Pofikira a dziko. Zimayambitsa ndi zotsatira

Osati aliyense amadziwa ndi kusakhulupirika kuti. Mawu osavuta lingaliro ili limafotokoza atolankhani otchuka. mawu awa n'chimodzimodzi ndi bankirapuse. Koma kawirikawiri kufanizira kwa tanthauzo limeneli n'zochepa, chifukwa mfundo insolvency ali ndi kutanthauzira kuchepera. Tiganizire moposera zimenezi ofikira. Mawu osavuta ife kufotokoza akamanena za chiphunzitso cha.

terminology Official

Anthu ambiri ntchito m'munda wa zachuma, tikudziwa chimene chimatanthauza ofikira. Pansi tanthauzo limeneli, iwo ankadziwa kuphwanya pangano malipiro yotentha ndi wobwereka wobwereketsayo. Ndipotu, kulephera kucita bzidabwiso yake alipire ngongole kapena mawu lina la chigwirizano. Monzama kusakhulupirika - ndi mtundu uliwonse wa si udindo ngongole. Zochita kumasulira yopapatiza ya chiphunzitso cha. Anthu olamulira, bwino kulingalira izo zikutanthauza ofikira. M'njira yopapatiza, pansi pake kumvetsa kulephera kwa ulamuliro wagawo chapakati ngongole zawo.

njira Features

mbali zapadera kusakhulupirika tinganene kuti, kuyerekeza ndi bankirapuse. Mu chochitika cha insolvency la samalipira a (makampani kapena mwachinsinsi) ngongole ali ndi ufulu kudzagwira chuma cha ngongole. Choncho compensates imfa yake. M'mayiko ambiri, bankirapuse kumaphatikizapo ndondomeko centralized imene kuthetsa zonena zonse za kampani insolvent. Atilanda katundu mu nkhani iyi ikuchitika malinga ndi lamulo la khoti. Chuma yagawidwa pamodzi ndi anapanga mpikisano waukulu umene kenako anagawira pakati angongole patsogolo anakhazikitsa lamulo. njirayi mwina kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maiko anatchedwa ofikira. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti amangidwe chuma ngongole imeneyi ndi sizingatheke. Mu nkhani zabwino, angongole adzatha amaundana ndi katundu wa boma, amene ali kunja kwa malire ace, kuphatikizapo katundu ndi ndalama mu nkhani yachilendo.

Gawo

Boma kusakhulupirika zikhoza kukhala:

1. Pa ngongole kubanki.
2. Pa ngongole mu ndalama dziko.
3. The ngongole ndalama zakunja.

Pofikira boma sankakhala mu ndalama national amalengeza kamodzikamodzi kuposa pa ngongole yachilendo. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti boma akhoza kulipira udindo zoweta nkhani ya banknotes latsopano.

Akamanena za ndondomekoyi

limagwirira The imene imapangitsa kusakhulupirika kwa dziko akhoza akuimira mu mawonekedwe a mozungulira bwalolo. Pa gawo loyamba, boma limapeza ndi mwayi mosavuta magwero mayiko a zachuma. Iwo, makamaka, ndi IMF, ndi Paris Club a mabanki payekha ndi osunga ndalama chachikulu m'mayiko otukuka. Monetary Fund Akatswiri amalangiza zofuna akuluakulu kulonjeza ziwawa ngongole chidwi. Kotero iwo akhoza kuwakopera ndalama zambiri. Chiyembekezo cha akadzabweranso mkulu kwenikweni amakopeka likulu padziko lonse wa angongole. Ndi wosavuta kusamutsa ndalama muzosaka za kopindulitsa kwambiri ndalama yochepa. ndalama zawo aganyali kugula masheya wosindikiza limati. Mu kulowetsedwa ndalama zambiri ndalama amakhala yochepa ndalama kupeza zabwino. Limalimbikitsa osankhika dziko kuti iye wasankha njira yoyenera chitukuko. Nthawi zambiri kuchita, gawo yokulirapo likulu owonjezera Kodi sangafikire chuma chenicheni, ndipo anamuika mu nkhani zachinsinsi za akuluakulu a boma. Posakhalitsa kapena kenako yomweyo malipiro nthawi zonse akuyamba. Pankhaniyi, boma, monga ulamuliro, likhoza pang'ono abwezere ngongole kwa ndalama zake. Kuchita malipiro amafunika kulera ndalama ku misika zoweta ndi achilendo. Only ndi mayiko angapo angathe zinthu izi ziziyenda kapena kuchepetsa ngongoleyo. Monga ulamuliro Komabe, ngongole kunja ikukula mofulumira.

mwendo yachiwiri

Pa nyengo ya kukula chuma, ndalama akudalira pa gwero lenileni la alipire. Zikatero, obwereketsa ndi kupereka ngongole watsopano mayiko. Koma pa mawonetseredwe woyambirira wa zandale kapena zachuma, ndalama kukhala zochepa. Chiwerengero cha ukuwonjezeka ngongole. Choncho, ngongole yokha zikuchulukirachulukira mofulumira. Izi zikachitika, ndi kusakhulupirika kwa dziko - kokha nkhani ya nthawi.

thandizo la ndalama

Emergency kuphatikana ndalama IMF angathe kupulumutsidwa pokhapokha kwa nthawi yochepa. Kuwonjezera pa thandizo lenileni ndalama Monetary Fund amanyamula angapo zinthu zimene likulu payekha ali mpata kuchoka m'dera vuto. Obwereketsa amene anachoka ndalama zawo nthawi, tidzakhalabe Nkhata, ngakhale zafotokozedwera dziko Sanapezeke. Amatha kupeza phindu chidwi ndi akagulitse ngongole. Chifukwa, Mulimonsemo, idzafika nthawi pamene palibe Investor akufuna kuti aganyali mu chikhalidwe vuto, ngakhale mitengo kwambiri. Chifukwa chosowa ndalama refinance boma anakakamizika yolengeza ofikira.

devaluation

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri m'malo kulephera kukwaniritsa udindo. Chotero chimake inayake amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mayiko ndi udindo waukulu mkati. Ndipotu muyeso zimenezi zikufanana ndi kusakhulupirika pa ngongole zakwawoko. Nthawi zina, nthawi yomweyo boma watero insolvency ake ndi zimamutchipitsa.

Chiwerengero cha Mwina

Boma, mosiyana ndi kampani payekha, palibe mfundo zachuma, sipangakhalenso kusanthula kale. M'dziko lonse m'pofunika kupenda mkhalidwe wa dziko lonse zachuma. chidwi ziperekedwe kwa chiŵerengero cha ngongole mu ndalama zakunja komanso mayiko, kuchuluka kwa ngongole mtengo wa wolowa pachaka. Ofunika ndi yaying'ono zizindikiro monga GDP ndi golide nkhokwe, mlingo wa kufufuma. Mu njira ya kusanthula ofunika kwambiri kwa funso zodalirika deta zowerengera ndi kovuta kuposa wounikira amangawa makampani malipoti. Izi makamaka amadziwitsidwa mu States ndi kukhala ndi chuma kusintha.

njira kusanthula

Mitundu yonse ya ziyenera a ziyerekezo kusakhulupirika anawagawa m'magulu awiri:

1. Leni - awa njira kulola mawerengedwe a chinthu cholinga pamaziko a zambiri zowerengera.
2. Njira yochokera mtengo msika kumangidwa, magawo kapena ofanana nawo a mfundo imene anatsimikiza ndale kuwunika ndi umafunika chiopsezo.

Chiwerengerochi kwenikweni masamu mabungwe mlingo. Malinga ndi kuwerengetsa zowopseza amaonekera ndi Mwina imfa angachokere ndalama zakunja. The apamwamba a mlingo wa dziko, m'munsi chiopsezo ofikira. kuwunika amenewa ndi ofunika kwa wokongoza achilendo kusankha malo mulingo woyenera kwambiri ndalama.

Chiŵerengero buku katundu ngongole kunja

The mawerengedwe a index ichi ndi chimodzi mwa njira yotchuka kwambiri ya kusanthula. Kodi adzakhala ambiri chiŵerengero ili bwino pa ngongole kubweza ngongole zimenezi. Pali osiyana kusalekerera aziona kuchuluka izi, koma ankaona mlingo zolandirika 20% kapena zambiri. Komabe, izi chithunzi akatswiri samafotokozedwa mulingo woyenera. Ndi pafupifupi 20% ya boma adzakhala mu zaka 5 kuchita maudindo onse, kutumiza ndalama katundu kubwerera ngongole yachilendo. Koma ngati nthawi zambiri atengedwa mu nkhani ya ndalama makampani, boma Adzakakamizika expropriate kwathunthu. Izi zikachitika, kuteteza wolowa pa mlingo kwa zaka zisanu ndi chodziwikiratu. Komanso, boma sangathe kwathunthu kuchiyani kupulumutsidwa, monga chosemphana ndi dongosolo la ntchito kuwombola achilendo ndi matanthauzo katundu kunja.

bajeti

chikhalidwe chake ndikofunika mu kusanthula solvency dziko mtima. Makamaka, amatengedwa nkhani chiŵerengero cha zinthu ndalama ndi kuchuluka kwa ngongole. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kudziwa kuchuluka kwa bajeti ake boma akhoza kutumiza udindo utumiki popanda complicating zinthu umoyo ndi zachuma. Monga msonkho amachita monga kusonyeza kwambiri, kulosera zinthu adzayenera ganizilani zinthu ndi vuto la zachuma chiyembekezo. Pambuyo pa zimenezi n'kofunika kudziwa kusiyana pakati pa mtengo analandira ndi kuchuluka lenileni la milandu pa inayake utumiki kudzipereka. Ngati izo ziri mu mtima wa alipire ngongole, boma uyenera kutaya ngongole zina.

Kodi kusakhulupirika pa chikhalidwe cha gawo zachuma?

Chodabwitsa kungasokoneze chuma. Koma Russia, pali choyamba, mtengo wa mitengo ruble kugwa zikuchepa wachibale ndalama za maiko ena. mabizinezi ambiri nawo kugula mankhwala achilendo, adzakakamizika suspend kapena kwathunthu kusiya ntchito.

Anthu ambiri amadabwa likuoneka kuti kusakhulupirika Ukraine. Pa nthawi ino vuto yomangika kwambiri m'gawo lake. Komabe, ndi EU thandizo, kuphatikizapo ndalama. Yankho lolondola kwambiri kwa funso la chimene Ukraine likuoneka kuti kusakhulupirika, akatswiri mlingo mabungwe. Mwachitsanzo, malinga kuwerengetsera Moody, mavuto mu 2000 sanali oipa kwambiri ndalama. Akatswiri amanena zolemba za Eurobond, amene ananena insolvency, pasanathe mwezi umodzi pambuyo kulephera kukwaniritsa udindo. Posacedwapa defaults hryvnia akuyembekezeka. Ngakhale zinthu wosakhazikika pa ndale ndiponso zachuma, boma akuyesera kuti akwaniritse mukukwaniritsa.

Pofikira nzika

Mogwirizana ndi kumayambiriro ziletso ndi la Russia, anthu ambiri ku Russia ndi mantha, osadziwa choti kutenga kuopseza mavuto. Monga zinanenedwa pamwamba, kukana utumiki kunja ngongole mu malo oyamba zidzakhudza boma la ruble lapansi. Pankhani imeneyi, akatswiri amalangiza kuchotsa ndalama dziko ndi kugula akewo chilichonse kwambiri (zipangizo kunyumba, malo). Onse amene adzakhala pambuyo kusakhulupirika kwa, akumenya mwamphamvu pa bajeti ya anthu. Ndi kuchepa lakuthwa mu ruble kusinthitsa ndalama adzauka pa mitengo ya katundu ogula. Malipilo mu izi zikhale chomwecho kapena kuchepa. Pambuyo kusakhulupirika kwa chiopsezo kutaya ndalama ndalama. Experience alibe limafunika kwa aja amene Finance si kusungidwa nkhani ruble. Companies chinkhoswe mu kugula katundu kunja, angakhale insolvent, kotero kuti adzakhala ndi kulekeza ndodo. Anthu ndi chipembedzo ofufuza kudzikundikira analangizidwa kuti aganyali ndalama wolimba kapena golide. Opindulitsa malo kugula. Khalani limasonyeza kuti nthawi yamavuto mtengo wa nyumba yafupika osachepera kawiri. Njira imodzi otchuka ndalama zawo chimaonedwabe kulowetsa mu ndalama zakunja (US dola kapena yuro). Ndi kuopseza isanayambike ngati mavuto, boma liyenera kukhwimitsa kwambiri ziziyenda dongosolo umoyo ndi zachuma.