Ndalama mmalo: lingaliro, mitundu, mbali chuma

Ndalama mmalo - ndichiyani? udindo wawo mu kachitidwe kamakono zachuma ndi chiyani? Motani moyo zachuma? Izi ndi tsankho mndandanda wa zinthu zimene ife m'nkhani ino.

maganizo

Ndalama imalowetsamo - mmalo ali wapadera mitundu boma la ndalama kuti achita mu makope ndi mabungwe ntchito kulipira. Kwa malingaliro katswiri, iwo ali ndi muyezo zofunika kuti athe kuweruza za chitukuko za kufalitsidwa kwa ndalama mu dziko chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwawo kapena kusapezeka. Tikumbukenso kuti ngakhale mmalo ndalama ndi ntchito ngati njira ya malipiro, sangathe kutumikira monga chinthu ndalama, komanso kudziwa anapangira nzeru katundu. Makamaka katundu wawo (pa nkhope ya ndalama) ndi kuti iwo alibe liquidity mtheradi chifukwa makope zochepa. Mabvuto ndi ntchito yokonza awo mphamvu kugula chifukwa chakuti iwo kokha analandira mawonekedwe Kuchotsera. M'mawu ena, mtengo weniweni ndi nthawi pang'ono pansipa par. Izi si osachepera chifukwa mbali zina. Choncho, malipiro ndalama cashless "pansi pa" Commission ya kachitidwe. Ndipo ngati chinthu ndi wofunika 100 rubles pafupifupi, pakuti kulipira 101, osachepera.

N'chifukwa chiyani ndalama mmalo?

Chifukwa chachikulu asayembekezere amatchedwa kusowa zolemba banki, amene kuboma. Izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa nayenso zolimba mfundo za boma ngongole (zomwe cholinga chake ndi kuthana ndi zoipa zako inflationary). Pofuna kuona mmene chuma amaperekedwa, kuwerengera koyefishienti wa monetization. Iwo limanenedwa ngati kuchuluka kwa unyinji wa ndalama ndi dziko aakulu mankhwala zoweta. Chitsanzo ndi 1990, pamene chinthu Russian, ndi kuwerengetsera osiyana, ranged kwa 12-20%. Ngakhale ziyenera kugwira ntchito yachibadwa pafupifupi 60%. zifukwa monga ena kwa maonekedwe a mmalo ndalama amatchedwa misozi ubale zachuma, amene makamaka akuwonetseredwa mwakhama 90 ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo.

Gawo

Kodi ndalama mmalo? Kaya bungwe lawo yeniyeni, chikhalidwe gulu ndi nambala mbali zina kusiyanitsa njira zina izi:

1. State. Zikuphatikizapo chuma kuona ndalama dera, ubwino msonkho ndi nambala m'malo ena, kusindikiza ndi kufalitsa amene ali pansi pa ulamuliro boma.
2. Malonda. Zikuphatikizapo ngongole ndalama, yolemba malisiti akutsatiridwa ndi midzi komanso zinthu zina zofanana wa bungwe, chimene kwakukulukulu kudalira pa mgwirizano wa mabungwe payekha.
3. Other. Zikuphatikizapo njira zina monga makuponi petulo, chakudya, zovala, zikalata malonda ndi zina zambiri zinthu zofanana mogwirizana.

Chifukwa ntchito ndalama mmalo?

Makamaka zogwirizana ndi funso mu nthawi yoyamba ya kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka ntchito zachuma. Monga mayankho ungabweretse zotsatirazi:

1. M'malo ndalama njira ya malipiro chifukwa kuti akukumana ndi kusowa wokonda ndalama. Mavuto mu nkhani iyi, ndi kuwinduka malipiro chimanga chosakhwima cashless chifukwa cha mavuto dongosolo kubanki. Nthawi zambiri, kungasokoneze akhoza kuchepetsedwa ngati ndalama pakompyuta kuti anayambitsa, koma kuti pa nthawi imeneyo panalibe.
2. Pamaso zomvetsa zobisika amakampani, makamaka actualized pa kusintha kwa njira msika wa ulimi.
3. Kuyesa kuzemba misonkho ambiri chifukwa cha zimene anapita malisiti ndalama mu bajeti ndi kuonjezera kuchepekedwa ake.
4. Mmene ntchito ndalama ya malonda monga chida cha kukongoza malonda mu Russia lalikulu.
5. njira Inflationary mu malo oyamba, n'zogwirizana ndi kutulutsidwa kwa mitengo ndi kusintha kwa woyang'anira mawu msika.

zifukwa onse amene ali pamwambawa, ndipo anathandizapo chakuti ndalama mmalo amatha kukulitsa ngati zida ndalama Musapereke kwa tsintho ndi ngongole malonda. Mwachitsanzo, kulipira pa arrears kuti bajeti nthawi 1991-1996, Uwerenge zomwe chimachititsa mabiliyoni rubles, ku Russia Ministry of Finance chikalata ngongole Treasury. Chotero njira malipiro anatilola kupewa Zomvetsa chisoni.

modernity

Pa dzanja limodzi, iwo ikhoza silingagwire ofooka a zachuma wathu. Koma, nthawi yomweyo, munthu sayenera kunyozera kufunika structural, kuyambira pamaso yawo malinga ndi zifukwa zachuma. Choncho, kuwonongedwa kwa achiŵiri angachotsedwe imfa ya ndalama, komanso kungasokoneze pa njira zachuma. Apa ife tsopano mwakhama ntchito ndalama pakompyuta, pali ambiri kachitidwe malipiro. Pa dzanja limodzi, ali chifukwa mankhwala okha alibe liquidity mtheradi, ndi zimene mavuto mlandu angakhalepo kupeza. Komanso musaiwale kuti mtengo weniweni ndi nthawi pansipa par. Koma, nthawi yomweyo, tisaiwale kuti kuwonongedwa kwa ndondomeko limodzi gawo kale anapanga, sikutheka.

chikoka cha achiŵiri

Ngati tikulingalira 90 ntchentche za m'ma otsiriza, chifukwa ntchito achiŵiri panali kusamvana kwambiri mphamvu kugula. Choncho, ngati m'kukoma rubles, mtengo mosavuta osiyanasiyana nthawi 1.5-2. Kumene, inu mukhoza kuwona pali tsopano, pamene mkate nthandala osiyana mu Tver ndi Sakhalin. Koma chinthu chimodzi, pamene tikulimbana ndi mbale zoyendera ndipo pagona pamene chakudya chogulitsidwa ogulira loyandikana Arcade. Mwa njira, mphamvu zimenezi zinachititsa chakuti pa gawo la Chitaganya cha Russia, anapanga wapadera, ndi yoyenda yokha dongosolo malipiro, lomwe likugwirabe ndalama mmalo. Nde tikhoza kukumbukira kuti atumiki athu ogwira ntchito m'boma amene kukhala nthawi yaitali pa msewu magalimoto, kupereka makuponi kwa mafuta. Pa dzanja limodzi, si ndalama, anthu sadzatha yocheza mosatonthozeka awo. Pa zina - pali munthu zolowa ulamuliro zina zabwino. Mulimonse mmene zinakhalira, wakwera ambulansi, apolisi ndi firefighters kwambiri, kotero kuti dziko yilungamitsidwa kwathunthu imapita.

chuma achiŵiri

Iwo amagwiritsa ntchito kuwerengetsera kapena kuukitsa ndalama zina mu chuma cha boma. Mwachitsanzo, tiyeni ife kupereka ichi: a dziko Wonenedwa ali ndi kuchepekedwa bajeti ya 2%. Pali yachiwiriyo: mwina ife kutenga ngongole kapena kudula mtengo. Theoretically, molondola kuposa ndiye chimake chachiwiri. Koma amene wakuuza kuti anthu amachita rationally? Andale - awa ndi anthu amene safuna kutaya mavoti awo. Choncho anayamba wapadera Zachuma cholemba, negotiated amasulidwe (mochuluka bwanji, mtundu wa zimangokhala, chidwi, ndi zina zotero). Zonsezi ukutitsimikizira boma. Pa dzanja limodzi, ndi odalirika ndalama, koma winayo - si kopindulitsa. Apa Mwachitsanzo, mu Wonenedwa boma mlingo kufufuma ndi 12%, ndipo sheya chikalata adzapereka 7 kokha% ya phindu la.

Kuwopsa ndi zoopsa

Ngakhale pa Koyamba zikuonekeratu kuti anthu amene aganyali iwo okha kuti akuluza ndalama zawo. Ndipo pamene inu kuganizira kwambiri chiwerengero cha zinthu zokhudza aziona Kudziwa mauthenga, kotero zinthu zonse chifuniro chisoni (kutanthauza zomwe akatswiri ambiri a zachuma mukukhulupirira kuwerengetsera kufufuma pa njira zamakono saganizira). Ndalama ndi kufalitsidwa ndalama Pankhaniyi ntchito ngati maziko a moyo ndalama ya boma, ndi achiŵiri akhoza kupewa mavuto zoipa kusowa kwawo.

Kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama pakompyuta

Ngati ife kulankhula za msika Russian, osewera yeniyeni apa ndi Webmoney ndi Yandex. Ndithudi, palinso kachitidwe ka banki ya malipiro a pakompyuta, koma chifukwa zingapo zochititsa amaona, ife sadzatero. Chomaliza koma osati chosafunikira ndi chifukwa chakuti iwo analengedwa ndi zina ntchito mabungwe kubanki. Tikakhala ndi chidwi zamagetsi malipiro, amene analengedwa mwachindunji kwa cholinga ichi. Pa msika dziko imatengedwa kuti ndi kutsogolera player PayPal, koma chifukwa chakuti n'chosiyana latsopano la Russia, izo kukhala. Koma, ambiri, mfundo opaleshoni ali yemweyo, kuti zotsatira tingathanedi kuti akalandire ndi anzawo yachilendo. Kotero, izo zikuwoneka ngati munthu wabwinobwino kugula ndondomeko? Mwamuna amabwera kwa wogulitsa, akufunsa za mtengo wa katundu, ndiyeno amalingalira ngati akufuna izo. Ngati yankho ndi inde, izo zimamuthandiza kuchuluka kwa ndalama, kulandira mankhwala kapena utumiki.

Kodi achiŵiri pakompyuta?

Pankhaniyi, zonse ndi zovuta. Poyamba, muyenera kupereka njira ntchito nkhoswe (pakompyuta dongosolo malipiro). Ndiye wogulitsa adzapanga pempho kwa izo cholinga cha kupeza ngati muli ndalama zokwanira. Ngati mfundo zikutsimikiziridwa, katundu zofunika adzatumizidwa, ndi kuchuluka deducted pa nkhani. Ndiko kuti, ndalama si mwachindunji ntchito ndondomeko, ngakhale kumayambiliro ndipo pamapeto (pamene wogulitsa ndi zasungidwa ndalama) n'zofunika. Koma zingapo za ntchito m'malo mwa ntchito mmalo amagetsi. Ngati tikulingalira Webmoney, ndiye zingakhale WMZ, WMR, WMU, WME, WMB ndi zina zotero. Monga mukuonera, njira zambiri.

Tsintho ndi makuponi

Tiyeni mapeto a nkhani tikambirana kwambiri mtundu wa mmalo, komanso udindo wawo chuma. Pansi tsintho ndi ikukhudza mwachindunji kuwombola katundu. Mwachitsanzo, chakuti munthu ndizinyenya ine mabokosi khumi la machesi. Izi ndi tsintho weniweni. Nthawi komwe chuma cha dziko chikupita imaleka kugwira ntchito, ndi kugwirizana ndi kugwa, mawonekedwe ngati wamalonda limakupatsani kukhalabe ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya anthu osachepera mwa nzeru katundu, zomwe anapanga. Kuti ali ndi udindo tsintho ndi yaikulu nkhani ya chisokonezo kusalankhula, chifukwa uyamiko kwa Iye, pali nthawi zina zimachitika. Ndipo mwina kutsogoloku kukhala mu kugwirizana wolimba, koma nthawi iyi anavala asapita ndalama-chofunika. Makuponi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa nthawi imene boma zikuchitika panthawi zovuta, ndi chuma okha kwambiri - moti yogawa zolakwika kungachititse zomvetsa zina za munthu. Choncho, ntchito zonse Kugawilidwa kwanthaka wa zinthu zomwe zilipo. Ndiye inu mukhoza kutenga zamitundu kotunga kwambiri kapena zochepa abwino. Mwachitsanzo, malo a Wonenedwa dziko, pamene kwambiri kuonongeka ulimi, ndi ndalama kapena mwayi kugula iwo konse ayi. Stamps Angagwiritsidwenso ntchito kuthandiza osauka. Koma mwambo umenewu dziko lathu sanapezeke. Choncho, achiŵiri monga amutumizire ndi tsintho, ndi zizindikiro bata ndi zopezera anthu. Ndipo popeza kulibe awo kapena kupezeka pa mlingo kuti iwo sangakhoze anawerengedwa, akusonyeza pamaso pa mumaganiza positive.