Philosophy mu dongosolo chikhalidwe

Anthu ena amadzifunsa kuti, "Kodi zimenezi zinachitika kuti sayansi ndi kungopereka malingaliro kwambiri ndi kuyankha mafunso wakhala mmodzi wa mizati ya chitukuko cha anthu?". Ndithudi, izo si ngozi chinachitika ndi nzeru. Dongosolo chikhalidwe, ndi yofunika kwambiri. N'chifukwa chiyani zonse? Tiyeni tiyese kuzilingalira izo.

History akuti "nzeru" ali mizu Greek ndi njira ya nzeru, mwa kulankhula kwina, chikondi cha nzeru (fileo - chikondi, Sophia - nzeru). Poyamba, sayansi ndi mtundu ya kudalirana kwa zochita zofunika kwambiri kwa anthu akale a nthano ndi chipembedzo, zomwe m'malo mwa nthano zambiri. Mosiyana kuonetsa maganizo ndi wosangalatsa zenizeni chikhalidwe ndi masoka ndi zolembedwa chilengedwe efficiently. Choyamba Mapazi sayansi wayamba kuchita pofotokoza ndendende chikhalidwe ndi conventionally anati nzeru achilengedwe. Ngakhale kuti nzeru za dongosolo la chikhalidwe chauzimu panthawiyo amodzi a malo ofunika kwambiri, kuphunzitsa makamaka imachitika pa mfundo ya "tingoganizira kuti zinthu sizili monga tinauzidwa ...". Chatsekedwa dera zithandize kukambirana kosangalatsa ndi yaitali anapereka mbali yomwe koma chabe sayansi.

Mkubwela kwa kugawana nzeru pa zosiyanasiyana za makampani kakusintha, ndi sayansi, monga kenako Mukalongosola cholinga cha phunziro ake, zomwe ndi malo apadera mu dongosolo la nzeru za chikhalidwe anthu.

Panopa allocated nzeru dalektiko-zakuthupi, amene adakali amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu kukula kwa anthu, kulola njira ina kuyang'ana pa malamulo a chilengedwe, nzeru, maganizo, ndiponso anthu. Ndi chilango chimenechi lero ndi chikoka chachikulu pa mapangidwe zauzimu wa munthu. N'chifukwa chiyani mosiyana scientism otchuka akuonekera bwino kuti nzeru mu dongosolo la chikhalidwe si chipilala kuti zochita kamodzi wotchuka sayansi, ndi gwero la chidziwitso chitukuko zina. chimasiyanitsa chiyani icho?

• abstractness

Lonse ndi abstraction chibadidwe maphunziro ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, masamu. Inde, ndi umboni, koma si mwamwambo wa kufotokoza zenizeni. nzeru Izi bwino kwambiri. Dongosolo chikhalidwe n'kofunika chiphunzitso amayankha mafunso osati "youma" mfundo ndi mozama atsogoleri kupeza yankho.

• reflexivity

Kufufuza chenicheni, kusonyeza zotsatira ikuchitika kudzera disolo wauzimu (osati kusokonezedwa ndi chipembedzo) ndipo cognition.

• Cholinga cha sayansi

A malo apadera mu nzeru za dongosolo chikhalidwe si otaya popangidwa ndi ofufuza ndi anthu okha. Ndi reflexivity, izo zakhala ngati sayansi ya sayansi. Sikuti zimangochitika akupereka mfundo, ndi transmits kuti sitima ya hayala, kumene monga likukhalira, ndi ndodo mapangidwe, kupanga sayansi wauzimu. Chifukwa malowa anthu anabadwa ndi kukhala zolinga monga ubwino, choonadi, chilungamo, pamene kupanga wathanzi ndi yabwino makhalidwe.

Nzeru ya mapeto a chikhalidwe chauzimu cha Masiku ano waima pa nkhani ya chiwerengero cha zigawo amene ali mbali ya dongosolo lomwelo. Choncho, mwachitsanzo, chitsanzo chidwi ndi kugwirizana epistemology. Izi kuphunzira ikufotokoza mmene munthu amaona okha ndi dziko lonse. Ndi izi kwa chiwerengero cha magawo akufuna mfundo za nzeru; konkire, umboni, anzeru ndiponso zomveka, chidziwitso ongolankhula ndi makhalidwe amene amafotokoza khalidwe ndi umunthu kusintha anthu.

Sociology ndi chinthu chofunika, amene ali gawo la chiphunzitso anati nzeru. Mu dongosolo ili chikhalidwe sayansi amanyadira malo, chifukwa phunziro ili ndipo anafotokoza chitukuko ndi zinthu zina mmadera.

Udindo wapadera wa sayansi ndi olimba. Ndi tanthauzo nzeru zaumunthu, kuphunzira limapereka mlingo woyenera wa maphunziro auzimu, motero kusewera otsogolera mu dongosolo chikhalidwe.