Junker Lermontov a ndakatulo ndi kusanthula mwachidule

ntchito Lermontov a, olembedwa zaka zimene iye anakhala mu sukulu cadet, nkomwe kudziwika kwa anthu onse. Za moyo wake ndi ntchito kwa nthawi zimenezi zinachititsa kuti kambilanani, ngakhale kukumbukira, osati kuti sully kukumbukira inde yowala mabuku Russian. Pa nthawiyi, zinali ndiye kuti analembedwa ndi wotchuka cadet ndakatulo Lermontov! "Goshpital", "Peterhof tchuthi" ndi "Ulanshu" zitsanzo za kalembedwe mkulu sitinganene kuti ngakhale Tambasula, koma kuwaponya mwa zotsatira za ndakatulo iyi sizitero - tsoka ake Cadet "pranks" anati patapita zaka zambiri.

kuponya ubwana

Kuphunzira pa St. Petersburg University, kusintha kwa University Moscow, kenako nkubwerera ku St. Petersburg - mopupuluma achinyamata osasamala. Kuponya pakati pa sukulu za mitu iwiri inatha kwa Lermontov sukulu ensigns alonda ndipo apakavalo cadets, kumene iye anakakamizidwa kuchita mu 1832. The confluence zinthu zina zikhulupiriro Petersburg achibale -. Ndipo tsopano M. Yu Lermontov mu sukulu cadet. Achikondi nyengo ya moyo anasiyidwa.

Maphunziro pa cadets watanganidwa kwambiri, kuphatikiza kubowola msilikali anachita ufulu kukoma anyamata ochokera ku mabanja olemera si njira yabwino - ndi ufulu nthawi yawo achinyamata onse pochita binges zachibwana ndi kumwa mwauchidakwa. Masiku ano ngati kusadziletsa adzaitana de A-nkhawa, zaka zimenezo ndi psyche wamng'ono anapulumutsa mochuluka monga ife, ndipo cadet kutchedwa osati monga chitayiko.

Zaka mwayi anataya

Mnyamata amene analemba zaka 17 wanzeru wake woyamba ndakatulo - "Mngelo", kunali koyenera, kuiwala kwa mphindi mafano chikondi, kukhala ngati aliyense. Lermontov, ngakhale kufooka akuoneka anali amphamvu kwambiri mu manja ake - iye ndichotse zitsulo kukonza ndodo, zingwe mfundo, nthabwala. Mphamvu imeneyi, luso mosavuta kulemba epigrams satirical, zojambulajambula talente Lermontov anathandiza mbiri pakati pa cadets kwa kufika awo. Koma pa nthawi yomweyo, m'chipindacho anzake sanafune zamkhutu wake chikondi - comrades anafuna ndakatulo olaula, coarse, osati yokutidwa ndi manyazi. Iwo anafunika ndakatulo cadet. Lermontov insaikulopediya kudzadza mu zaka anali ndakatulo amenewa. Awa "Ulansha", "Peterhof tchuthi", "Goshpital" - si kanthu koma anaonetsa zolaula cadets moyo weniweniwo. Wokondedwa Lermontov, Pushkin analembanso moona wapamtima ndakatulo, koma wolimba, pamene iwo anapita Lermontov. Kwa zaka ziwiri mu sukulu kanthu kwambiri ndakatulo analenga - mu moyo wake waufupi anachitiridwa nkhalwe anataya nthawi.

Woyera akunyozedwa

Ngakhale kutali makhalidwe abwino a cadets, ena mphindi ya yonena za Lermontov kuti anthu otchuka anali mu magazi a anthu aang'ono awa. Michel kuchilemekeza agogo ake ndakatulo - E. A. Arseneva - anali sangachoke iye yekha. Wolembedwa ntchito yakulipidwa nyumba pafupi ndi sukulu, anasamukira kapolo wake, yemwe udindo wake unali kudzuka m'mawa uliwonse, mantha ndi kuvulazidwa njonda wake mphindi zochepa asanayambe sukulu mumamva drumbeat zoipa ziribe mphamvu pa psyche wake, kudyetsa yonse ya mbale. Amtengo akudyerera cadet ndakatulo Lermontov comrades anadziwa za chikondi agogo anga kwa ndakatulo iyi, koma aang'ono sanali chinthu chotonzedwa awo. Amazipanga, ubale mdzukulu ndi agogo Junkers wamng'ono anazindikira pafupifupi woyera. M'nthawi ya ndakatulo iyi, onse, dziwani kuti pamwamba Lermontov makolo iwo alola kusewera tsenga pa agogo ake - konse.

Zikutsutsana kuwunika chi

Amtundu wa sukulu cadet, limene pamapeto pake ndipo anapita mu mbiri chifukwa anaphunzira pamodzi ndi Lermontov, ndiyeno kuwunika kwambiri zosiyanasiyana za ubale wa ndakatulo ndi akusukulu zosiyanasiyana pofotokoza monga munthu. Ndipo imeneyi ndi njira kuti Lermontov analemba zaka. Iye poyera anasekedwa ndi mayina onse a ena muyaya womangidwa ndime wake ndi zaka ndakatulo cadet. Pakati pawo Tizengauzen, amene anadzipereka kugwira adiresi ya mmodzi wa ndakatulo wotchuka, Shahovsky, Polivanov, Prince Baryatinsky ... Last zoyenera ndakatulo! Iye akanakhoza bwanji kukhululukira Lermontov "Goshpital", imene kalonga chawo sukulu cadet anazindikira pa mizere yotsatirayi: "Ndipo analimba mtima vinyo steaming scrambled capamwamba kalonga wathu; Ankalimbikira ndi latch - akubwera ndi malungo, manja ake akugwira wake ... ". nkhani zambiri zokhudza Zopatsa wa Prince ngakhale osasangalatsa. Mu nkhani Baryatinsky, kulota kukumana wolimba ndi namwali wamng'ono, mu mdima, kusokonezedwa ndi mayi wokalamba ndi kulumpha pa izo ndi chilakolako onse asamaleze mtima wake achinyamata. Nkomwe ngati ulemerero umene anapereka Prince Junker ndakatulo Lermontov, iye akanakhoza kubereka mu malingaliro ake amakumbukirabe kuphunzira olowa.

Dzitetezeni womdziwa wa sukulu cadet

Penapake pa chiyambi cha 1834 (amanena m'kalasi Lermontov kuti idali nyengo yozizira) kusukulu anaganiza kufalitsa pamanja magazini "School m'bandakucha". Iye anabwera kuchokera pa Lachitatu. mlungu wonse aliyense akhoza kulemba zimene anafuna, ndi kuika mipukutu wake mu kabati anasankha mmodzi wa matebulo mu dormitory a. Lachitatu madzulo mipukutu amenewa sewn kenaka kuwerenga mokweza. Mlembi wotchuka kwambiri cha "Sukulu ya mbandakucha" anali, ndithudi, Lermontov. Junker ndakatulo Lermontov sanathe lofalitsidwa mu magazini ino, koma masamba a sukulu mlungu uliwonse iwo anali yodziwika kuti cadets onse amene anaphunzira pamodzi ndi Lermontov. Wina gawo lochititsa zonse magaziniyi sanali wina kuposa Nikolai Martynov omwe - wotembereredwa ndakatulo wathu wamkulu wakupha.

Mu "kuvomereza," amene Martynov omwe analemba pambuyo mpirawo oopsa, iye ayesera kufotokoza, chifukwa mu Pyatigorsk Lermontov anaitana duel, bwanji sanali kuphonya. Okhadzula yotentha ndi iwo ku sukulu cadet, ndipo anasiya chizindikiro awo pano - Martynov omwe akhoza Musaiwale nthabwala akale yekha ndi wolemba ndakatulo iyi.

Junker kukhala osadulamo zoipa

Mwina Martynov omwe ndi iwo anali ndi zifukwa zomveka angakhumudwe ndi Lermontov, koma zambiri za zapansi awa anali nawo maina awo akutchulidwa mu ntchito za ndakatulo iyi. maina awo ali pamwambawa, koma mfundo zina za cadets tsiku ndi tsiku moyo wadutsa mu ndakatulo "Ode kuti tikalowe ndi," kulankhula za ugliness wa khalidwe ngakhale anthu ambiri ochokera m'mabanja achifumu. Ngati ntchito yayifupi "Kuti Tizengauzenu" Lermontov analemba palibe vuto lililonse: "Kodi Vod kotero languid diso, kuzungulira ... si umodzi, voluptuousness ndi wachiwiri mwadala musati nthabwala ...", ndi "Ode kuti tikalowe kuti," ndakatulo moona kudziŵitsa owerenga za wamba anyamata ndi amuna anzanga . Kodi cadet Lermontov ndakatulo kapena ndakatulo wa zaka yoperekera ndi gawo lotsatira asokoneze mavumbulutso? Pokhapokha "Junker pemphero" wake - kuti iwo analowa mu gulu ting'onoting'ono kuboma mu zaka ziwiri Lermontov zolembalemba ntchito zolembedwa mwa iye (kuchokera 1832 mpaka 1834-TH) kuti ndakatulo anakhala mu sukulu. ndakatulo wake zosafunikira simunayambe lofalitsidwa, zifukwa zoonekeratu.

Ulemerero ulemerero kusagwirizana

Ngati mitima ya m'kalasi okhwima ndi kukula chipongwe munthu, nthano moona mu kuwala kwa iwo amene maina awo sanali akamagwiritsa ntchito za ndakatulo iyi, kuimba naye ambiri dzina woipa wafunsira tsankho m'mitima ya anthu kotheratu ena ndakatulo iyi. makolo wolemekezeka maso pa mipira ndi madyerero a kusukulu kapena ana awo aakazi kapena akazi mwankhanza ndakatulo abwera pafupi - zinachititsa kupitirira ulemerero sukulu wolemba zotukwana poemok woyambitsa "Hero Nthawi" lowonongeka. Koma kuoneka pa masamba a magazini matauni Pechorin nthawi yomweyo achotsa kuganiza zoipa m'mitima ya ku Russia, amene adafesa Junker ndakatulo Lermontov. Olembedwa pa imfa ya ndakatulo Pushkin ndi "Imfa a mlakatuli Ndi" penapake anasintha zinachitikira chonse, koma potsiriza Nkutembenukira kwa kuzindikira woona wa Mikhail Yurevich consummated pokhapokha amasulidwe "Hero Nthawi". Atapita ndi zaka zambiri, zinthu zambiri zakhala zikuchitika kuwala "anaiwala" boyish kupusa Lermontov.

Osati za moyo watsiku ndi tsiku

Lermontovedov amati zodabwitsa ndakatulo "Haji Abrek" komanso wina wa mabuku a "Chiwanda" zinalembedwa basi mu zaka za kafukufuku pa sukulu cadet. Comrades, wolemba ndakatulo anauzidwa kuti nthawi zambiri pambuyo patakhazikitsidwa Lermontov anapita makalasi kutali ndipo pali nthawi yaitali mwa kachetechete ndi payekha analemba. Wina ali yense sakugawana kuganiza kuti sukulu anakhala awiri osiyana Lermontov: tsiku zinali cadet wamba, osati mosiyana zomenya zina ndi okaikira (choncho poemki ake zosafunikira), ndipo usiku kuti adziwonetsa palokha - ndi wochepa thupi, sali wodzala ndi romanticism ndi mtima maganizo. Akukhulupirira kuti "Ismail Bey" inayamba kubwerera ku Moscow, anali Ndangomaliza mu zaka za kafukufuku pa sukulu cadet. Pa nthawi yomweyo anayamba ntchito pa buku "Vadim" imene sichinayambe appended. Iwo kokondweretsa kuti ndakatulo ndi ndakatulo Lermontov zaka alondawo kenako chinazilala ndi maziko a ntchito zoyenera Caucasus awo ankakonda oyendayenda ndi akungoyendayenda kwa nkhani zina woyenera ulemu.

Kubwezera, zipped kupyola mu zaka

Total inatenga zaka ziwiri mu sukulu, koma asanamwalire ndakatulo iwo moona ntchito ndakatulo adamtsata m'mbuyo. Monga tanenera kale, ndakatuloyi cadet Lermontov a Limangotsatira moyo manyazi anthu chenicheni. Ndipo amuna awiri amene anaphunzira ndi ndakatulo kusukulu, anachita moyo wake amapha udindo. Iwo Martynov omwe (mafotokozedwe yochitira pano Sikuti) ndi Baryatinsky (amadana ndi Lermontov anakula zaka okha). Chinathandiza ndakatulo iyi lapamtima la Caucasus.

Lermontov zambiri ankabwera Pyatigorsk, kumene iye anali akadali mwana kunyumba agogo. Baryatinsky anali chimene patatha zaka zochepa kumasulidwa ku sukulu anakhala m'munda polimbana bwanamkubwa wa Caucasus ndipo anapita kwa Mfumu, kumvetsa kuti kuseri kwa iye akapolo kunong'onezana za khalidwe lake zolaula anayamba kufotokozapo mu wowopsa "Goshpitale"? Ndiyeno pali ndipo Lermontov nthawi maso ndi imene yatsala. Kumene, Baryatinsky mphamvu ya mphamvu zake monga iye zingavulaze kupititsa patsogolo luso ndakatulo. Awa anali oopsa cadet pranks.

zabwino zonse mu zaka zitatu lomaliza

Yomanga ndakatulo oyambirira Lermontov, wolembedwa mu zaka zoyambirira za zilandiridwenso ozindikira, ndi kalembedwe osiyana ndi kukula. Zikukhudzira kusowa pafupifupi mawonekedwe ndi zochuluka achipongwe kumusangalatsa. Nthawi zina ndakatulo Tingaone chithunzi cha namatetule m'tsogolo, koma akatswiri zolembalemba amakhulupirira kuti zabwino zonse zimene wakhala analengedwa ndi Lermontov, anali atalemba kuchokera 1838 mpaka zaka 1841 - omaliza moyo wake. Chinachake popanda analengedwa mu 1831 "mngelo," 1837th "Imfa a mlakatuli Ndi."

Mu zaka zitatu chatha panali "watsopano", otsiriza (chitatu) Nsanja ya "The Chiwanda", "Hero Nthawi". talente Lermontov ndi kutukuka kwambiri. Ziribe kanthu momwe iye analemba m'tsogolo, ngati si anawomberedwa munthu cadet sukulu?