Maselo a mafangasi kuti sangathe wapezeka? Features ya kapangidwe ka khalidwe bowa selo

Bowa kwathunthu zamoyo wapadera, amene chalakwika kukuchitika chifukwa dongosolo awo ma. Kapangidwe ndi makhalidwe a moyo wa mayunitsi awo zinchito, ndipo adzakhala wodzipereka kwa nkhani ino.

Features bowa

Bowa kuphatikiza makhalidwe a oimira maufumu angapo a chilengedwe. Pa dzanja limodzi, iwo adzalandira mbali ya zomera:

1. Iwo Ufumuyo njira ya moyo ndi kukula, amene kukupitirirabe nthawi ya kukhalapo.
2. maselo Fungal ali vacuole lalikulu. organelle Izi wodzazidwa ndi madzi ndi mchere kusungunuka.
3. Komanso, ngati zomera, bowa ndi selo khoma chikukhudza zimam'patsa mapadi. mankhwala amawapatsa mphamvu zazikulu ndi chinthu chimodzimodzi.
4. Mitundu ya bowa kubalana ngati chomera ofanana - ambiri a iwo amatha sporulation ndi vegetative zikutanthauza.

Komabe, zinthu izi khalidwe la chizindikiro chofunika kwambiri nyama. Njira heterotrophic kudya. Maselo a mafangasi sangathe wapezeka chloroplasts. Koma izi plastids wobiriwira ndi udindo luso zamoyo kwa dzuwa.

Zochita za maselo a mafangasi

Bowa akhoza kukhala osakwatira ndiponso multicellular. Chitsanzo cha gulu loyamba ndi Mucor. mycelium ake (mycelium) - ndi mmodzi wamkulu yaikulu khungu lomwe lili mitima angapo. Ndithudi, Mucor anaonerera aliyense chikwangwani woyera mkate stale ndipo anaona kuti darkens pa nthawi. Ichi ndi chizindikiro kuonetsetsa kuti maselo kale anapanga kuimba imene asexual kubalana amapezeka Mucor.

mbali chidwi ya kapangidwe ka maselo bowa, wotchedwa yisiti n'kumugawa m'magulumagulu. Iwo alibe kupanga mycelium pano. Yisiti - unicellular tosaoneka bowa. Mbali awo khalidwe - kubereka ndi budding.

The ya maselo chimapanga bowa hyphae. ulusi ichi, wopangidwa mwa mycelium ndi fruiting matupi. Bowa mulibe zimakhala weniweni. Yosonkhanitsa hyphae otchedwa psevdoparenhimoy chifukwa maselo ake sali apadera. ntchito yawo yaikulu ndi mayamwidwe wa madzi gawo lapansi ndi.

Hyphae blewits multicellular. Ali mbali chidwi. The partitions, yomwe ili pakati pa maselo awo ndi mabowo. Kudzera mwa iwo, ndi cytoplasm ndi organelles amatha kuyenda mu gifam onse.

Chipolopolo maselo mafangasi

Zachiphamaso mafangasi wagawo selo lili nembanemba ndi khoma. Kapangidwe loyamba dongosolo lililonse ndipo imakhala maofesi mapuloteni-zamadzimadzi. Mpanda foni ya bowa yodziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa yambiri ma polima shuga. Njirazi ndi monga:

• chitin;
• mapadi;
• glucans.

The oyamba chimaposa. mankhwala ndi gawo la kunja arthropods mafupa. Chitin imalongosola mbali structural monga mafangasi inertia selo, chinthu chimodzimodzi ndiponso mphamvu.

Ndi chikhalidwe chawo mankhwala ndi asafe munali polysaccharide ndi dongosolo nthambi. Selo mpanda wa bowa mulinso mapadi, glucans, galactose ndi glycoproteins.

nyumba okhazikika selo

Cell organelles bowa zikusonyeza kuti eukaryotes. nthanoyi mkati ankaimira cytoplasm, ndilo maziko theka-olimba ndi mayikidwe a nyumba zosiyanasiyana.

Maselo a mafangasi simungathe kudziwa centrioles, organelles plastids ndi kayendedwe. Udindo chapakati ndi wotanganidwa ndi phata, kumene uthengawu ku maselo awasungira. Nchito ya kaphatikizidwe, yosungirako ndi zoyendera zinthu zosiyanasiyana organic ikuchitika peroxisome, Golgi zida ndi endoplasmic reticulum. Masitolo thunthu ndi vacuole, mmene anachedwa zovuta zimam'patsa glycogen.

Mphamvu udindo wa mitochondria, amene anapanga pa nembanemba wa ATP mamolekyulu. Minofu ndi mafupa dongosolo mafangasi maselo imagwiritsidwa cytoskeleton. Mu ndondomeko ya "msonkhano" wa zedi naonsO angapezekeko ribosomes, amene oyenerera padziko lapansi EPS granular. Ndipo mu pogawanikana pamawere zinthu zosiyanasiyana kutenga vesicles munali michere hydrolytic nawo. Iwo akutchedwa lysosomes.

Kapangidwe ka mtundu uliwonse wa organelle ndi yogwirizana ntchito, zotsatira chokhala ndi amene amasankha ntchito yolongosoka a dongosolo zovuta ma.

njira mphamvu

Maselo a mafangasi sangathe wapezeka plastids. Izi ndi zoona makamaka chloroplasts, pamaso pa zomwe alinga mmene zamoyo chakudya. Makamaka maselo mafangasi pa choona kuti iwo zimawononga yekha mankhwala wokonzeka ndipo amalephera lithe zawo. Zimene kudya amatchedwa heterotrophic.

N'chifukwa chake amatha kuumba kuthetsa chakudya. zolengeza awo Tingaone mkate, ndiwo zamasamba ndi zipatso. Pakati pa bowa ambiri ndi mitundu parasitic. Phytophthora, Polypore, cinoni kuthetsa zomera ndi kudyetsa chifukwa chuma chawo.

Thupi blewits anapereka mycelium multicellular ili pamtunda. Amakhala ndi ulusi munthu wotchedwa hyphae. Pansi mycelium mitundu fruiting matupi, zomwe ife kulitcha kuti bowa ndi. Hyphae kuyamwa madzi ndi michere nthaka, kumachita monga mizu ya zomera.

mtundu wa kuswana

Makamaka mafangasi maselo kudziwa mtundu wa kubalana. Choncho, yisiti mwachangu impso. maselo awo motero kupanga protrusion womera amapeza mbali khalidwe la kapangidwe ndi lamamatira. ndondomeko izi bwino kwambiri zinthu zabwino. Ndiyamika yisiti uyu akhala chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mkate ndi vinyo.

mitundu ya bowa kupanga maselo a asexual kubalana - mikangano. Njira imeneyi imagwira ogwira aponso. Mwachitsanzo, m'munsi wosanjikiza kapu wamba Podberezovik akhoza okhwima mamiliyoni spores. Ang'onoang'ono ndi opepuka selo mosavuta amafalitsa mphepo, madzi, tizilombo ndi anthu.

Ndi bowa hyphal zimafalitsidwa vegetatively. M'pofunika kupatukana mbali ya mycelium ndi kuziyika izo mu chilengedwe yabwino, onse patapita kanthawi izo chidzakula kachiwiri ndi mawonekedwe fruiting matupi.

The ndondomeko kugonana kumachitika mu bowa ntchito monga mkangano ndi gametes, amene anapanga mu mabungwe apadera, merging awiriawiri.

zoyenda

maselo mafangasi zambiri akadali. Tizilombo timeneti amagwira njira ya moyo umene umabweretsa kuyandikira kwa zomera. Malo malo amodzi wa bowa chifukwa kudalira awo pa gawo lapansi, amene ali kwa iwo gwero singasiyanitsidwe ndi zakudya. Zosiyana ndi mafangasi spores m'munsi. Iwo organelles za kayendedwe - michirayo imakhala yosiyanasiyana amene amalola kuthetsa kutalika lalikulu la makilomita zikwi zingapo.

kukula

Ngati zomera, zamoyo izi kukula mu kukula mu moyo. Koma bwanji, ndiye, moyo bowa? Osati nthawi yaitali. Mwachitsanzo, amanita, ife tasonkhana mu nkhalango, umalandira kukula kwake pazipita mu masabata awiri. Komanso, ndondomeko za kukula mofulumira anati mu masiku asanu chitukuko.

Choyamba oyima kuwonjezeka mwendo, ndiyeno masiku angapo, "amakumana" chipewa. Kukula kwambiri wa bowa ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri. Izi okwanira kuchuluka kwa chinyezi, kutentha, pamaso pa oxygen. Palibe zodabwitsa iwo amanena, "kodi otumphukira ngati bowa pambuyo mvula."

A zosiyanasiyana bowa

Bowa ali m'magulu malinga ndi muyezo zosiyanasiyana. Malinga ndi kapangidwe ndi mycelium kusiyanitsa magulu awiri: m'munsi ndi apamwamba. Zoyambazo ACELLULAR mycelium, amene ali wopanda zotchinga. A gulu la pamwamba ochuluka kuposa.

The peculiarities wa bungwe ndi pileate bowa ndi nkhungu, ndi wotsiriza wa iwo - ndi wosakwatiwa ndipo multicellular. M'kagulu zamoyo izi ndi mtundu chakudya. Majeremusi moyo kumbali zinthu zina zamoyo, nthawi zambiri kuwachititsa matenda aakulu. A bowa saprotrophic, womwenso ambiri, alibe vuto. Iwo kuwola ndinso organic kanthu zotsalira za zinthu zamoyo, zomwe ndi mbali yofunika ya topezeka iliyonse.

Choncho bowa selo Chili mbali ya zomera ndi nyama. Chifukwa cha ichi, iwo apanga osiyana mayunitsi mwadongosolo. Maselo a mafangasi sangathe wapezeka chloroplasts. Choncho, amatha kudya zinthu organic yekha wokonzeka - heterotrophically. Animal chizindikiro maselo mafangasi ndi kusungiramo glycogen polysaccharide ndi kukhalapo kwa chitin. Pali zinthu zingapo zochititsa mbewu anatomical. Zikuphatikizapo pamaso pa khoma selo ndi vacuoles.