LAZ-695: specifications ndi zithunzi. Masanjidwe wa Lviv Basi Bzalani

Lviv Basi Bzalani (LAZ) anakhazikitsidwa mu May 1945. Patangotha zaka khumi kampani anamasulidwa cranes ndi nyumba galimoto. Ndiye kudzala mphamvu kupanga wakhala kukodzedwa. Mu 1956 adagulung'undisa kuchokera woyamba basi mtundu LAZ-695, chithunzi cha amene anapereka pa tsamba. Anayamba kuyenda mndandanda wa zitsanzo za nkhani m'tsogolo. Aliyense masinthidwe atsopano bwino magawo luso ndipo omasuka kuposa m'mbuyomu.

"Magirus" ndi "Mercedes"

Monga zinachitika kwa kumanga LAZ-695 anagula ntchito kunja German "Magirus". makina wakhala anaphunzira kapangidwe 1955 ankaona ku mawonedwe ntchito njira zamakono mu msonkhano conveyor mu mphamvu zochepa za Soviet "makampani galimoto". Pa yokonza LAZ-695 basi siriyo yopanga kunja ndi deta onse akunja anali Anabwereka "Magirus 'ndi galimotoyo, galimotoyo ndi amagetsi ndi kufala atengedwa mu German basi" Mercedes-Benz 321 ". magalimoto German ndalama boma Soviet yotchipa chifukwa galimoto kumadzulo olembedwa kuchokera molawirira kwambiri, kusintha ina. "Magirus", "Neoplan" ndi "Mercedes-Benz" munagulidwa ndi wachitatu wa mtengo, ndipo ndi mabasi onse anali mu chikhalidwe chabwino.

Start kupanga

LAZ-695 specifications amene ankatengedwa mokwanira odalirika, chopangidwa kwa zaka ziwiri, kuyambira 1956 1958. Choyambirira galimoto ntchito pa maulendo a m'tawuni, koma pasanapite nthawi zinadziwika kuti mkati ake si akwaniritsa zofunikira za tima magalimoto galimotolo mkati anali yochepetsetsa ndi wovuta. LAZ-695 anayamba ikuthamanga pa maulendo dziko, nthawi yasonyeza asavutike ndi kusala chonyamulira. deta yake luso kwathunthu kukumana zolinga za opaleshoni. Komanso, basi ndi zosangalatsa lendi gulu alendo, galimoto inali kuyendayenda mokoma, mtundu ZIL 124 injini ntchito pafupifupi mwakachetechete. Kenako LAZ-695 specifications kuti safuna kuti bwino anatumikira Cosmonaut Training Centre mu Baikonur.

Luso amafuna basi sanali enieni. The chombo anafunika kusamuka kwa gawo wina ndi mzake, potsatira dongosolo lophunzitsira chisanadze ndege, choncho mkati anali theka asamagwire mipando zonse, ndipo mu malo awo anayikidwa mipando mtundu wa ndege zomwe zinali zotheka kugona.

Komanso mkati mwa basi mosavuta anatembenukira kwa zosowa za chithandizo mwadzidzidzi. Iwo anaikidwa zipangizo kuyan'anila chikhalidwe ambiri a thupi: electrocardiographs, tonometer kuyeza zipangizo kuthamanga mayeso ophweka magazi ndi zambiri. magalimoto amenewa serviced ndi madokotala anthu atatu (pa chitsanzo cha mwachizolowezi makina m'tawuni).

Nthawi Soviet

Lviv Basi Bzalani anapitiriza kutulutsa lachitsanzo Mabaibulo osiyanasiyana mpaka 2006. makina wakhala mosalekeza bwino ndipo amafuna kuti umachitika pa mlingo mkulu. mitengo basi mu nthawi Soviet anali nthawi zonse, ndipo wosakanikirana ogula. Isanafike 1991, otchedwa ankawauza, afalitsidwa mu USSR, lomwe anagawanika magalimoto pakati, kuphatikizapo mabasi. Malipiro luso yotentha ndi banki kutengerapo ntchito ndipo wotsatira, kukonza ndi kukonza chifukwa mabizinezi magalimoto.

Chuma anakonza wa USSR ankagwira phased chitukuko cha mafakitale magalimoto ndi mabasi mzinda panthawiyo anali woyamba pa mndandanda wa kufunika mu chuma. ziyembekezo ena zikumangidwa pa Lviv chitsanzo. Komabe, galimoto ndi HIV-liwiro zisanu ndi mizere mosalekeza mipando sizikugwirizana mu mode wochitachita wa magalimoto. City mabasi ayenera mwapadera okonzeka kanyumba ndi mphamvu wagawo, ndinazolowera braking pafupipafupi ndi polekezera. Ochiritsira injini, kawirikawiri overheat. Kutalika kwa lachitsanzo linanena bungwe ndi mokwanira zogwirizana ndi mfundo kuyenda mu mzinda.

zoyesayesa kukhazikitsanso

mabasi latsopano limene likubwera pa fakitale msonkhano mzere Lviv, magawo mobwerezabwereza chitsanzo zazikulu, ndi kusintha kwakukulu kapangidwe anali sizingatheke. Kulengedwa Bureau LAZ anthu akuyesetsa angapo kusintha mkati, koma zinali zosavuta kuti akonze makina "kuchokera zikande", kuposa kusintha specifications a chitsanzo alipo. Choncho, mabasi onse atsopano, kupanga Lvov, makamaka pa wakunja kwatawuni mizere utumiki. Ndipo pa maulendo m'tawuni ndinawapanikiza trolleybuses, amene chikalata pa Lviv galimoto Bzalani mu 1963 (pamaziko a thupi basi).

The kusinthidwa loyamba

Mu December 1957, kupanga unayambitsidwa basi LAZ-695B, ndi akweza Baibulo la chitsanzo m'mbuyomu. Choyamba anaika pa makina m'malo mwamwambo pneumatic actuation (kutsegula chitseko). The intakes mbali mpweya kuziziritsa injini, imakhala kuseri anathetsa. Chapakati mpweya wambiri mu mawonekedwe a belu anaikidwa pa denga. Choncho, dzuwa yozizira kwambiri chifukwa, ndi fumbi kugwera injini chipinda, ndi zochepa kwambiri. kusintha bwanji kunja ndipo kutsogolo kwa malo pakati pa nyali anakhala ano. Mkati, bwino kugawa zashuga, izo anaukitsidwa kwa denga, panali khomo kulumikiza mkati. Series kupanga chitsanzo ichi zinatha kwa 1964. Total 16 718 magalimoto zinalembedwa.

Imodzi ndi likuchita 695B kusinthidwa anali chitukuko cha chitsanzo latsopano 695E injini eyiti yamphamvu ZIL 130. makina angapo experimental pamodzi 1961, koma mndandanda wa basi anapita mu 1963, magazini 394 okha zinalembedwa. Kuyambira April 1964 conveyor amazipeza mphamvu ndi zotsatira mpaka kumapeto kwa woyamba 1969 anasonkhana 38 415 695E mabasi, umene 1 346 anatumizidwa kwa katundu.

kusintha kunja mu Baibulo 695E nakhudza arches magudumu, omwe ndapeza mawonekedwe anamaliza. Kuyambira basi ZIL 158 anali anaitenga ku likulu la kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo chitsulo chogwira matayala ndi ng'oma ananyema. Pa chitsanzo 695E ntchito koyamba elektropnevmatiku ulamuliro chitseko. Pamaziko a Baibulo opangidwa 695E basi LAZ "alendo". makina abwino kwa maulendo yaitali.

kumayambiriro zatsopano zodziwikiratu

Mu 1963 LAZ mbewu yatulusa koma kusinthidwa wina - 695ZH. Ntchito imachitika mogwirizana ndi ife, ndiwo malo kafukufuku wa transmissions basi. Mu chaka chomwecho izo unayambitsidwa yopanga mabasi ndi kufala basi. Komabe, m'zaka ziwiri zikubwerazi, ife anatha kusonkhanitsa okwana 40 mayunitsi amenewa a LAZ-695, kenako amasulidwe chitsanzo experimental wakhala mipingo.

Kukula kwa HIV yaotomatiki zothandiza kenako mabasi m'tauni, LiAZ kupanga Likino-Dulyovo Moscow dera.

Wamakono zitsanzo wogwila

Chirengedwe cha zosintha latsopano mabasi Lviv galimoto patsogolo, ndipo mu 1969 adagulung'undisa pa LAZ-695M. Galimoto anali wosiyana ndi zitsanzo wakale mawonekedwe a masiku ano ndi mazenera ndi kalembedwe. Magalasi Mawuwa mu kutsegula zenera popanda mafelemu wapakatikati zotayidwa. Iwo linathetsedwa makampani mpweya wambiri pa denga, mmalo mwa injini chipinda pa makoma pambali anali ofukula slits. Kuyambira mu 1973, basi unayikidwa akweza zingerengere opepuka kasinthidwe. kusintha bwanji dongosolo utsi - awiri ophatikizana mu muffler limodzi. basi thupi ndi lalifupi ndi 100 mamilimita ndi zithetsedwe kulemera kuchuluka.

Siriyo yopanga LAZ-695M inatenga zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, ndi nthawi kuti linatulutsidwa oposa 52 zikwi mabasi, 164 amene anatumizidwa kwa katundu.

"Mabishopu," mu banja LAZ ndi zaka makumi atatu zinachitikira

A kusinthidwa winanso wa chitsanzo zazikulu ndi index anakhala basi 695N lomwe lili ndi zenera lakutsogolo lonse ndi chapamwamba chishango logwirizana kwathunthu kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo zitseko, ndi lakutsogolo latsopano ndi speedometer ndi masensa yaying'ono. The prototypes anali kuperekedwa mu 1969, koma mu kuŵeta chitsanzo uwu wapita yekha mu 1976. Ine kubala mabasi kwa zaka makumi atatu, mpaka 2006.

Kenako Mabaibulo 695N amasiyana akonzedwa choyambirira cha kuyatsa, nyali, kutembenukira chizindikiro, stopsignalami ndi zipangizo zina kuwala. chitsanzo anali okonzeka ndi zimaswa lalikulu pamaso pa thupi, mu nkhani ya yolimbikitsa lankhondo la mabasi ntchito ngati ambulansi. Mu kufanana ndi Baibulo 695N linatuluka pa ochepa mabasi 695R, yodziwika ndi chitonthozo mkulu, mipando lililonse limatisokoneza ndi chete zitseko awiri.

gasi Baibulo

Mu 1985, Lviv Basi Bzalani zosintha LAZ-695NG, amene amayendera gasi linatulutsidwa. Zitsulo zonenepa, kupirira mavuto mpaka atmospheres 200, anaika mu mzere pa denga, mbali kumbuyo. mpweya akulowa reducer, kuchepetsa kuthamanga, ndiye wothira mpweya ndi osakaniza mawere mu injini. Mabasi pansi chizindikiro 695NG zinatchuka mu zaka 90, pamene mavuto mafuta kunabuka dera la USSR kale. Kuyambira kusowa kwa mafuta anakhudzidwa ndi LAZ mbewu. Ukraine wonse amalingaliranso kusowa mafuta, makampani ambiri zoyendera mu dziko anasamutsa mabasi awo pa gasi, amene anali mtengo kwambiri kuposa mafuta.

LAZ ndi Chernobyl

M'chaka cha 1986, pambuyo pa ngozi Chernobyl, mu zokambirana za Lviv galimoto mwachangu spetsavtobus LAZ-692 analengedwa kuchuluka kwa Mabaibulo angapo dazeni. The makina ntchito atuluke anthu ku dera kachilombo ndi yobereka kwa akatswiri. basi anali kutetezedwa ndi mapepala kutsogolera padziko kukafika kutsogolo kwa, kulandilidwa ndi mphambu ziwili pa zenera, nayenso, anatseka patsogolo. Denga spetslyuki anapangidwa mpweya woyeretsedwa. Kenako, magalimoto onse nawo liquidation wa ngozi pa zomera ndi kutaya monga iwo osayenera ntchito zinthu zachilendo chifukwa kuipitsidwa cheza.

injini dizilo

Mu 1993, pa fakitale Lviv mu kuyesera ife akhazikitsa basi LAZ-695 injini dizilo D-6112 ku mphamvu zimalimbikitsa mbozi thalakitala T-150. Zotsatira zinali zambiri zabwino, koma yabwino kwambiri injini kuthamanga pa dizilo, wakhala anazindikira mwa SMD-2307 (Kharkov mbewu "Hammer ndi chikwakwa"). Koma zatsopano anapitiriza, ndipo mu 1995 kupanga siriyo unayambitsidwa basi LAZ-695D ali okonzeka ndi injini dizilo D-245 Minsk Njinga Bzalani.

Dnipro chomera

Patapita chaka chimodzi, ntchito wakhala ukasintha redesigned, ndi chifukwa panali 695D11 Baibulo, otchedwa "Tanya".

Kusinthidwa opangidwa mu magulu ang'ono mpaka 2002, ndipo kuyambira 2003 Anam'samutsira basi msonkhano zomera Dneprodzerzhinsk. Yopanga yomweyo kukhazikitsa malo atsopano sikunali kotheka, monga njira pa pachimake ziwiri, koyamba, ulimi zimasiyana. Bulky thupi LAZ mabasi si nthawi zonse zikugwirizanira chimango cha owotcherera 'Dneprovtsa "ndipo zinabweretsa mavuto. Zinachitika ngakhale ena zopangidwa zodula LAZ mabasi, omwe anasonkhana ku Dneprodzerzhinsk, ngakhale kumanga kuwagulitsa nthawi zambiri wangwiro. Chifukwa, muyezo wa mtengo ndi khalidwe ali angaimbidwenso, ndipo yopanga makina anayamba apeze patsogolo.

Kufunafuna njira konsekonse

Maofesi Lviv galimoto anafuna mungachite kuti zinthu zatsopano. Pa nthawi yonse ya ulimi pa Lviv Basi Bzalani akufuna kangapo kulenga chilengedwe Laz, amene akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu mzinda ndi pa mayiko zodutsa. Komabe, limatchula za magalimoto zonyamula saloledwa kuchita izi. Mu nthawi yaitali kwambiri kuposa ndege anthu amafunika kulimbikitsidwa ndi wapadera ululu m'banja basi. Pa maulendo m'tauni, okwera kulowa ndi kusiya, tsiku galimoto anapita anthu mazana angapo. Choncho, kubweretsa pamodzi ziwiri zosiyana mode ntchito sikunali kotheka, ndi chomera anapitiriza kubala zosintha angapo nthawi imodzi.

LAZ lero

Pa nthawi ino m'misewu ya Soviet Union akhoza kukumana ndi Lviv basi chomera pafupifupi zosintha zonse. Good kukonza maofesi pa nthawi yopanga, kuyambira 1955, wathandiza kukhalabe ambiri a magalimoto ndi bwino. Ena zitsanzo LAZ lotha ndi ntchito monga magalimoto othandiza m'mafakitale zosiyanasiyana.

matupi ambiri mfutizo wamasiye - kuchotsa injini ndi dilapidated galimotoyo. Ndipafupifupi makampani magalimoto nyengo Soviet, pamene fleets basi zinalembedwa, ndipo zotsatira zawo palibe amene anali ndi chidwi. Msika chuma kuzichita malamulo, kulembedwa kuchokera makina ena amakhala ndi kugwa m'manja a eni payekha, ndi kupeza moyo wachiwiri. Ndipo chifukwa thandizo la galimoto opangidwa mu USSR, wakhala motalika kokwanira, "moyo wachiwiri" akhoza yaitali.

Lviv Basi Bzalani zikuchitika pa nthawi yovuta, conveyor yaikulu ndi anaima 2013, bulanchi ambiri ndi makampani zokhudzana likufa Kuthi bankirapuse. Zotsatira kudzadalira kuli kampani LAZ. Ziyembekezo kuthana yabwino ya vuto ndithu bwino. Chofunika kwambiri malonda bwino kuwatsitsimula ndi vuto khola ndale Ukraine Komabe, palibe bata.