Peat - ndi chiyani ichi? M'zigawo, katundu ndi ntchito peat

Malinga ndi ziwerengero tentative asayansi, monga lero, peat nkhokwe padziko lathuli mu dongosolo la matani mazana asanu biliyoni. A chiwerengero kwambiri ndi anaikira mu kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi. Chifukwa cha ichi ndi wosavuta ndi ofanana kwa nyengo, ndicho - zizindikiro mvula pachaka ndi chinyezi. M'nkhaniyi tiona zimene peat, komanso mtundu, maonekedwe ndi ntchito.

lingaliro ambiri

Choyamba, tisaiwale kuti ali mmodzi wa mitundu ya mchere olimba, amene nthawi zambiri ntchito kupanga mafuta. Iwo aumbike mwa dera lowe, ndipo chifukwa cha kuchulukana Unyinji wa zinthu zosiyanasiyana organic kuti si kwathunthu linakwiriridwa. Monga ulamuliro, ndi makulidwe a miyala ya zigawo zake ndi osachepera masentimita makumi atatu. N'kosatheka kuona chakuti peat - ndi mchere, amene oposa theka imakhala mpweya. Kupatula izo, kapangidwe kumaphatikizapo calcium, potaziyamu, phosphorous, chitsulo, asafe ndi asidi humic, ndipo ulusi masamba. sayansi yamakono limatchula awiri akuluakulu a mtundu wake - ndi lowland peat Moss.

Madera a ntchito

Malasha anapeza ntchito mwachilungamo ambiri. Makamaka mu ulimi ntchito peat zogwirizana kubala fetereza chonde, m'tawuni msewu greening ndondomeko, mulching nthaka, ndi zina zotero. Mu mafakitale ziweto , nthawi zambiri amachita ngati zofunda ziweto. Komanso, ntchito nkhuni ndi kupanga asatayike.

Features Ofunika

Monga tanenera kale, ambiri zothandiza katundu wa peat kulola ntchito zake zosiyanasiyana zochita za anthu. Makamaka, malasha imapereka kusintha kwambiri chikhalidwe mpweya madzi a pansi, potero kuwonjezeka zokolola zawo ndipo chonde. Pa nthawi yomweyo tiyenera kukumbukira za nuance kuti patsogolo ntchito floriculture kapena horticulture ayenera kuchepetsa, potero adzathetsa zoipa ambiri zomera acid. Pamafunika avareji zaka zitatu. Komanso, nkhani amapereka mkulu nthaka chinyezi mphamvu zosakaniza osiyana opangidwa pa zifukwa zake.

Malasha kumathandiza kwambiri pa chikhalidwe. chakuti pali anapeza mankhwala a photosynthesis, mumlengalenga mpweya. Mwa zina, chinthu amachita monga ngati masoka fyuluta madzi, chifukwa katundu wa peat kulola tikuona kwa mamembala ake zosiyanasiyana zosafunika, monga ngakhale zitsulo. Izi ntchito yake zachilengedwe.

lowland peat

Woyamba wa malasha zatchulidwazi ali mlingo wochepa wa acidity. Pamafunikanso zosiyanasiyana zomanga thupi, kupanga izo ndi fetereza kwambiri. Ulimi wa mtundu uwu ali ambiri kupanga peat bogs, mtsinje zigwa anapanga kapena pafupi ndi phazi la otsetsereka a. katundu opindulitsa kugwirizana ndi machulukitsidwe zonse madzi chifukwa matupi ozungulira wa madzi ndi mpweya. Mafupa ndi bwino linakwiriridwa, srednerazlozhivshimsya kapena kwambiri lawola. Kuti mwina wotsiriza ankaona kuti njira yabwino yothetsera manyowa panthaka.

view kavalo

Peat - ndi mtundu umene aumbike mwa kuwonongeka udzu thonje, paini kapena sphagnum ndi zochita za mvula. Nthawi zambiri amachita monga mafuta kapena mbali constituent zipangizo zosiyanasiyana ntchito kutchinjiriza matenthedwe nyumba. Komanso, ntchito nthawi zambiri kuphimbira. Mbali khalidwe la mitundu ndi kupanda mu kapangidwe kake wa tizirombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mbewu udzu. Mogwirizana ndi malasha awa amapezeka greenhouses ndi greenhouses. Chirichonse chomwe icho chinali, tisaiwale kuti ndi osauka zakudya ndi mokwanira wowawasa. Ichi chizathandiza ntchito yake fetereza kwa mitundu ochepa zomera.

mapangidwe

Kupatula chakuti peat ichi, n'kosatheka kuona dongosolo la mapangidwe malasha lapansi. Vutolo limachitika chifukwa cha lifotabe zomera marshland kenako kuvunda mchikakamizo cha ulemerero kuchuluka kwa chinyezi zikhalidwe za kusowa oxygen. thunthu ali bulauni kapena lakuda mtundu ndi fibrous mu dongosolo. M'mikhalidwe achilengedwe, ndi pano mu chiwerengero chachikulu cha madzi.

magawo Ofunika

Peat gawo ndi ndende ya chikhalidwe chosiyana ndi mtundu wa zigawo chuma, limene lili pa dera. Kukachitika kuya kwake mu chikhalidwe undrained ukufika masentimita makumi asanu ndi awiri, amaona malo miyala. Tikumbukenso kuti peat - ndi zopangira, lomwe pa mapangidwe ake amapeza zili wapadera wa phosphorous, asafe, potaziyamu mchere. Komanso, madipoziti osiyana amasiyana zizindikiro monga humification, phulusa ndi kuchuluka chinyezi.

Lingaliro la humification zikutanthauza kuchuluka kwa mpweya ali zikuchokera peat ndi lachonde ndi zakudya kulemera kwake konse kumakhala. Ngati chithunzi ichi peresenti zosakwana 20, osachepera ndalama manyazi pamene kusungidwa mu osiyanasiyana kuchokera pa 20 ndi 35 - wamba, koma nthawi zina - mkulu.

Mu chinyezi wachibale wa peat ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi mu okwana misa kuchuluka, ndipo pansi Mtheradi - phindu chomwecho m'kukoma magalamu.

Okhutira phulusa ndi chizindikiro china chofunika kuti amadziwika ndi peat. Khalidwe limeneli limasonyeza kuchuluka chiŵerengero pakati zili zikuluzikulu mchere ndi kuchuluka kwa nkhani youma.

Kuwopsa ndi ngozi kugwirizana ndi peat

Chitukuko cha peat bogs kugona ngozi zina. Iwo makamaka zokhudzana ndi chakuti m'kati kuyanika akhoza inapita patsogolo kusankha kale odzipereka mpweya. Komanso, ambiri a ife tamva za moto. Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti paokha iwo sadzakhala konse uka, chifukwa ndi chifukwa cha zochita za anthu, umalimbana kukhetsa wa peatlands ndi mineralization.