Otchulidwa - ndi chiyani ichi? Chichaina, ndi Chijapani m'nkhaniyi ndi tanthauzo lake

Ena machitidwe kulemba ndi chizindikiro chapadera pa zomwe zachokera, khalidwe. M'zinenero zina, angaimire syllable kapena kulira, mu zina - mawu, mfundo ndi morpheme. otchedwa "ideogram" ndi ambiri mu Zikatero.

Mu chithunzi chili m'munsichi chikusonyeza hieroglyphs wakale.

History of Khalidwe

Kumasulira kwa dzina Greek za "khalidwe" amatanthauza "malembo opatulika." Ziwerengero kwa nthawi yoyamba dongosolo anaonekera ku Iguputo nthawi yathu ino. Choyamba, makhalidwe ndi anatchulidwa makalata, ndiye, anali ideograms, ndipo kenako panali zizindikiro zimene anasonyeza mwa mawu ndi syllables. Mu chidwi nkhani n'chakuti yekha zilembo anali ankafotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi. Dzina amachokera Chigiriki chifukwa anali woyamba kuwaona pa miyala makalata wamba. Tikayang'ana mbiri ya Aigupto ndi ena nthano otchulidwa anali anausankha mulungu Thoth. Anawasandutsa pofuna mu kulemba ena a chidziwitso wabweza Atlanta.

Choona chidwi n'chakuti pali kale athanzi ku Egypt kulemba chizindikiro. Zonse zimene asayansi ndi boma, koma zimatithandiza izo. Kwa nthawi yaitali anthu ndiponso tanthauzo sanali bwino kwa anthu European. Only mu 1822 Shapolon amatha kwathunthu kufufuza zizindikiro Aigupto pa za Rosetta Stone , ndi kupeza decryption awo.

Mu 50 ntchentche za m'ma XIX, ena ojambula zithunzi ntchito mu kalembedwe expressionism ndi tashizma anali kwambiri mokhudza za East. Izi amalenga panopa, amagwirizana ndi Zilembozo zinkasonyeza Asian ndi dongosolo chizindikiro. Kuwonjezera ku Egypt, anali ofanana otchulidwa Chichaina, ndi Chijapani.

kakale luso

Chifukwa cha burashi (zinthu yovomerezeka kulemba zizindikiro), n'zotheka azikongoletsa m'nkhaniyi ndi kuwapatsa kwambiri kaso kapena ofunda mawonekedwe. Malo a luso la kulemba wokongola wotchedwa Zilembozo zinkasonyeza. Sizachilendo ku Japan, Malaysia, South ndi North Korea, China, Vietnam. Anthu a m'mayiko amenewa ndi luso chachikulu kwambiri "nyimbo maso." Pa nthawi yomweyo zambiri makamu zisudzo ndi mpikisano wodzipereka kwa kulemba mwaluso.

Otchulidwa - uwu si yekha kulemba dongosolo la mayiko ena, komanso njira yosonyezera okha.

ideographic script

Ideographic kulemba dongosolo panopa anagawira okha China. Poyamba, zinaoneka kukhala kosavuta kulemba, kupanga izo molondola kwambiri. Koma mu ndondomeko ndinaona drawback chimodzi: chotero kulemba dongosolo sanali chikugwirizana. Chifukwa cha ichi, pang'onopang'ono anayamba kuchoka ku moyo watsiku ndi tsiku wa anthu. Tsopano ideographic script amadziwika ndi zilembo Chinese. Ndipo kufunika mofanana wakale. Kusiyana kokha lagona mu kulemba mode.

kulemba Chinese

kulemba Chinese ndi kulemba zilembo osonyeza syllables munthu ndi mawu, monga momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa. Inakhalapo mu BC II atumwi. Panopa, pali zoposa zikwi 50. Zizindikiro Komabe, ntchito 5 zikwi. Kale, script iyi ankagwiritsa ntchito osati China komanso ku Japan, Korea, Vietnam, akusintha mphamvu zambiri pa mapangidwe chikhalidwe chawo. otchulidwa Chinese kupanga maziko a kachitidwe mitundu zizindikiro. Ndipo mpaka pano, iwo ankagwiritsa ntchito.

Magwero a zilembo Chinese

Kukula kwa kulemba Chinese sikuti zimaonekera mtundu wonse, komanso kunathandiza yaikulu zojambulajambula. M'zaka za m'ma XVI BC anapanga m'nkhaniyi. Ngakhale anthu olembedwa pa mafupa ndi zipolopolo fulu. Chifukwa cha zofukulidwa wa amafufuza zamakezana ndi mafupawa bwino anasunga, asayansi kunakhala kosavuta kuti kunja kalata wakale. kuposa 3 zikwi. zizindikiro anapezeka, koma palibe ndemanga anapatsidwa okha 1 zikwi. Mawonekedwe yamakono ya script iyi anapeza pambuyo mapangidwe wathunthu wa kulankhula. otchulidwa Chinese - izo ideography, kutanthauza mawu kapena syllable.

kulemba Japanese

dongosolo Japanese kulemba zochokera otchulidwa syllabic ndi pachokhapachokha. 2 zikwi. Ofotokozedwa anali anaitenga ku anthu Chinese kugwiritsa ntchito mbali zina za mawu amene sasintha. Ena olembedwa ntchito kana (syllabary). Iwo agawidwa yachiwiriyo: katakana ndi hiragana. Woyamba ntchito mawu amene anabwera kuchokera ku zinenero zina, ndipo chachiwiri - chinthu Japanese. Njira imeneyi linaoneka kukhala loyenera kwambiri.

Monga ulamuliro, mawonekedwe Japanese pa kalata kuwerenga kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanja, mu nkhani ya kulemba yopingasa. Nthawi zina pali malangizo kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi ndi kumanja kupita kumanzere.

Magwero a zilembo Japanese

The Japanese kulemba dongosolo kusanduka cha zolakwa kuzengedwa mlandu, ndi zosabvuta. Anthu zinali zovuta ntchito mu zolemba okha Chinese. Tsopano mapangidwe chinenero - Nsanja ya mtsutso zonse. Akatswiri ena amanena kuti nthawi ya kulanda zilumba Japanese, ndi ena - kwa nyengo ya Yayoi. Pambuyo kumayambiriro kulankhula mtundu Chinese zolembedwa chinenero lasintha kwambiri.

Mu 90 ntchentche za m'ma XIX, boma ndikusinthidwa zilembo zonse, chomwe chili pawiri, mitundu yambiri ya kulemba, ndipo analoledwa ntchito ndalama 1,800 okha, pamene anali ambiri. Tsopano chifukwa chikoka cha American ndi zina chikhalidwe Western changotsala pang'ono zinatheratu kulankhula boma amakhala slang kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kusiyana pakati m'zilembo za zachepako.

Zikamera wa machitidwe kulemba Japan

Pamene boma Japanese adaganiza zolenga dongosolo zinenero, mawonekedwe choyamba (iyi ndi njira yake yaikulu) unatengedwa kuchokera kulemba Chinese. Chionetserochi chinali chifukwa chakuti kalelo pa zilumba Japanese zambiri amakhala ndi Chinese amene anabweretsa zinthu zosiyana, zinthu ndi mabuku. Sizikudziwika kuti pa nthawi kukhala lanu otchulidwa mwini Japanese. Mwatsoka, pa nthawiyi pafupifupi sanakhale ndi moyo.

Chitukuko cha Chibuda m'dziko kwambiri zimaonekera olembedwawo. chipembedzo izi anadza kupyolera Korea ofesi ya kazembe, amene anafika ku dziko ndi wabweretsa zosiyanasiyana ziboliboli ndi Buddha malemba. Nthawi yoyamba pambuyo kukhazikitsa utumiki wa kulemba Chinese mu moyo Japan, anthu kulemba mawu achilendo. Komabe, pambuyo zaka zingapo kudzakhala kusapeza, ngati chiyankhulo cha mtunduwo wokha unali yosiyana ndi chosavuta. Mavuto zinalengedwa mwa kulemba mayina, kumene otchulidwa Chinese ntchito. Iwo kalekale nkhawa Japanese. vuto ndi ili: m'chilankhulo Chinese kulibe monga mawu ndi phokoso, amene anali alembedwa chikalatacho.

The lingaliro unagawanika mawu wapadera Japanese mu magawo angapo kuti zomveka, zoipa kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, kuwerenga zolondola anali kuiwala. Ngati inu sanasokonezedwe ndi ganizo kuti deta ya mawu ayenera allocated wowerenga kumvetsa kuti akukumana ndi mawu, tanthauzo la sipangakhalenso ananyalanyaza. Vutoli wakhalapo kwa nthawi yaitali, ndipo kunali koyenera kuti athetse, popanda wakulekana ndi kulemba Chinese.

Asayansi ena kenako anayamba kuyambitsa zizindikiro yapadera imene anthu amatha kuwerenga malemba olembedwa mu Chinese mu Japanese. Zilembozo zinkasonyeza anatanthauza kuti khalidwe aliyense ayenera anaikidwa lalikulu wabwino, kuti kuti asaswe malire a kalata lonse. The Japanese anaganiza muchigawane mu magawo angapo, omwe n'chofunikira zinchito. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, mawonekedwe (Chinese) komanso kufunika kwake kwa Japan anasamukira pang'onopang'ono ku anaiwalika.

Kukai - munthu amene (malinga ndi nthano) analenga hiragana (zilembo Japanese choyamba). Chifukwa chitukuko m'munda wa zilembo zinalengedwa njira yapadera kulemba, zochokera phonetics. pang'ono Patatha, pochepetsa mitundu katakana otchulidwa anaonekera, amene mwamphamvu adalowa ntchito.

Japan kale anabwereka pa nthawi analamula kulemba China chifukwa cha moyandikana awo m'mayiko ambiri. Koma kukhala ndi kusintha okha zizindikiro wodziwika bwino, anthu anayamba kuyambitsa woyamba otchulidwa Japanese. The Japanese sakanatha Chinese script mu maonekedwe ake apachiyambi, ngati kokha chifukwa palibe inflections. Mu chinenero ichi, chitukuko sanasiye. Mtunduwo anakumana ndi machitidwe ena (zochokera otchulidwa Chinese), ndi potenga kulemba zinthu zawo anachita chinenero chawo wapadera kwambiri.

Kulankhulana ndi zilembo Chirasha

Tsopano wotchuka kwambiri zizindikiro mu mawonekedwe a zilembo Japanese ndi Chinese. Choncho n'kofunika kudziwa tanthauzo la hieroglyphs pa Russian, pamaso kubisa iwo mu thupi langa. Ndi bwino ntchito amene ndikutanthauza "umoyo", "chisangalalo," "chikondi" ndi zina zotero. Pamaso pa ulendo chithunzicho mphini ndi bwino onani tanthauzo magwero angapo.

M'maiko Chirasha monga parody ya zilembo otchuka Asian. otchulidwa Russian kulibeko mwalamulo, koma amaoneka okha pa masamba a ochezera. Iwo chifukwa ndingaliro yaikulu pa Intaneti. Ambiri, zizindikiro izi Musatenge pyakufunika ndi unalipo zosangalatsa. Komanso anatulukira masewera, ozikidwa pa mfundo yakuti kupeka chimene mawu ndi encrypted ena m'nkhaniyi.