Bzalani "Hammer ndi chikwakwa." Bzalani "Hammer ndi chikwakwa" Moscow

Zitsulo pafupifupi nthawizonse zakhala maziko a dziko lathu m'dipatimenti zofunika kwambiri zopangira kwa kupanga makina a mitundu chuma, sayansi ndi asilikali. Kumene, chitukuko wopyoza magawo ambiri kovuta, zonse zinayambira mu nthawi m'malo a mdima ...

Imodzi mwa oimira wotchuka kwambiri wa kampani yopanga zitsulo ndi mbewu "Hammer ndi chikwakwa."

Kodi izo zonse zinayamba

Mu 1883, munthu wamalonda akhama Goujon anamanga kampani wamng'ono, wodzipereka kwa Moscow steelmaking. zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri kenako anayamba kugwira ntchito woyamba otsegula moto ng'anjo, mafuta amene pa nthawi ntchito ngati mafuta mafuta. Mu 1913, izo anasungunuka pafupifupi 90 zikwi matani zitsulo, amene ali ng'anjo asanu ndi awiri ntchito pa nthawi imeneyo. Fakitale makamaka zikugwira likuchita si apamwamba zitsulo, rivets, zomangira ndi waya.

pambuyo utasintha

Mu 1918 kampani anali nationalized. Chomera, umene pafupifupi anataya onse oyenerera, ali ndi cholowa lolemera kwambiri. Poyerekeza ndi 1913, linanena bungwe anagwa pomwepo ndi nthawi 50. Mu 1921, malo mkulu wa kampani anaikidwa IR Burdachev, amene watha ntchito zitsulo yekha. Makamaka uyamiko kwa Iye, kupanga mokwanira wobwezeretsedwa ndi modernized.

Mu chaka chomwecho panali mbewu "Hammer ndi chikwakwa." Ndi 1925, anakhala mkulu P. F. Stepanov, amene ndi 1928 kunali mukutha kubweretsa kuchuluka kwa zitsulo opangidwa kwa mlingo wa 1913. Pofika 1931, fakitare wakhala imodzi mwa makampani otchuka Association "Steels", amene amathandiza dziko ndi zipangizo apamwamba yaiwisi kupanga.

malamulo achisilikali

Popeza 1938, kupanga ankapita ndi G. M. Ilin. Ndi ndi dzina la mtsogoleri wodziwa ndi chifukwa kuwonjezereka lakuthwa kuchuluka kwa zitsulo umatulutsa. Kale mu 1939 anali kupereka kwa Order la Lenin, kuti ndalama zambiri ndi kuzindikira pa zaka mphoto.

Pa nthawi ya nkhondoyo, kupanga sanaleke kwa miniti. Ngakhale kuti a pakampaniyo sanali nkhani kumukopa kuti kutsogolo fakitale ukadali anasiya kulimbana ankhondowo mazana steelmakers luso ndi metallurgists. Katundu lonse ntchito anagwa pa mapewa a anthu ogwira ntchito achinyamata ndi amayi. Monga Tingaone mbiri ya zaka, mbewu "Hammer ndi chikwakwa" anachita mbali yofunika kwambiri mu kukunda anyamarwa.

Koma zinapatsidwa kwa antchito ake molimbika: mu yachokera kwa zaka zambiri zokhudza momwe steelmakers anagwa chabe mu swoon njala padziko ng'anjo. Limodzi likhoza amagoma ndi kulimba mtima kwawo: ntchito molimbika ndi yotopetsa, ngakhale amuna mphamvu, kunena kanthu kwa theka njala achinyamata!

nthawi unawonongedwa

Ngakhale chiwonongeko waukulu wa nkhondo, nkhondo itatha, kampani mofulumira mlingo wa ulimi, kukulitsa njira zatsopano yadothi zosapanga dzimbiri. Choncho, kale mu 1949 gulu fakitale anapambana State Prize chopezera luso pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya monga yadothi zitsulo mu ng'anjo otsegula moto. Posakhalitsa, ndondomeko wakhala chimagwiritsidwa ntchito osati mafakitale zoweta, komanso m'mafakitale kunja.

Komanso, patapita chaka ndi mphoto zofanana kunapatsidwa kwa steelmakers, amene anatha kwambiri kuchepetsa nthawi imene pa yadothi zitsulo. A kuwonjezeka kwambiri yopanga ndi khalidwe la chikhalidwe anali atafika pa nthawi yomweyo ngati ng'anjo unasamutsidwa mafuta mafuta. Kuyambira 1945 mpaka 1971 chiwerengero cha opangidwa adagulung'undisa kawiri.

umisiri wa yadothi

Popeza 1963, kusinthika pulogalamu anayamba kupanga okwana magetsi. Choncho, m'pofunika electroslag limatsogolera luso (ESHL) analengedwa ndi changwiro mwa zaka zimenezo. Kale mu 1978, kompyuta zoweta anali anadzetsa kupanga.

Ndi zinthu zonse izi, zaka zisanu kokha kupereka apamwamba zosapanga dzimbiri wakhala kuchuluka pomwepo ndi 21%. Ngakhale kuti mu 1973 anagwira kukonzanso ikuluikulu ya mbewu, kupanga zitsulo sanaleke kwa tsiku limodzi. Only otsiriza mu Europe, otsegula moto ng'anjo anaimitsidwa mu 1976: anapitiriza zitsulo yadothi Anapitiriza pa luso kwambiri patsogolo.

nthawi yonse, mpaka kugwa Soviet Union, chiwerengero cha zipangizo umatulutsa yaiwisi mosalekeza kumawonjezera. Grew zosowa za ulimi ndi asilikali, kuchuluka yaikulu zitsulo wofunikila buildup mofulumira mphamvu panyanja kudutsa dziko zinamangidwa hydro ndi mphamvu za nyukiliya, amenenso kumangira zitsulo chofunika lalikulu zedi.

Ambiri a zofunikira za gawo Loona za dziko anapereka dzina la Moscow mbewu "Hammer ndi chikwakwa."

zaka 90

Monga makampani ambiri mu dziko, izo zinali zodzaza ndi kusintha kwenikweni mu moyo wa m'dzikolo. chiwerengero cha madongosolo boma amagwa ziro, boma mozunzika anali kukhala nkhani. Mu 1990, kupanga anali inatsala pang'ono kwathunthu.

Mpaka 2000s, ndi chomera "Hammer ndi chikwakwa" ankachita nawo nthawi amasulidwe mankhwala amene nthawi zambiri analibe poyerekezera mbiri waukulu kumalo a ntchito.

nthawi yatsopano

Pamene kumayambiriro 2000s m'fakitalemo pafupifupi anasiya anayamba kukoka Chachitatu mphete Road, panali ambiri maganizo pa ntchito kwambiri zingamuthandize chitukuko. Monga mwachizolowezi, ambiri mautumiki pakati pawo akusemphana, koma kenako n'kugwa kugwirizana chifukwa.

Ndi 2007, izo koma ankakhulupirira kuti chachikulu anasiya m'gawo "Hammer ndi chikwakwa" fakitale azigwiritsa ntchito kumanga malo ochitira bizinesi wina.

Ndi December madongosolo asintha pang'ono: izo zinakonzedwa kuti atsogolere ntchito yomanga masitolo osati kokha, komanso chuma malonda ndi zogona weniweni. Sizikudziwika chake, koma kuwonjezekeredwa mu chaka cha 2012 osati maziko umodzi. m'mabuku amati nkhani ya pamtengo 52% mu mbewu, m'manja mwa boma a m'dera, ndi chifukwa nyumba amalola kupeza kunapezeka si kophweka.

ziyembekezo chitukuko

Kodi adzakhala gawo kumene tsopano paima mbewu "Hammer ndi chikwakwa"? Moscow amakhulupirira kuti pa nthawiyi distilikiti ntchito yatsopano muzichita. Komanso, n'zotheka kumanga malo achisangalalo, paki madzi ndi maofesi ena okhudzidwa.

Mwatsoka, kuti tsiku palibe lingaliro kuti "Hammer ndi chikwakwa" zitsulo Bzalani, amene amathandiza m'mbuyomu posachedwapa, zofuna za boma mu zitsulo mkulu kalasi, akhoza restarted. Komabe, andale ambiri ndi magulu zachilengedwe akunena kuti yilungamitsidwa kwathunthu: kuchuluka yaikulu koopsa mpweya m'mlengalenga, ndipo ngakhale pakati pa munthu amene kuli anthu mzinda, anthu umoyo wabwino bwino osati anawonjezera.

Komanso, moyenera ndi kutumidwa lalikulu zitsulo Mmera wonse, umene ndi chinthu chofunika njira, Suli kutali malire a kumadzulo, ndi chipeneko. Akatswiri ambiri amavomereza kuti zingakhale bwino kuziyika izo pa gawo la Siberia.

makampani ena

Kodi aliyense ali ndi "Hammer ndi chikwakwa" fakitale? Saratov ali dzina mofanana kampaniyo, chomwenso ndi zikugwira yadothi chitsulo. Mosiyana wake Moscow "anzake" pakampaniyo panopa chinkhoswe mu mbiri ntchito. Yopangidwa kukhazikitsanso ake padziko lonse ndipo wamakono.

Chomera ali nalo dzina lomwelo monga Kazan. Iwo ukugwira kupanga mankhwala makampani zomangamanga ndi kupanga chida.