The Red Book wa dera Tyumen: zomera, nyama, mbalame

Tyumen dera ndi mbali ya Western Siberia. zinthu zachilengedwe yozizira kwambiri, koma nyama ndi zomera ali wolemera kwambiri. A chopereka yokulirapo kusamala anapanga Red Book wa dera Tyumen.

A pang'ono za m'dera

Tyumen Region ndi mbali ya Urals Federal District ndipo ali m'chigawo cha Western Siberia. Pamodzi ndi zigawo yoyenda yokha izo linayambira ku malire a kum'mwera kwa dziko la kugombe la nyanja ya Arctic. M'mphepete Arkhangelsk, Kurgan, Omsk, Sverdlovsk District, Komi, Krasnoyarsk dera ndi Kazakhstan.

Region ndi wachitatu yaikulu m'dera (1.4 sq. M. Km). anthu ake ndi anthu mamiliyoni 3.6. Akuluakulu a dera Tyumen lili mumzinda waukulu - Tyumen, omwe anakhala Russian mzinda woyamba Siberia mu 1586.

Lisanaperekedwe, dera anali anthu a Mansi, Khanty, Selkup, Nenets kapena Samoyeds, ndi mafuko Turkic inkayenda pa nthawi mu fuko la Siberia Chitata. Kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma XIV, gawo unali mbali ya Region Tyumen, kenako ndi Siberia Khanate. Mu 1582 amalonda Ural ndi Cossacks ganyu atagonjetsa madera awa, smashing ndi Khanate. Panopa mkulu chiwerengero - Russian.

Tsopano m'munda wa kukulitsa makampani magetsi, makampani mafuta, ndi mabuku amene tithe choyamba mu Russia. Imachitika nkhalango, matabwa katundu ndi oposa biliyoni kiyubiki mamita. Mu ulimi, kukonzedwa okha 3% ya dziko.

Nature ndi Geography

Chifukwa cha kukula kwake ndi dera ndi kuwonjezera pa dera Krasnoyarsk ndi Yakutia. Region ili mkati Titafika pamalo a akumpotowa chipululu, Titafika pamalo nkhalango, nayonso, nkhalango ndi nkhalango losanganikirana. Oposa 90% ya m'gawo amawaona kuti Far North.

zinthu zachilengedwe ndi nyengo ndi nkhanza pano. chisanu nthawi mu mfundo zosiyanasiyana m'dera ranges kuchokera masiku 140 200. Wapakati January kutentha ranges kuchokera - 16 - 26 ^C. Mu chilimwe, kutentha pafupifupi anali pa kuzungulira pafupifupi 19 madigiri.

The mtunda ndi zigwa makamaka mosabisa. Nayonso nkhalango kuphimba kwambiri m'derali. M'madera kum'mwera kwa dera moorland zomera ndi m'nkhalango steppe. Chikhalidwe cha dera Tyumen ali wolemera zosiyanasiyana, ngakhale zinthu monyanyira.

Dera lili oposa 70 zikwi mitsinje, za nyanja chomwecho. The utali wonse wa madzi - 10 makilomita. Mitsinje yaikulu ndi Irtysh, Tobol, Ishish. Iwo ili Madamu ndi magetsi. Kum'mwera kwa wamba mchere kumtunda nyanja m'chigawo chapakati ndi chakumpoto - chithaphwi ndi thermokarst.

The Red Book wa dera Tyumen

Full mndandanda wa nyama pangozi, pangozi ndi osowa, zomera ndi bowa kutchulidwa Red Book derali. Tyumen Region Administration analamula chilengedwe chake Mu 1999. Kusakasaka ndi kumasula reissues mabuku, makonsolo zifunika alionse zaka khumi ndi zisanu.

The Red Book wa dera Tyumen zikuphatikizapo 711 mitundu, mitundu yoposa 250 ya zomera ndi bowa ndi lichens. Amakhala ndi zisanu (kuphatikizapo ziro) siyana waukulu, malingana ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zamoyo. Choncho, gulu kachisanu (V) zikutanthauza mitundu amene chiwerengero yafupika ndipo sayenera kanthu zina ndi munthu.

Ndi Category IV mitundu ya nkhani kuphatikizapo anthu ayi, kapena zochepa. Gulu lachitatu zikuphatikizapo mitundu kawirikawiri ndi mukuchitika kapena kuderako, wachiwiri - kuchepetsa, woyamba - pangozi. Zero kakunena za mitundu mwina zinatha wa nyama ndi zomera, ndi zokhudza si oposa theka zaka.

nyama

Nyama ya Red Book wa dera Tyumen safotokoza mndandanda wina, ndipo anawagawa-siyana boma, malingana ndi mtundu wake, kalasi, kapena gulu. maadiresi nyanja kalulu (III gulu) mwa nyama - zisindikizo womuimira. Factor Kuchepetsa kufala ake, komanso nyama zina, ndi kuipitsa, poaching.

Kawirikawiri mitundu: European kalulu, mbewa yoyenda modumpha kwambiri, Korsak, kumalo ozizira chimbalangondo, mphalapala. chiwerengero cha Jungar hamster ndi kumpoto pikas zosiyana kwambiri ndi zimadalira nyengo - nthawi ya chilala, mvula, chisanu.

Poaching ndi kusowa ndalama chakudya, kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha walruses, narwhals kumpoto za mu II gulu. Pa zifukwa zomwezo, bowhead chinsomba, tikukhala mu Nyanja Kara, ndi zimene zatsala pang'ono kutha. Kutha kwa nkhope ndi pa mink European, amene mwachangu displaces American mink.

Nsomba, achule, arthropods

Red Book linati Tyumen dera mitundu 10 ya nsomba ndi cyclostomes, 7 achule ndi achule, oposa 100 arthropods. zimayambitsa Natural zagwira yekha ndi nambala ya bullhead, nsomba ndi ena cyclostomes (mumapezeka nsomba, woyera nsomba, Siberia Nsombazi ndi zina zotero. D.) Kodi kufa chifukwa cha zochita za anthu.

Pakati pa zokwawa komanso achule amaonedwa osowa legless buluzi Anguis fragilis, nawonso, komanso chule wamba. Yotsirizira amadziwika kuti ali ndi fungo zakuthwa adyo. Siberia salamander ndi zimachitikira ali osatetezeka, akufunikira mitundu chisamaliro, njoka yosalala ndi udzu chule mofulumira kuchepekela chiwerengero.

List of arthropods wa Red Book ndi wamkulu. Kawirikawiri mitundu ndi kum'mwera Russian tarantulas - akangaude yaikulu m'derali. Komanso mu gulu imeneyi ena dragonflies, cicadas phiri, kafadala, kuleza nyanga kafadala, weevils, mtundu wa ladybirds, ndiwo mawanga khumi. Busa wozungulira barbel imatengedwa pangozi.

mbalame

Mbalame za dera Tyumen, m'gulu pangozi, analipo 117 mitundu. Awa, 74 mitundu amafuna polojekiti zonse pa mbali ya munthu, chifukwa iwo ali osowa ndi osatetezeka. Mwa mtundu wa petrel otchedwa mopusa, bakha shelduck, Siberia ndi wamba eider, griffon muimba, krechanka, moorhen. mbalame zazimenezi zili mu zakumapeto m'buku lakuti.

Tsamba lofikira amapereka zambiri za lililonse limene pali 43. Nyama ndi Savka, njoka mphungu, cranes, Siberia Cranes. Mwa zina ndi kuchepekela chiwerengero cha mitundu kuoneka kadzidzi Dalmatian vuwo, flamingo, wamkulu wamawangamawanga mphungu, tsekwe Bewick a, osprey.

The chizolowezi kuchira anthu anati mu tsekwe wosalankhula ndi chiswankhono. mitundu zinatha amaonedwa bustard, wamng'ono kestrel, mwala curlew ndi bustard pang'ono.

zomera

Pamitundu yoposa mazana awiri zomera atakhazikitsa Red Book wa dera Tyumen. Zomera anawagawa angiosperms, Mumapezekanso, bryophytes ndi plaunoobraznye. Pakati angiosperms kawirikawiri ndi kuchepekela chiwerengero ndi mitundu ina ya anyezi (kuŵeramitsa, chabwino meshed), sedges (lotayirira, lamapiri, m'mphepete mwa nyanja), Rhynchospora alba. Russian Mwamsanga Iris, chithaphwi calamus.

Pakati Mumapezekanso zikawoneka ndi mkondo woboola pakati lanceolate moonwort mnogoryadnik. Mitundu otsala n'zochepa kapena kuchepetsedwa zedi pa chiwerengero. Mwachitsanzo, Alpine Woods, ndi ena colutea Dryopteris. Pakati Moss ndi Moss, napempha chidwi ndi Baranez, likopodiella, enkalipta, Meese.

Chinthu Kuchepetsa kwa zomera zambiri ndi migodi. Kabotolo ntchito m'migodi kuwonongedwa kwa malo awo achilengedwe. ATHABUSWA Mwachitsanzo, lopotana skrytokuchnitsa, Kosten wobiriwira, ili pa malo otsetsereka laimu.

Bowa ndi lichens

Chiwerengero cha bowa ndi lichens m'buku - za makumi atatu. Kuyambira bowa edible angatchedwe woyera Boletus awiri zina ukufika kapu yake 25 masentimita. Chimakula m'madera pamthunzi wa paini ndi Aspen nkhalango. Zachilendo kuyang'ana mutinus caninus ndi edible kokha pamene ili mu chipolopolo dzira.

Akuti osowa lacquered ndi imvi chikasu Polypore, anamva onniya, datroniya, abortipus Biennial, hericium coralloides. A osowa wofiirira cortinarius Komanso ankaona edible. Kuwonjezera pa dera Tyumen, izo zimapezeka Primorsky ndi Krasnoyarsk Magawo.

Pakati lichens zina ndi asahineya Scholander, omfalina Hudson, kutchulidwa Red Book of Russia. Chifukwa kutha kwawo wayamba chuma ndi alendo ntchito za munthu. Pakuti zikutha m'mapapo Lobar kuchepetsa chinthu ndi mpweya.

mabacteria Protection

Nkhokwe ndi nkhokwe ya m'dera Tyumen anakhazikitsa pofuna kuteteza zomera ndi nyama zamoyo, ndi kusunga wapatali malo achilengedwe. Waukulu masewera nkhokwe m'chigawo ali Kunyaksky, Vikulov ndi Tyumen.

Total malo awiri boma ndi 95 tanthauzo dera. Mu Ugra ndi Yamal m'dera ali anayi malo otetezedwa - ndi Upper Taz, Yugansky, "Malaya Sosva" Nature Reserve ndi Gyda.

Upper Taz Reserve ili m'mbali mwa mapiri mpaka mamita 50 kutalika. Pa gawo ambiri zigwa zake mtsinje ndi zigwembe kuti anakhala malo abwino kwa moyo wa nyama kawirikawiri ndi zomera. Ndi kunyumba kwa osowa Siberia salamander, buluzi, mamba, wolverine, mphalapala, kukula mkungudza, spruce, larch.