Mankhwala ndi sayansi chofunika kwambiri chimene chikufunika kwa anthu onse. Ndi chitukuko kunakhala kotheka kutalikitsa moyo wa anthu, koma iwo ku mitundu yonse ya matenda ndi kusapeza kuti iwo amayambitsa. Tsiku lililonse, anthu mamiliyoni ambiri amafuna thandizo ku umoyo, amene ntchito zikomo dongosolo yolongosoka. Iwo limapangidwa nthambi ambiri, omwe ali ndi mtundu wina wa ntchito. Kuphunzira mankhwala ayenera kuphunzira zambiri za sayansi, popanda zomwe n'zosatheka kuchitira. Akukhulupirira kuti Gawo ndi sayansi zikuluzikulu zimene amaphunzira mfundo kukonza, ntchito za thupi, zinthu pathological zimene zimachitika mu izo, matenda ndi mankhwala a matenda. Pokhapokha lophunzira dokotala m'tsogolo akhoza anayambitsa ku chipatala kuti apeze ntchito ndi odwala.
Propaedeutics - ndi chiyani ichi? N'chifukwa chiyani muyenera sayansi?
Kuweta sayansi zachipatala: pathological Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa, propaedeutics ndi mankhwala. Woyamba amathandiza kumveketsa limagwirira cha zochita za matenda, m'pofunika kuthetsa izo. Propaedeutics - nthambi ya mankhwala, zimene zonse ntchito ndi odwala. sayansi ndi koyenera kuti Kuphunzira mtima ndi kutsimikizira mfundo onse obwera ndi kudwala kwa. Pamafunikanso zinthu monga:
- Kutolere madandaulo wodwalayo;
- phunziro la zochitika za matenda;
- mbiri ya moyo wa wodwalayo;
- Kupenda ziwalo zonse ndi kachitidwe;
- chizindikiritso cha zinthu zina kuposa zachibadwa.
Features anamnesis
The clinician choyamba ayenera kukambirana ndi wodwala kapena banja lake (ngati wodwalayo ali mu mkhalidwe aakulu, mwana). Chifukwa kafukufuku dokotala umapeza zimene nkhawa munthu. Iye ayenera kufunsa mwatsatanetsatane za madandaulo a wodwalayo, kufunsa pamene afika kumeneko, zimene zifukwa zinachititsa kuti izi. M'pofunika kupeza zimene mankhwala wodwala analandira awo, ngati izi zinachititsa kuti Zotsatira. Chotsatira ndicho kuphunzira mbiri ya moyo. Pamafunikanso mafotokozedwe a zonse zokhudzana ndi umoyo wodwalayo chibadwire. dokotalayo anafunsa matenda akhala moyo, umene zinachititsa (kuchira, amakhala aakulu, zosokonezeka). Iye anafunsa za kukhalapo kwa thupi lawo siligwirizana ndi makhalidwe oipa, olemedwa chibadwa. M'pofunika kudziwa ngati wodwalayo anakumana ndi odwala matenda, kaya iye anali TB, pathologies venereal kapena matenda a chiwindi.
kafukufuku mtima
Propaedeutics - ndi sayansi, chimene chili chofunika mu ntchito iliyonse dokotala, monga dokotala aliyense athe kuwunika mmene mtima mwa kuyendera. Pamafunikanso ndi zochita za chikumbumtima, maonekedwe a mtima, kuona wa kaimidwe wake, gait, mtundu wa malamulo. Zimenezi zimathandiza kudziwa pamaso pa kusintha kuonekera khungu, minofu, mafupa, fupa, kutupa lymph mfundo, edema. Professional propedeutics - amatha kugwira katswiri khalidwe matenda a zinthu pathological chifukwa dongosolo yeniyeni anayendera thupi. Mwachitsanzo, kupenda ziwalo zoberekera kwa gynecologists, kuphunzira MAGAZI zasayansi kwa hematologists, ndi zina zotero. D.
Propaedeutics matenda ziwalo za m'kati
Pofuna kuti aone mkhalidwe ziwalo, propaedeutics, pali wapadera njira matenda. Zikuphatikizapo: palpation, percussion ndi auscultation. Pambuyo kudzifufuza akatswiri a dera la dokotala akuyamba ake akufufuza mpata. Kamakupatsani nkhani pamaso pa ululu, kukula, kapangidwe, thupi kuyenda. Ndi kusintha percussion chilema, ndipo auscultation angathe kuchitidwa matenda masiyanidwe pakati pa matenda osiyanasiyana a m'mapapo, mtima thirakiti m'mimba. Propaedeutics - kofunika nthambi ya mankhwala, popanda zomwe n'zosatheka kupereka thandizo kuchipatala.