PD 14 - engine. Turbofan injini: zatsopano

Posachedwapa, monga mbali ya IL-76LL zasayansi kuyezetsa anayamba, pamene anayesedwa PD 14 - injini, amene amati ndi chofunika mu zaka makumi atatu zoweta ndege boma. Chifukwa chiyani? Pali zifukwa zambiri.

lingaliro

PD 14 - wachisanu m'badwo injini mwa injini turbojet. Ndi kapangidwe zovuta kumene akuyendera njira nzeru zomangamanga. Pezani osachepera chopangira mphamvu tsamba onsewo pa pafupipafupi kusintha zikwi khumi ndi ziwiri pa mphindi. Pa nthawi yomweyo iwo ukuchita centrifugal mphamvu matani khumi. masamba amenewa chopangira mphamvu ndi kuti makumi asanu ndi awiri.

Kodi izo zonse zinayamba

Ganizo kulenga injini anawonekera mu chiyambi cha awiri masauzande JSC "ndege Engine". A nthawi yaitali chitukuko afufuza kwa kupanga injini ya atsogoleri amayiko pa nthawi anali kusanthula monga mpweya ndi ndege ntchito. Ngakhale Russian msika wa opanga yachilendo anasefukira zonse. Iwo unamenya mwakhama ndi zoweta engine. Choncho, kutukula anali yovuta, osati afike mlingo wa atsogoleri a dziko, komanso kuposa umisiri alipo, komanso kuti ndege zoweta mpikisano zachilengedwe, mtengo ndi mtengo akalozera. Zikuonekeratu kuti litsatira ngati ntchito kunali kovuta.

Choncho kugwiritsa ntchito ubwino onse amakampani m'banja komanso mabungwe kafukufuku kubala injini.

The lingaliro lalikulu la polojekiti anali kulenga masiku mpweya jenereta ndi magawo amenewa, pa maziko amene kotheka kumanga injini ya ubongo osiyana. Awo akuyenera anaika pa ndege osiyana, komanso apadziko zipangizo kopita - zomera mphamvu ndi makhazikitsidwe kwa ikukoka mpweya. Jenereta mpweya ndi khamu ovuta kwambiri ndi galimoto yapamwamba voteji. Zinali kudzera yogwirizanitsa wake wa akayanjana mu makonzedwe a kupanga mndandanda kwa mayunitsi zosiyanasiyana. Pa nthawi yomweyo kwambiri yafupika mtengo uliwonse zitsanzo za m'tsogolo. Onse zipangizo ndi njira zamakono ndi mapangidwe sanali kunja (ndipo ndithudi sindikanatha, ngakhale chikhumbo adanyamuka chifukwa deta ndi chinsinsi ndi sichinaululidwe), ndipo zinabala mu Russia.

chinsinsi

Ziyenera adzanyamula kukumbukira kuti kuwonjezera makampani Russian kumanga injini ndege ya umisiri mbadwo watsopano zilipo yekha mu United States, France ndi Britain. Iwo likukhalira kuti iwo anali ochepa mayiko kusiyana ndi amene adzalandira zida za nyukiliya ndipo amatha kukhazikitsa makina mu mlengalenga. China Mwachitsanzo, kwa zaka zambiri kuyesera bwino munda. Iye mosavuta akhoza kutengera zoweta Lamulungu 27, koma injini AL-31F, ndi zina anakhalabe sichikupezeka. Choncho, dziko lino akadali amakakamizidwa kugula injini kale osati masiku ano Russia. N'chifukwa chake chitukuko m'dera limeneli inkatetezedwa ndi boma.

The mgwirizano wa kutukula ndi opanga

ophunzira onse amene anali akukonzekera kukhazikitsa ntchitoyi, amapereka lingaliro. Mu 2006, iwo zinasaina protocol pa kukhazikitsa olowa chomwe pambuyo chinasinthidwa maziko mogwirizana m'tsogolo.

kanthu adapindulapo ndi thandizo la boma. ntchito unkatchedwa "PD 14." injini chinayamba mu JSC "ndege Engine", ndi kubala pa JSC "MC UEC". Komanso makampani akuluakulu mu kukhazikitsa amatenda ambiri mwa makampani atongi wa injini ndege, mabungwe a nthambi, komanso mabungwe a Russian Academy of Sciences.

kupanga synchronous

PD 14 - Turbofan injini zokhudza turbojet, ndi yaikulu ya matani 14. Ndi cholinga kuikidwa ndege MS 21 (iwo mopitirira pa chiwerengero cha okwera ku zana ndi makumi atatu kwa zana ndi makumi asanu ndi atatu), umene anasankhidwa mu 2017. Choncho injini ndege amalenga synchronously ndi MS 21 yokha.

Ngati polojekiti amagwiritsa otchedwa Chipata-sayansi. Kumapeto kwa aliyense siteji ikuchitika lolingana kumupima, ndi nawo akatswiri - oimira mabungwe onse. Kudzera wopanikizika, ngati n'koyenera, naweruzire nthawi kusintha ndi asalakwitse zotheka.

Kodi latsopano ndi injini

maziko anauika njira ya yapamwamba, amene atsimikizira kudalirika kwawo pa chitukuko cha PD 14. The injini nthawi yomweyo lili ndi kapangidwe ano zipangizo zamakono. Ntchito, monga faifi tambala ndi titaniyamu superalloys, lomwe kukwaniritsa magawo ankafuna. Choncho, kutukula Russian anapanga tumphatumpha Mkhalidwe kwa mlingo watsopano, kumene injini ndege bwino mu zizindikiro zonse zazikulu.

Choncho, mafuta yafupika ndi khumi peresenti sikisitini. Mawu oyamba a polima zipangizo gulu bwino attenuation phokoso ndi kuchepetsedwa injini kulemera. mitundu yatsopano ya zipangizo, pali makumi awiri.

Mkulu khalidwe zimatheka ndi kubala sikisitini umisiri waukulu ntchito. Kale mu injini sanagwiritse ntchito iwo. Choncho, tsopano pali chitukuko udakali oyamba mu ulimi.

Mu 2012, kuonetsera injini ndi ananena zamakono komanso kamangidwe njira, ali bwinobwino zapita mayesero benchi ya injini-luso demonstrator. zotsatira zabwino anali akwaniritsa pa zowulutsira, umuna ndi yopezeka m'zinthu zachilengedwe.

The injini PD 14 specifications ndi airworthy awo kutsimikiziridwa amagwiritsa ntchito ziyeneretso wapadera zipangizo ntchito. Banki deta yomwe analemba zipangizo, muli mfundo zonse za mlingo wa mphamvu structural, zomwe iwo ali nazo. zipangizo zonse anayesedwa Laboratories kwambiri masiku ano.

Zolinga za polojekiti

Kukula kwa injini limodzi ndi zolinga izi:

• mtengo kupanga yafupika;
• kuchepetsa yokonza ndi kukonza ndalama;
• mutsimikizira ntchito khola la limagwirira ya;
• kuchepetsa mafuta;
• kuchepetsa thupi;
• kuchepetsa phokoso umuna zinthu zoipa.

Pamodzi ndi ntchito pa injini, analenga dongosolo yabwino mayunitsi pambuyo kugulitsa utumiki. Mbaliyi, kuwonjezera pa kukonza mulingo woyenera ndi kukonza njira mmene kukumana, chitsimikizo ndi utumiki. Zimenezi n'zofunika kwambiri makamaka chifukwa chakuti dongosolo ili pafupi sanali sakupezeka, monga kupanga zoweta ndege opareshoni pang'ono.

adzapambana

yofunsira satifiketi anali anagonjera mu 2013 ku PD 14, ndipo kumapeto kwa 2015 kale anayesedwa.

Chifukwa chakuti polojekiti lichitidwa akuyendera angapo a makampani ndi mabungwe kafukufuku, zipangitsa ntchito nchito ya ndalama bajeti. Ndalama ku chitukuko ndi kukhazikitsa lenileni la polojekiti, zimathandiza kuthetsa backlog, amene ankachitika mu makampani zoweta ndege ndi kuyala maziko a chitukuko zina.

Development wa umisiri watsopano tsopano akukhala aziphunzitsa mogwira mtima mchitidwe payekha zingathandize kuletsa onse zolakwa. Zochitika onse kuuzidwa ntchitoyo odziŵika bwino. ophunzira onse ntchito kupitiriza kupindula likuvutika malamulo ena, amene negates chiopsezo imfa.

PD 7, PD-10, PD 14 ndi PS0-90

The okha zoweta injini, amene okonzeka ndi ndege ku Russia lero ndi PS-90A. ndege zina zonse ndi mayunitsi yachilendo.

kutukula Project mukukonzekera kusamutsa m'tsogolo ndege onse Russian pa Motors m'banja latsopano.

PS-90A - injini turbofan. Turbojet mtundu wa PD 14 mavuto amene analipo isanafike injini ndege, chimene chinalepheretsa ntchito zawo mu ndege boma. The vuto lalikulu lagona mowa lalikulu mafuta ndi phokoso amphamvu. Mu ntchito watsopano, izi ndi mavuto ena zagonjetsedwa, kulola injini tsopano ntchito ndege boma.

Banja injini monga PD 14 ndi PD-7 aggregates ndi samatha kuti makilogalamu 7900, ndipo PD-10 ndi yaikulu mpaka 9900 makilogalamu. Baibulo wamphamvu kwambiri PD-14M angathe kuonjezera ndege mtunda ngati katundu pazipita, ndipo popanda izo. Ndipo kudzachitika ndi mowa kungachepetse mafuta ndi gawo khumi ndi zinai kusiyana ndi amene panopa kunyeketsa injini turbofan.

Kuuza mu msika zoweta ndi achilendo

Kutukula ndi mtima wonse tsogolo injini machulukitsidwe PD 14 msika mkati. Pakati pa asanu kupikisana ndege ukugwira ntchito pa msika m'banja, MS 21 ali ndi mwayi kwambiri chiwerengero cha anthu. Iye amatha kukwaniritsa anthu mazana awiri mphambu khumi ndi awiri. Tiyeni yerekezerani: 737 amanyamula okwera 189 okha, ndipo Bombardier-CS300 - 135. chabe Komanso, kuwonjezera buku la katundu, pochitika ndi mipando. Izi atsogolere ndi kufulumizitsa potsegula ndondomeko ndi katundu wa anthu.

Ubwino wina chidwi ndi mtengo wotsika la ndegeyo. Ngati ndege zoweta, ndi bwino mkati injini, ndi ofunika madola makumi asanu ndi atatu miliyoni, 737 Mwachitsanzo, mtengo makampani pafupifupi zana limodzi ndi mamiliyoni asanu ndi Bombardier-CS300 - miliyoni makumi asanu ndi atatu.

Monga tsogolo amasulidwe MS 21 pa msika lonse, pali kutali mtsogolo ndi chosadziwika. The chenicheni chokhacho wogula achilendo ndi kampani Malaysia, kale analamula ndege twente-faifi.

Mwa makampani zoweta analamula ndege:

• "Aeroflot" - makumi asanu zidutswa;
• "VEB-kubwereketsa" - makumi atatu;
• "Ilyushin Finance" - makumi awiri ndi atatu;
• "Sberbank kubwereketsa" - makumi awiri;
• "IrAero" - khumi.

chakuti kampani ndi wathu, ndi achilendo mpaka mumakonda kugula MS 21 akhoza chokhudzana ngakhale ndi mayesero chosakwanira. Komanso, pali vuto la kusowa kwa dongosolo kuphunzira utumiki pambuyo malonda a ndege.

Komabe, Purezidenti wa Russian Federation Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin pa msonkhano atolankhani kumapeto kwa 2015 akamaliza ntchito lotchedwa PD 14 yofunika kwambiri chochitika mu Russian nyumba injini kuyambira Mipingo zaka mazana makumi awiri, ndipo ankakhulupirira kuti injini wathu watsopano zidzaposa analogues yachilendo.

Choncho pali zifukwa kulosera kupambana zoweta dvigatele- ndi ndege yomanga.