Ndi mtundu woyenera wa galimoto zomwe. The mitundu ikuluikulu magalimoto ndi magalimoto. Mitundu ya mafuta galimoto

Moyo m'dziko masiku ano si kulingalira popanda zosiyanasiyana magalimoto. Iwo anazungulira kulikonse, pafupifupi munthu makampani simungakhoze kuchita popanda ntchito zoyendera. Malinga ndi zimene mtundu wa galimoto, ndi magwiridwe kuyenda ndi mayendedwe ndalama adzakhala osiyana.

Gulu lalikulu la galimoto

wothandizila amayendayenda anawagawira malingana kopita kwawo. Woyamba gulu - magalimoto. Iwo anafuna kuti mayendedwe a anthu ndi katundu wawo waung'ono. The amadziwika chifukwa cha mtundu - chiwerengero cha mipando kwa anthu. Kwenikweni, si zoposa zisanu ndi zinayi (ndi dalaivala). Gulu lachiwiri zikuphatikizapo katundu magalimoto. Ntchito yawo ndi kusuntha mitundu yonse ya katundu ndi zipangizo, ndi zida. Khumi kapena kuposerapo zonyamula mipando ya galimoto anatsimikiza monga mabasi (kapena trolley). Palinso gulu la galimoto-magalimoto. Kwenikweni ndi awiri mawiro kapena atatu mawiro kusinthidwa (koma ali zinayi gudumu ATV). Iwo ali kukula yaing'ono, kulemera alibe upambana makilogalamu 400. Nyumba kuika mu gulu osiyana. ndalama izi towed thalakitala, makamaka anafuna kuti mayendedwe a chuma (ndipo nthawi zina anthu). Kodi mtundu wa galimoto yabwino zimadalira ntchito anatumizidwa izo.

magalimoto limodzi buku

Mbali khalidwe la gulu ili ndi kupanda Chigawo cha malo mu zipinda. Ndiko kuti, galimoto otere olumikizidwa kwa galimotolo katundu ndi galimoto dipatimenti. The injini Pankhaniyi pafupifupi mkati makina. Ubwino waukulu wa magalimoto awa ndi ntchito kothandiza kwambiri danga mkati. Dziwani kuti mtundu uwu wa thupi zopezeka mu mabasi, ndi ngolo (mwachitsanzo, Anzeru). The zosintha zotsatirazi amadziŵika. Galimoto mtundu minivan ali ndi miyeso ndi lalikulu. Chinthu chapadera - Mzere wachitatu wa mipando. A pang'ono ang'onoang'ono chitsanzo minivan - kompaktven. Kwambiri "yaing'ono" woimira monocab - mikroven. Ulibe mpando wachitatu mzere, kutalika si upambana 4 m. Kuyenera kudziŵika kuti kusinthidwa ayamba zambiri kutchuka. mtundu wa galimoto yabwino yoti misewu wotanganidwa a m'mizinda ikuluikulu.

magalimoto awiri a buku

njira izi zoyendera anawagawa zipinda ziwiri zomwe amakhala ndi mzake, - ndipo combi galimoto. Kusinthidwa ali ndi ubwino ndi chidwi mbali negative. ubwino monga ogwira lalikulu, lomwe limachititsa kunyamula ngakhale yambiri katundu. Komabe galimoto chitonthozo Choncho yafupika. Angawagwere fungo mu kanyumba, phokoso kumbuyo kuyimitsidwa. Palinso chiopsezo chotenga katundu anakwera pa zochitika mwadzidzidzi. oimira chakale magalimoto amapasa a buku - hatchback (liftbek), siteshoni ngolo, minivan, ndi chaise. The ngolo thunthu chivindikiro ali ngati chitseko osiyana, izo ili zayamba vertically. Mzere wachiwiri wa mipando apangidwe, motero kuwonjezeka katundu malo. Ena mwa mitundu ya magalimoto zili ndi lachitatu mzere wa mipando. More yaying'ono ndi zosavuta kusinthidwa - hatchback. Chaise yodziwika zofewa pamwamba, detachably khomo magalasi (mwachitsanzo, UAZ-469).

Wokonzedwanso mwamakono magalimoto atatu a buku

Gulu ambiri magalimoto ali amalimata chipinda katundu ndi anthu, ndi injini. Mtundu zoyendera - mmodzi wa ambiri otetezeka ndi omasuka, ndi bwino kuganizira pamene kugula galimoto. Pamene kugunda mazunzo kapena amadza kumbuyo akuvutika makamaka kapena thunthu kapena injini chipinda. M'katikati simungathe kumva ena (kuyimitsidwa kugogoda, phokoso la injini ikulira, ndi zina zotero. P.). Komanso, kuthokoza kwa malo osiyana katundu, okwera samaona zofukiza yachilendo katundu, m'malo mbali (mwachitsanzo, gudumu). Mwa zolakwa ndi Tingaone kukula lalikulu, lomwe ndi penapake zovuta akamagwiritsa. Ndi mtundu thupi gulu zimatulutsa sedani, Coupe, ngolo, galimoto, limousine.

Mitundu ya matupi galimoto (ndi zithunzi) atatu a buku kalasi

Awiri mizere ya mipando kwa anthu, pali anayi (kapena awiri) zitseko - makhalidwe osiyana ndi a sedani a. Galimoto iliyonse malo ogona anthu 5. Pakuti ziwiri khomo Coupe thupi khalidwe la pamaso pa mizere imodzi kapena ziwiri mipando. Nthawi zambiri mu chipinda akhoza kuyendetsa awiri a anthu, chifukwa mpando kumbuyo ukuimira. Mpandadenga anaitana mtundu thupi lomwe lili ndi zochotseka (kapena kungomanga) denga. Dziwani kuti chitetezo cha kusinthidwa izi ndi zenizeni. Convertibles amagwiritsidwa amakopeka ndi maonekedwe ake, koma osati yeniyeni. The wheelbase yaitali, pamaso pa mizere oposa awiri a mipando - ali mbali zimasiyanitsa limousines. Izi galimoto - mmodzi wa omasuka kwambiri m'basimo. Van, galimoto - chitsanzo ndi mwachilungamo yaikulu yonyamula katundu dipatimenti (adatsekedwa kapena lotseguka).

magalimoto gulu

Makina magalimoto osiyanasiyana katundu ndi miyeso osiyana ndi makhalidwe, ndi ntchito kuti ntchito. Nthawi zambiri panjira akhoza kukumana ndi magalimoto 120-moŵa. mphamvu zawo ndi za 20 matani. makina amenewa ntchito zoyendera wautali. Pakuti katundu mkulu kapena mabokosi katundu ndi nyumba yabwino "Yumba". Iwo ali pakhomo yaing'ono. Nthawi zina zingakhale yabwino (mwachitsanzo, pamene ntchito pallets). Pa bolodi makina (mabwato, malo lotseguka) ukunenedwa kwa mayendedwe a zosiyanasiyana katundu: Zipangizo zomangira, mapaipi, zida zosiyanasiyana. Palinso mitundu ngati a galimoto: m'firiji (kutentha kungakhale kwa -25 ° C), katundu mphamvu za makina 3, 5, 10, matani 15. Zoyendera chakudya amagwiritsa Vans isothermal. Pakuti katundu madzi ali ndi mtundu wapadera wa galimoto - Pamadzi. Ndiko, kwa mtundu uliwonse wa zinthu kusamutsidwa, pali mtundu yoyenera kwambiri ya galimoto.

The mitundu ikuluikulu ya injini galimoto

Waukulu structural mbali ya galimoto - injini. Ndi iye amene amapereka ndi amene amayang'anira ntchito ya dongosolo lonse. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya injini ya galimoto. Engine kuyaka kuthamanga ngati mafuta monga petulo. izo umalamulidwa ndi ngo lapansi. Jekeseni injini ali nozzle kudzera zomwe mafuta jekeseni. Ngati mukufuna kupulumutsa pa mtengo kwa mafuta, muyenera kusankha zosinthika izi. Carburettor mitundu ya injini galimoto si ntchito chitsanzo panopa. Mu ndondomeko zovuta zomwe zimachitika wapadera kusanganikirana chipangizo cha mafuta ndi mpweya. The ntchito pisitoni kapena dizilo, injini ndi ndondomeko ya muyatsa mafuta, kuwasakaniza ndi mzake. Chifukwa, galimoto ndi adamulowetsa.

Kodi kusankha

mitundu yonse injini ndi zina zabwino zawo pa ntchito. Dizilo salola kupita mothamanga, chifukwa ulendo uno angathe kuutsa opulukira pistons lapansi. Ngakhale mota ngati n'zovuta kuyamba mu nyengo yozizira, izo zidzakhala zofunikira imafunika kuthiridwa mafuta mafuta khalidwe. ndi kuti Yehova sangapezeke mwa injini mafuta mavuto amenewa. Komabe, pali vuto ndi mapulagi. Posachedwapa kumeneko ndi injini hybrid: pa otsika kufulumizitsa injini magetsi akuthamanga pa kusinthitsa apamwamba kwa mafuta. Pankhaniyi, ndi drawback kwambiri galimoto ndi kukwera mtengo kukonzedwa ndi kukonzanso. Choncho, mtundu wa injini kusankha zimadalira zosowa za munthu, galimoto kopita.

Kodi ndi mitundu iti ya magudumu kulibe

Kuvomerezedwa mchitidwe galimoto galimotoyo ndi gudumu. Kumuyamikila ndi mipita magalimoto, kumafeŵetsa nkhonya. Malinga cholinga, kusiyanitsa mawilo galimoto, amene anyalanyaza makokedwe a mphamvu asilikali, ndipo anatha. Tikaphatikiza mtundu akutumikira monga nthawi yapita. Kuthandiza mawilo komanso amakhala ndi chikakamizo, kupyolera mwa iwo akupezeka galimoto kugudubuzika. Pali gulu ndi mawilo kutisokoneza. Mu gulu ili kusiyanitsa mitundu mawilo magalimoto: analankhula, litayamba, diskless. Mu mawonekedwe loyamba chinthu kulumikiza likulu ndi m'mphepete ali masipoko. ntchito zawo zili ndi malire, ambiri a mawilowo izi Tingaone pa magalimoto masewera. magudumu diskless ndi likulu anapanga kugwirizana gawo. zinalengedwera ndi wosavuta, kulemera kuwala, mtengo ndi m'munsi. Nthawi zambiri zimagwirira ntchito magalimoto. Komabe, pali mitundu ikuluikulu magalimoto ndi mawilo chimbale.

Car matayala, mitundu awo ndi ntchito

matayala Quality - imodzi yofunika kwambiri (osati wotchipa) zitsulo za galimoto. Iwo kutenga nawo mbali mu ndondomeko braking ndi udindo chitetezo. Iwo ayenera azikumana zofunika. Choyamba, kuonetsetsa samatha wabwino, ndi kulemera osachepera, nthawi inertia. Mkhalidwe tayala ali katundu wabwino zotanuka, ndi yolimba, cholimba, okhalitsa. Malinga ntchito, kuonetsetsa mitundu ngati matayala galimoto: magalimoto, magalimoto. Pali gulu la kusindikiza: chipinda, matayala tubeless. Malinga ndi kukula, iwo anagawa mu lalikulu, m'ma kukula, ang'onoang'ono kukula. matayala nawonso anabwera mu zonse, lonse, otsika-mbiri, sverhnizkoprofilnye, arched, pnevmokatki. Ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndi chitsanzo padziko awo. Pankhaniyi, mukhoza kusankha mitundu zotsatirazi matayala galimoto: ndi symmetrical, mbali, chitsanzo asymmetrical. Malinga ndi mikhalidwe imene galimoto opareshoni, matayala wolemekezeka chilimwe, chisanu ndi onse nyengo-. Matayala a mtundu woyamba kupereka nsinga pazipita mu kouma. matayala Zima ali ndi yoterera chipale anaphimba msewu. Komanso, pali mitundu ya chilengedwe jombo ndi mtunda mphira.

Mafuta galimoto

The mitundu ikuluikulu ya mafuta galimoto ndi mafuta, dizilo. Mu mafuta kuyenga, processing olimba mafuta analandira katundu mafuta ntchito zomwe zimadalira zikuchokera ndi mtendere detonation. Iwo amakhala ndi nambala octeni. The apamwamba zigoli, ndi zambiri zosagwira motsutsana detonation ali mtundu wa mafuta galimoto. The mafuta zikuchokera akhoza kukhala kutumikiridwa antidetonators. khalidwe mafuta kumakhudza mwachindunji pa ntchito bwino mgwirizano pakati injini. Dziwani kuti mafuta ayenera mulibe madzi, alkalis madzi sungunuka, zidulo, ndi zina admixtures makina. mtundu wina wa galimoto mafuta - dizilo - mankhwala a mafuta kuyenga. The zikuchokera lili cetane ndi methyl naphthalene. Kukwanitsa mafuta kudziletsa azinyadira dizilo amadziwika nambala cetane. Mulingo woyenera ntchito yake - kuchokera mayunitsi 45 mpaka 50. Khalidwe la dizilo kumatengera zifukwa monga mtambo mfundo, kutsanulira mfundo, malire filterability kutentha. The zikuchokera ayenera bwino ankalamulira zili sulfure. Motalikira ndi, ndi apamwamba mlingo wa zikuwononga injini avale.

Njira mafuta - gasi

The mwayi waukulu wogwidwa ndi mpweya liquefied, - ndi chiyero chake. Mu mtundu uwu wa mafuta palibe patsogolo, okhutira sulfure ndi kochepa, palibe zinyalala zina. Choncho, injini adzathamanga zambiri mosavuta ndi yayitali, chifukwa kuchuluka mwaye, anakaika mpweya ndi yaing'ono. Dziwani kuti mafuta ali ndi zochepa (poyerekeza ndi mafuta). Ngakhale cholinga zitsanzo zoyendera uja kokha LPG. Nthawi zambiri makina amenewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zipinda opaleshoni. Komanso pa mafuta akuthamanga mitundu yambiri ya makina munda. Izi si vuto kutembenuza galimotoyo mtundu wa mafuta. Mtengo wa ntchito zoterezi ndi otsika. Komabe, n'kofunika kwambiri kukhalabe luso logwiritsa ntchito ndi mafuta. makina wayikidwa akhale ndi yamphamvu mpweya, ndi carburetor, reducer-evaporator.

Kodi mtundu wa galimoto bwino

Posankha galimoto ayenera kutsatira ntchito kuti zimayikidwa patsogolo galimoto. Ngati chitetezo ndi nkhani yaikulu, ndi bwino kusankha kwa makina atatu a buku. More ndalama (mawu a mafuta) injini dizilo. Samalani ndalama ndi magalimoto ndi zida mpweya. Posankha galimoto zimadalira mfundo kuti idzachitike. Zida galimoto, mitundu ya thupi lake ndi injini - deta khalidwe atengedwa mu nkhani lililonse.