);

• wabwinobwino njira (nkhani ya magulu osiyana ndi manambala osiyanasiyana mikwingwirima, pazipita kayendedwe ka makina gawo njira osapitirira 100 Km / h);

• Speedway.

Mu atlases ndi maps of gulu choterocho kuli kovuta kupeza, choncho ndi bwino kudziwa kulemba, wopangidwa mwa makalata ndi manambala. Drive kalata momveka bwino kuti njira yomwe dalaivala ali kuchita:

• E - deta yolozera njira ndi mbali ya wonse posts European msewu, imodzimodzi ndi zigawo zina za misewu feduro.

• AN - zikutanthauza kuti msewu ali misewu Asian.

• M - ndi boma msewu mtsempha wamagazi kulumikiza pakati pa matawuni akuluakulu dera ndi mizinda.

• P - misewu amene ali inakula midzi mfundo utsogoleri.

• Ndipo - izo carriageways zofunika dera lomwe mulibe mwachindunji awo wopita ku likulu Russian.

• K - misewu zina, makamaka mu dziko msewu kapena phunziroli.

• N - kugwirizana m'deralo kapena yapakati-oyang'anira tauni msewu.

Kumene, ndi bwino kumanga ulendo wanu kwa misewu ya gulu apamwamba, ngakhale nthawi zina ndi wautali, koma otetezeka ndi omasuka kwambiri.

Kodi njira dothi?

Awa carriageways, wopangidwa yekha zipangizo zachilengedwe ndi masoka: mchenga, dongo, nthaka ya miyala, kuwaika ndi zina zambiri malo amenewa. Wamchenga makhalidwe ndi katundu zokhudzana ndi gulu chachisanu ndi alibe pamwamba olimba.

Pa nyengo yamvula ndipo snowmelt, Njira ndi zosafunika kwathunthu ntchito ndi galimoto pa izo kungakupatseni kuti athe kuyenda. Ndi chabwino amapezerapo mwayi pa chisanu woyamba, pamene palibe chisanu kwambiri, kapena chirimwe.

Msewu dothi ndi mitundu zotsatirazi:

• bwino (chizindikiro mapu ndi mizere iwiri yomweyi yellow);

• m'munda ndi nkhalango (mu Buku la mapu ali ndi mawonekedwe a mzere wosweka);

• Dziko Road (mapu kukuonetsedwa mipiringidzo olimba).

yomanga phunziroli

Mtundu wa padziko msewu tingachite ndi manja ake, mwachitsanzo, ngati pamene m'pofunika wosalira kuyenda anu ku dziko kapena ku mbali zina akumidzi. Kupanga misewu dothi lachibadwa anapereka m'njira zotsatirazi:

1. kuwaza Road younikira khala slag wosanjikiza amene adzakhala wofanana za 5-10 cm. Pankhaniyi, njira uphwetsa mwamsanga ndipo pafupifupi palibe puddles anapanga. njirayi ayenera kubwereza patapita zaka zitatu ntchito.

2. Gwiritsani ntchito njerwa ndi phula crumb. msewu uwu dothi amatha kupirira ngakhale kasupe snowmelt ndi ukhoza zaka zoposa zinayi.

3. Kuika thalakitala nyenyeswa nsalu phula Dornit amene kachulukidwe ndi 150 g / mamita ^2. Njira - ndi yachangu ndi khalidwe.

Kupanga misewu ya mtundu umenewu si zodula, koma pamafunika zonse yokonza zokutira bwino.

Anakonza mpandawo pa nsalu nthaka

Mu ntchito gudumu mchikakamizo cha zosiyanasiyana magalimoto, nyengo, chifukwa wambirimbiri mpweya, wosakhazikika kutentha ndipo zosiyanasiyana zinthu zina msewu onse mosachotsera avale ndi kubwera mu unsuitability. Choncho, ❖ kuyanika phunziroli amafuna mwadongosolo msewu kubwezeretsedwa ndi kukonzanso. Izi akhoza kuchitidwa mu njira zingapo.

Kukonzanso misewu zikutanthauza lenilenilo, limene zidzatsekedwa kachiwiri ena mwa madera awo aakulu, ndipo nthawi zina, kwathunthu akadali penti.

Pa panopa pachaka zojambulidwa graders zambiri ntchito ndi kudula nsalu lachibadwa m'mbali zokwawa kwa panjira ya.

Kukweza phunziroli

Pakuti kukhazikika bwino panjira m'misewu m'midzi kulenga njira panjira opepuka mtundu. Poyamba, zimenezi anali mwayeretsa gawo yogwira msewu ku fumbi ndi uve, kenako TACHIMATA wosanganiza ndi mzake nthaka, chuma miyala binders ndi zina zosiyanasiyana.

Chotero bwino mayendedwe inali ikadali yopanda tala ndi zambiri zosagwira kuwononga kuti zinthu zosiyanasiyana, pamene kumanga nyumbayo pogwiritsa ntchito osachepera njira.

ziwembu zovuta

ziziyenda Russian apeza zingapo zodabwitsa zazikulu kuyembekezera iwo m'misewu dothi.

The oyamba - ichi misewu masika. Pankhaniyi, ❖ kuyanika phunziroli akufanana dambo. Zinyalala akhoza kwathunthu mphambu amateteza tizitsatira tayala yosalala ndi kwathunthu chitetezo. Kupewa mavuto amenewo, muyenera kusuntha mosamalitsa pamodzi zikufuna ndi kuyesa kwa omasuka pazipita galimoto.

Anadabwa chachiwiri - ndi sizimadziwika mchenga. Zikatero, ngati youma, makina kungakhale pansi ake kulemera akuya kukumba mu izo. Ngati yonyowa ❖ kuyanika mchenga, mungathe kuchigonjetsa msanga, koma inu muyenera kuchita ndi njira mosamala komanso kuyenda pansi pa madzi mu milu viscous.

mwakuwoneka puddles yaing'ono misewu kungakhale chopinga makamaka, koma nthawi zina kubisa zambiri mbuna. Ngati simungathe kuwapeza iwo, ndi bwino kusiya ndi kutuluka m'galimotomo kuti kufufuza mozama a ndodo.

dziko msewu

Izi roadbed kakang'ono pakati pa midzi TACHIMATA monga dothi achilengedwe. Ndi abwino kwa kayendedwe ka magalimoto matayala, koma, ngati msewu uwu alibe zokutira mwakhama padziko nyengo siili, ndi zosafunika kuchita kuyenda.

njira iyi ndi zosavomerezeka kwambiri ntchito pa magalimoto ake - kuyendetsa pa izo, makamaka masika oyambirira, mwaphamphu galimoto okonda amalangiza tayala galimoto kuvala dera wapadera.

Quality wa msewu Kuphunzira Akuluakulu a ku Russia

Mu 2012, akatswiri anali Davos Forum ndi lipoti kwa amene ayesedwa misewu ya Russia ndi mayiko ena. Mu kachitidwe kawo, seveni mfundo lonse ntchito, kumene 1 - ndi boma kwambiri, ndipo 7 - kwambiri. Russia walandira mu phunziroli, yovomerezeka mfundo zitatu. Pang'onopang'ono chithunzi analandira misewu Russian chifukwa zogwira mtima khalidwe lake ndi ili yonse, ena njira inali ikadali yopanda tala sadzakhala ntchito mu kugwa kapena kasupe nyengo. Choncho, mosamalitsa kulankhula, ziwerengero awa si zodabwitsa.

N'chifukwa chiyani Russia misewu zoipa?

Ndizovomereka kuti boma msewu gululi imaoneka chifukwa cha nyengo yoipa ndiponso mfundo ndi lothandiza luso mu dziko. Nthawi zina, kumangira mosavuta akumane mtunda, ngakhale kukonza msewu ku zikachitika kudzakhala kovuta.

M'madera ngati wa Russia monga Karelia ndi Far North zigawo ndondomeko yomanga ndi kobvuta ndi kutentha otsika, choncho kumafuna mphamvu, omwe motero akutitsogolera kuti adzauka pa mtengo pa msewu. Zotsatira zake n'zakuti wambirimbiri masamba kuposa amaika mumsewu ndi kutsutsa chokhwima zinthu zachilengedwe.

Kodi zimenezo zili m'misewu?

bajeti mu 2016 biliyoni 554 rubles chinaikidwa, chimene 130 ndipita yokonzanso ndi konzanso misewu dera ndi 65 - yomanga mlatho Kerch. Mabiliyoni otsala udzakhala yokonza ndi kukonza misewu feduro. Malinga ndi ziwerengero atsopano, kumanganso kilometre imodzi panjira mu mtengo avareji rubles miliyoni 28, ndi kumanga - miliyoni 133 rubles. Izi kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha chotipinga m'madera amenewa.

mapulani boma

Utumiki wa Transport waneneratu kuti mu zaka zisanu akufuna m'malo misewu zonse dothi ndi konkire. Kamangidwe kameneka amapereka ndalama zankhaninkhani, 1.8 rubles. Komanso, pulogalamu ayenera m'malo kapena ankamangidwanso milatho sate-faifi ndi overpasses.

Kukachitika kuti mapulani analengeza zidzakwaniritsidwa, ndiye, malinga ndi akatswiri, izo kuchepetsa ngozi ndi kuonjezera mphamvu msewu. Ndipo zovalazi ndi kusiya zochimwazo kumathetsa mavuto aakulu kwambiri a ziziyenda.