Mlamba kumveka: makhalidwe ndi gulu

Choncho, wamba (European, Mtsinje) - waukulu madzi oyera nsomba zopanda mamba. mdani uyu kuti amakhala ku mitsinje ndi nyanja, ndi dziko lalikulu madzi oyera nsomba zokhala ndi kukula ndi beluga a. Komabe, ndi nsomba zosamukasamuka wolowera mitsinje kwa spawning.

Gawo:

• Maphunziro - Pisces (Pisces).
• Banja - Siluroidea (KGS).
• Detachment - Siluriformes (Somoobraznye).
• View - Esox lucius banda (mlamba).
• Ndodo - Siluridae (Wamba mlamba).

inafikira

Mlamba wamba mu nyanja ndi mitsinje ya Europe, kupatula Italy, Norway, Scotland, Spain ndi England. Mamembala a mitundu zimapezeka kum'mwera kwa Sweden ndi Finland. Dera kum'mwera kwa mlamba womangika madzi m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Aegean ndi Black Sea ku Asia zimasokoneza Aral Sea. Mlamba wamba, zithunzi zomwe mungathe onani pansipa, amakhala ku mitsinje mu Baltic, Caspian ndi Black Sea.

European mlamba - amangokhala nsomba. Pafupifupi onse moyo wake umakhala mu dzenje lomwelo, kawirikawiri atawasiyira kukafunafuna chakudya. Only pa spawning nyengo ya masika, mlamba panyumba yake ndipo limayenda kumtunda, kulowa nyanja floodplain ndi floodplains kwa spawning.

Mlamba wamba mwamtheradi sangakhoze kuima madzi a matope. Chifukwa chotero nsomba ili m'kamwa mwa makhwawa pa chigumula - pofunafuna madzi oyera. Pachifukwa chomwechi, chigumula, nthawi zambiri wakonda kukhala mu nyanja floodplain kapena mu mtsinje floodplain.

Mlamba wamba: kapangidwe

nsomba amakhala ndi deta zachilendo zakunja. N'zokayikitsa kuti aliyense adzaitana iye wokongola kwambiri mwa anthu m'madzi. Ikulu mutu kulemera ndi ¼ kulemera okwana nsomba, pakamwa lalikulu accommodates lakuthwa koma yaing'ono mano ambiri, maso yakusatetezeka waung'ono kufupi ndi kumbuyo kwa mutu. A peyala ya masharubu m'malo yaitali pa milomo chapamwamba ndi chibwano - awiriawiri awiri a barbels yaing'ono. Apa pali chimene ndi mlamba wamba. Maonekedwe mu mdani uyu si wokongola kwambiri.

Thupi kutsogolo kwa wozungulira kwambiri kuti wothinikizidwa kumbuyoko ndi laterally. Ndi bwino mu mchira chipsyepsye. The dorsal chipsyepsye yochepa, kufupi ndithu kumutu. Kumatako, yaitali mchira chipsyepsye olumikizidwa kwa. Koyamba, zikuwoneka ngati chachikulu mutu nsomba bwino mu mchira.

mtundu

Mlamba wamba, Kuwulura chimene amapezeka mabuku anglers, ndi mtundu ndi m'malo wodzichepetsa: wakuda kumbuyo, woyera mimba ndi kum'chitira chikasu. Mamba thupi palibe kwathunthu. Iwo kuli yokutidwa ndi ntchofu, amene amateteza khungu ku majeremusi mlamba.

Ukulu wa mlamba

Kumayambiriro kwa nkhani ino ife otchulidwa kuti mlamba wamba - nsomba zazikulu, koma ambiri owerenga ndi simukuzindikira zingati. Nthawi zambiri, thupi kutalika mamita inayi, ndi kulemera - makilogalamu zana ndi makumi asanu ndi atatu. Ndipo ichi si malire. Pali nthawi ya yokulirapo. Soma kukula mofulumira mu zaka zisanu kapena zisanu ndi chimodzi. Pang'onopang'ono, kukula kubweza pansi, ndi zaka zisanu ndi zitatu mu nsomba yolemera seventini pogwiritsa.

Zolembedwa ndi kulemera pazipita, n'zochepa kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, wakhala atathana zimphona mamita oposa atatu m'litali ndi masekeli makilogalamu 220. Mu 1856, pa Dnieper anakwatulidwa mlamba wamba masekeli 400 makilogalamu ndi kutalika mamita pafupifupi zisanu.

Panopa nthawi pafupipafupi wa salinso kuposa mamita 1.6. Pakuti anglers ano chimwemwe chachikulu ndi kupambana kwakukulu imatengedwa mwayi kugwira nsomba m'litali ndi mamita theka ndi masekeli pogwiritsa zoposa makumi awiri. Kulemera pazipita mitundu olembedwa nthawi yathu - kutalika mamita 2,78 ndi akulemera makilogalamu 144.

njira ya moyo

Mlamba wamba - amadziwika homebody: zilibe amasamukira ku malo ake mwachizolowezi. Womutsatira, monga ulamuliro, ndi spawning ndi kudyetsa malo. nsomba amakonda moyo yayekha ku masukulu lalikulu akupita mu kuzizira. Iwo anayikidwa mu maenje kwambiri ndi kusiya kudyetsa mpaka masika.

Mlamba wamba - chilombo lalikulu ndi lochititsa demersal moyo. omasuka kwambiri amamvera mbali ya chete posungira. Afunika dzenje, chikuni choyandama, mapanga.

Kusaka mlamba wamba abisalire. Popeza zobisika malo a phe, iye kuthamangira ndi agwire nyama zawo. M'madzi osaya, kumene inu mukhoza kuwona patsogolo nsomba wamng'ono, kawirikawiri amapha nkhosa soms. Iwo munzere ndi apano pakamwa, momasuka ndi kumeza ziweto za nsomba zina zing'onozing'ono. Choncho, masana wamba kuti apumule mu dzenje kapena phanga, ndipo kusaka kokha usiku kapena madzulo dzuwa litalowa. Nsembe amuthandize kupeza masharubu wake ndi khungu tcheru.

Mu October-November mlamba mabasi kudya ndi kugona mu maenje pamaso pa zina mwa nsomba, pamene iye kuika mutu wake mu matope. Kuyambira pa nthawi ino mlamba musati angabweretse choopsa chilichonse anthu ena m'madzi, ali mu dzenje lomwelo kwa dzinja woyenera nsomba zina zikuluzikulu, nthawi zambiri carp.

chakudya

Monga mlamba wamba - chilombo, ndi zachilendo kuti maziko a zakudya wake ndi nsomba, ndi zamitundu yonse ndi zoimira. anthu Large yolemera makilogalamu oposa 30, - Pali ndithu wolemera ndi imene inali yovuta kunyamula. Kawirikawiri kukakwera wamng'ono nsomba, lomwe limachokera m'kamwa ndi madzi. nthawizina iwo, kubisala mu ngodya kwaokha, kuti akope chachikulu nsomba zambiri masharubu tofanana mphutsi m'madzi.

toyesa Large agwire zonse zamoyo kuti kusambira m'madzi: mbalame madzi ndi anapiye awo, nyama zing'onozing'ono.

Komanso, mlamba amagwiritsidwa kudyetsedwa:

• khansa;
• misundu;
• Mtsinje ngale;
• Nightcrawlers;
• achule.

kubalana

Monga ambiri nsomba zolusa, mlamba wamba limakula mwamsanga ndipo okhwima pogonana m'chaka chachinayi cha moyo. Luso kubereka yambiri KGS kumachitika pamene nsomba kufika kukula za masentimita 60 ndi kulemera kwa makilogalamu 3. magawo Awa ndi khalidwe la mlamba asanu. Malinga ndi dera limene akukhala ndi mlamba wamba, kubalana (spawning) zingatenge malo m'chilimwe kapena masika.

Pakuti ndondomeko zimenezi zimafuna madzi kutentha +17 ... + 20 ° C. M'mikhalidwe yabwino, European akazi mlamba kuikira mazira magawo awiri - mpaka mazira 30 chikwi. Ikakhala yolemera ndi ikuluikulu wamkazi, mazira kwambiri mkaziyo akugona. Makulidwe mazira - palibe millimeters oposa atatu.

Akukonzekera zimaswana wamkazi zikukhazikitsa pansi pa nyanja kapena mtsinje Jack. Monga ulamuliro, ndi osaya anamaliza dzenje, yokutidwa ndi zomera madzi. Malowa ali pamtunda m'madzi osaya, osachepera makumi masentimita kuchokera pamwamba.
Caviar lalikulu ndi yomata, kotero yomweyo glued malinga ndi pansi pa chisa.

mazira kukhala mwamsanga - masiku 3-10. Mphutsi pa mazira amapangidwa pachiyambi. Ndiye odzipereka yolk sac, ndi kuwala limapezeka mwachangu, osati mamilimita oposa 15 m'litali. nthawi ino onse aamuna akulondali chisa. kukula Young zikuchulukirachulukira mofulumira, makamaka mitsinje kum'mwera. M'chaka choyamba cha moyo, mwachangu kukula kwa masentimita 40 ndipo ayamba 500 magalamu. Komabe, pali amaposa wa imfa ya anthu ena ali wamng'ono. Mpaka chaka okhala 5% ya nyama za mtundu wa mlamba.

Moyo pambuyo spawning

Pambuyo kuswana mlamba kumbuyo mu malo awo - mabowo kwambiri. Kuchitiridwa mozama dzenje, m'pamenenso m'misasa ndi snags, ikuluikulu ndi waukulu kwambiri kukhala mu soma ake. Pankhaniyi, kukhala chete ndi kupezeka kwa m'misasa m'madera a nsomba malo n'kofunika kwambiri kuposa kuya kwa posungira. toyesa Young, masekeli makilogalamu zosakwana 15, kusambira pa akuya mamita atatu, amangoona pa madamu, pansi mabanki chinsalucho itsike mpaka m'munsi kapena podmytuyu pansi pa mizu ya mitengo.

Mlamba wamba moyo amayembekezeka

nsomba ili azaka zoposa lapansi. Akatswiri a sayansi amanena iwo zimatha kukhala zaka makumi asanu. Koma zimenezi kucha ukalamba anayimangako, aliyense mlamba wamba. Kodi nsomba moyo kuthengo? Moyo amayembekezeka ndi (m'mikhalidwe yabwino) zaka sate kapena sate-faifi.

kugwira mlamba

Iyi ndi ndondomeko yapadera kwa ogwira anglers ndi Amateurs ofanana. Nthawi yabwino nsomba izi ndi chilimwe. kuluma wabwino zimachitika mu nyengo bata ofunda dzuwa litalowa ndi dzuwa lisanatuluke. Soma kudyetsedwa zonse, koma osati ndi dyera chomwecho. M'bandakucha, dzuwa lisanatuluke ndi usiku mlamba ndi kuluma mwachilungamo yogwira. Ndipo ngati drizzles mvula pang'ono, usodzi zotheka tsiku lonse.

Chintchito yopindulitsa kwambiri kutaya pamwamba m'dzenje, ndi njira ya usiku kusaka mlamba. Kawirikawiri ndi njira yomweyo. Malo abwino ndi masikono, amene makamaka wolemera mu nyambo moyo pa iwo, zimenezi nsomba wina osati yaitali umoyo. Kwambiri nozzle, malinga ndi asodzi, ndi njoka yam'madzi, mlamba, koma nthawi zina akuswa, chifukwa nsomba ndi kuziluka pa milomo yake.

Kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nyambo chinsomba, ngakhale si wolungamitsidwa kwathunthu. Zinyalala nsomba ndi nkhuku, misundu, soseji nkhuku chipika nyama mlamba safuna. Koma fungo la moto tsitsi kapena nthenga nsomba ndi wokongola kwambiri. Nyambo mungagwiritse ntchito nsomba zazinkhanira pamene iwo molt, pamene chipolopolo ndi zofewa kwambiri.

Mwina ambiri ankakonda azichitira mlamba ndi chule. Pamenepo zokonda zake chifukwa chidwi njira nsomba - klochene. Pakuti mlamba ntchito Bulu, akuponyera nyambo mu malo ankaimbidwa wa kudya nsomba.

Ndodo ayenera akhale atamangidwa ku mtengo anathamangitsidwa mu nthaka kapena nthambi amphamvu monga nthawi kuluma chetyrehkilogrammovyh ngakhale lakuthwa kwambiri ndi masekondi ndodo amachotsa. anglers odziwa amati kuluma akhoza kukhala wamphamvu kwambiri moti ndodo (mayeso 190 g) 1.9 mita yaitali, ngati kasupe, ntchentche mu mlengalenga ndi monofilament zatsopano (0,3) panthawi yomweyo ong'ambika.

kufunika zachuma

Mlamba usodzi lingaliro lofala. Mtengo wake chagona pa mtima ndi mafuta nyama: kuchokera ku kusambira chikhodzodzo nsomba kupeza zomatira kwambiri, koma kalelo anatsuka khungu mlamba ntchito ngati "kapu" mawindo. Mu mmasate ya atumwi otsiriza limagwira madzi ena anafika matani mamiliyoni 4.2, koma lero iwo anatsika kwambiri.

udindo kutetezedwa

Mwatsoka, chifukwa nsomba kusalankhula, kuphatikizapo poaching, pafupifupi dziko lonse lapansi chiwerengero cha mlamba wamba utachepa. Mu malo ambiri, kumene ankakhala lalikulu zedi, mlamba anakhala osowa alendo. Pa nkhani imeneyi, m'madera ambiri kutetezedwa. Pa m'mbali mwa mlamba osiyanasiyana makamaka Mwachitsanzo, mu Republic of Karelia mu 1995 kutchulidwa Red Book mitundu pangozi osowa.