Kung'anima kukumbukira. SSD. Mitundu ya kung'anima kukumbukira. khadi kukumbukira

Kung'anima pamtima mtundu yokumbukira okhalitsa kwa makompyuta, zimene zili akhoza reprogrammed kapena kuchotsa njira magetsi. Poyerekeza ndi Electrically Erasable Programmable Werengani Only Memory zochita pamwamba angathe kuchitidwa mu midadada kuti ali mu malo osiyana. Kung'anima kukumbukira ndalama zochepa kwambiri kuposa EEPROM, lasanduka luso lalikulu. Makamaka tikakumana kumene mukufuna azilandira ndi yaitali deta atetezedwe. ntchito zake kuloledwa mavuto osiyanasiyana: mwa osewera digito wailesi, makamera, mafoni ndi mafoni, pamene pali wapadera Android ntchito pa khadi kukumbukira. Komanso, ntchito USB ndodo, kale ntchito kusunga malangizo ndi kusamutsa pakati pa kompyuta. Iye analandira kudziwika ena mu Masewero dziko, kumene nthawi zambiri m'gulu mu kachidutswa kwa kasungidwe deta pa patsogolo masewera.

mafotokozedwe ambiri

Kung'anima pamtima mtundu amene amatha kusunga nkhani pa khadi yanu kwa nthawi yaitali popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Komanso mwina kudziŵika apamwamba liwiro deta mwayi, ndi bwino kayendedwe kukana mantha poyerekeza ndi mbale mwakhama. Ndiyamika makhalidwe, izo zakhala lina zipangizo otchuka zoyendera mabatire ndi migolo. Ubwino wina wosatsutsika kuti pamene khadi kung'anima pamtima wothinikizidwa mu olimba, izo zosatheka kuwononga ena muyezo njira thupi, tingathe kupirira madzi kuthamanga otentha.

Low mlingo deta kupeza

njira mwayi deta ili kukumbukira kung'anima ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi ntchito kwa mitundu ikuluikulu. mwayi wochepa mlingo imagwiridwa ndi dalaivala. RAM Normal yomweyo kuyankha mafoni kuwerenga nkhani ndi mbiri, kubwerera zotsatira za ntchito zimenezi, ndi chipangizo kung'anima pamtima moti patenga nthawi kuiganizira.

The chipangizo ndi mfundo ya ntchito

Pa nthawi, wamba kung'anima kukumbukira, limene lakonzedwa kuti odnotranzistornyh zinthu ndi "akuyandama" chipata. Kudzera mwa n'zotheka kupereka mkulu osalimba yosungirako deta poyerekeza ndi RAM zazikulu, chimene chimafuna awiri transistors ndi chinthu capacitor. Pa nthawi msika muli zosiyanasiyana umisiri kumanga ndi zofunika mtundu wa atolankhani omwe anapangidwa ndi opanga kutsogolera. kusiyana ndi chiwerengero cha zigawo, njira yolembera ndi erasing mfundo ndi bungwe dongosolo, zomwe kawirikawiri mmene udindo.

Pa nthawi, pali angapo mitundu tchipisi kuti Ambiri: kapena ndi NAND. Mu onse kukumbukira transistors kugwirizana anapangidwa kwa mizere pokha - mu kufanana ndi pa mndandanda, motero. Yoyamba zamitundu selo lalikulu, ndipo pali kuthekera kwa kudya kupeza mwachisawawa, wakupatsani kudzapereka mapulogalamu mwachindunji pamtima. wachiwiri amakhala ndi makulidwe ang'onoang'ono mauna, komanso kusala kudya yotsatana kupeza kuti zambiri yabwino pamene kufunika kumanga zipangizo chipika-mtundu umene kusunga yambiri zambiri.

Ambiri zipangizo kunyamula SSD amagwiritsa kukumbukira mtundu kapena. Tsopano Komabe, kuyenera zipangizo kunadetsa otchuka ndi mawonekedwe USB. Amagwiritsa ntchito NAND-mtundu kukumbukira. Pang'onopang'ono m'malo woyamba.

Waukulu vuto - fragility

Zitsanzo woyamba kupanga abulusa kung'anima mndandanda sanadzikondweretsa ogwiritsa imathamanga apamwamba. Koma tsopano, liwiro kujambula ndi kuwerenga ndi pa mlingo kuti angaonedwe zonse kutalika kanema kapena kuthamanga pa kompyuta opaleshoni. angapo opanga kale anasonyeza makina, kumene chosungira m'malo mwa kung'anima kukumbukira. Koma njira imeneyi ali drawback yofunika kwambiri, amene akukhala chopinga kuti m'malo a chonyamulira deta ya mbale maginito alipo. Chifukwa chikhalidwe cha zipangizo kukumbukira kung'anima timatha erasing ndi mfundo kulemba owerengeka m'zinthu, ndiwo kukwaniritsa, ngakhale zipangizo ang'ono ndi kunyamula, osanenapo kangati zachitika pa kompyuta. Ngati inu ntchito mtundu wa atolankhani monga olimba boma pagalimoto pa PC, ndiye mwamsanga vuto yovuta.

Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti zimenezi pagalimoto inamangidwa pa katundu kunja zotsatira transistors kusunga mu "akuyandama" chipata magetsi mlandu, pakalibe kapena kukhalapo kwa imene transistor chikuoneka ngati nkhani imodzi kapena ziro mu bayinare dongosolo chiwerengero. Kujambulitsa ndi erasing posonkhanitsa deta NAND-kukumbukira tunneled ma elekitironi ndi opangidwa ndi njira Fowler-Nordheim yokhudza dielectric. Izo sikutanthauza voteji mkulu, amene amalola kuti osachepera kukula selo. Koma ndendende ndondomeko izi zimabweretsa kuwonongeka thupi maselo, kuyambira magetsi Pankhaniyi amachititsa ma elekitironi kudutsa chipata, kuswa chotchinga dielectric. Komabe, kungakupatseni alumali moyo wa kukumbukira ndi zaka khumi. Depreciation Chip si chifukwa cha kuwerenga nkhani, koma chifukwa cha ntchito ya kufufuta ake ndi kulemba, chifukwa kuwerenga sikutanthauza kusintha kapangidwe ka maselo, koma akudutsa ndi magetsi.

Mwachibadwa, opanga kukumbukira akugwira ntchito mwakhama mu njira za kuwonjezeka moyo utumiki wa abulusa olimba boma la mtundu uwu: iwo atathana kuonetsetsa pachilichonse za kujambula / erasing njira maselo a khamu kuti munthu silinavalidwe kuposa ena. Pakuti katundu kugwirizanitsa pulogalamu njira ali makamaka ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, kuthetsa zodabwitsazi imakhudzanso "kuvala kusalaza" sayansi. deta nthawi zambiri nkhani kusintha, sunthani adiresi danga la kukumbukira kung'anima, chifukwa umboni wa ikuchitika malinga maadiresi osiyana thupi. Aliyense Mtsogoleri ali okonzeka ndi mayikidwe yake aligorivimu, choncho n'kovuta kwambiri kuyerekeza mphamvu ya zitsanzo zosiyana mfundo kukhazikitsa sanali anafotokoza. Pamene chaka chilichonse voliyumu ya abulusa kung'anima akukhala zofunika kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito ma aligorivimu zosavuta kuti pofuna kuonetsetsa mtendere wa ntchito chipangizo.

Kufufuza Zovuta

Njira imodzi kwambiri zothandiza kuthana chodabwitsa anapatsidwa wina kuchuluka kukumbukira redundancy, imene pachilichonse za katundu ndi anaonetsetsa ndi zolakwa kudzudzulidwa mwa ma aligorivimu wapadera zomveka kutumiza thupi midadada M'MALO zikuchitika ndi ntchito katundu wa ndodo kukumbukira. Ndi kuteteza imfa ya mudziwe selo, zosalongosoka, oletsedwa kapena m'malo ndi kubwerera kwa. mapulogalamu amenewa limachititsa kuti asalalikire yogawa kuonetsetsa pachilichonse za katundu ndi kuwonjezera chiwerengero cha m'zinthu ndi nthawi 3-5, koma zimenezi si kokwanira.

Memory khadi ndi zipangizo zina zofanana yosungirako yodziwika ndi yakuti mu malo awo amasungidwa ndi tebulo file dongosolo. Iwo kumathandiza kudziwa kuwerenga ndi zolephera pa mlingo zomveka Mwachitsanzo, olakwika kapena disconnecting kutha mwadzidzidzi mwa kundipatsako kwa mphamvu ya magetsi. Ndipo kuyambira pamene ntchito zipangizo zochotseka operekedwa ndi dongosolo caching, ndi overwriting pafupipafupi Njira yowononga pa tebulo ndi Directory nkhani file Kugawilidwa kwanthaka. Ndipo ngakhale zochitika zapadera makadi kukumbukira sangathe kuthandiza imeneyi. Mwachitsanzo, kwa akuchitira limodzi wosuta anakopera zikwi owona. Ndipo, zikuoneka, kamodzi kokha ntchito kwa midadada chojambulira imene iwo anayikidwa. Koma malo zinagwirizana ndi chilichonse pomwe file aliyense, kuti, Kugawilidwa kwanthaka tebulo akhala akukonza njirayi kambirimbiri. Pachifukwa ichi, mu malo oyamba adzalephera midadada wotanganidwa ndi deta izi. Technology "avale kukhazikika" ntchito mayunitsi amenewa, koma nchito zake ndi zochepa. Ndiyeno zilibe kanthu chimene inu ntchito kompyuta, pa galimoto kung'anima imawonongeka ngakhale pamene amaperekedwa ndi Mlengi.

Dziwani kuti kuwonjezera mphamvu zipangizo amenewa kwachititsa tchipisi chokha chakuti chiwerengero cha m'zinthu lemba utachepa, kuyambira selo kukhala ang'onoang'ono, zofuna zochepa voteji ndi kuti dissipate okusayidi partitions kuti wodzipatula "akuyandama chipata." Ndipo pano zinthu ngati kuti kuwonjezeka mu mphamvu zipangizo ntchito vuto la kudalirika kwawo kwambiri kukula ndi kalasi khadi tsopano amadalira zifukwa zambiri. Odalirika ntchito chisankho chotere anatsimikiza ndi maonekedwe ake luso komanso msika zinthu ofala pa mphindi. Chifukwa mpikisano aukali amakakamizidwa opanga kudula mtengo kupanga mu njira iliyonse. Kuphatikizapo pochepetsa kapangidwe ntchito zigawo za ingachititse mtengo, kayendetsedwe ka kupanga ndi kufooka m'njira zina. Mwachitsanzo, khadi kukumbukira "Samsung" ndalama kuposa zosaonekera, koma yokhulupirika ndi kuli mavuto. Koma apa, wovuta kulankhula za anasiya mavuto, ndipo kokha pa zipangizo kwathunthu opanga osadziwika zovuta kuti ndi chinthu chapadera.

ziyembekezo chitukuko

Ngakhale pali ubwino zoonekeratu, pali ya kuipa zomwe khadi Sd-kukumbukira, kuteteza patsogolo ntchito yake. Choncho anakhalabe kufufuza mosalekeza njira zina zothetsera kusamvana mderali. Kumene, poyamba pa zonse kusintha mitundu analipo a kung'anima pamtima, amene sichichititsa ena kusintha lofunika mu ndondomeko alipo kupanga. Choncho n'zosakayikitsa chimodzi chokha: makampani nawo kupanga mitundu ya abulusa, adzayesa kugwiritsa ntchito luso lake lonse, Musanayambe mtundu wosiyana mopitiriza kusintha luso chikhalidwe. Mwachitsanzo, Sony Memory Khadi opangidwa panopa zosiyana mabuku Choncho amaganiza kuti ali ndi adzapitiriza anagulitsa mwachangu.

Komabe, kwa tsiku, pa kukhazikitsa mafakitale pakhomo ndi lonse osiyanasiyana matekinoloje zina yosungirako, ena amene akhoza akuyendera mwamsanga pa zosayembekezereka wa zinthu zabwino msika.

Ferroelectric RAM (FRAM)

Technology mfundo ferroelectric yosungirako (Ferroelectric RAM, FRAM), okonza kumanga sanali oyaka yokumbukira. Akukhulupirira kuti limagwirira wa luso lilipo, chomwe mu overwriting deta m'kati mungawerenge zosintha zonse zigawo zazikulu, akutitsogolera kuti containment zina zipangizo mkulu-liwiro angathe. A FRAM - kukumbukira, yodziwika ndi kuphweka, mkulu kudalirika ndi liwiro la ntchito. katundu awa tsopano khalidwe la DRAM - kosakhazikika RAM kuti alipo pa nthawiyo. Koma ndiye zambiri zidzawonjezedwa, ndi kuthekera kwa yosungirako yaitali deta, amene amakhala ndi khadi Sd kukumbukira. Mwa ubwino wa njira imeneyi kungakhale wolemekezeka kukana kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana cheza ozama kuti akhoza eni zipangizo zapadera zimene zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ntchito mu zikhalidwe za kuchuluka mpweya wa poizoni kapena kufufuza malo. limagwirira yosungirako mfundo anazindikira kutsatira zotsatira ferroelectric. Amatanthauza kuti zinthu amatha kukhala kugawanika, pakalibe munda kunja magetsi. Aliyense FRAM selo kukumbukira aumbike mwa kuwayika ultrathin filimu zakuthupi ferroelectric mu mawonekedwe a mibulu pakati awiri maelekitirodi lathyathyathya zitsulo n'kupanga capacitor. Deta Pankhaniyi anali mwa dongosolo la galasi. Zimenezi zimathandiza mlandu kutayikira zotsatira zomwe zimabweretsa imfa zambiri. Deta mu FRAM-kukumbukira asungidwa ngakhale mphamvu voteji.

Maginito RAM (MRAM)

mtundu wina wa zinthu, zomwe ziri lero ankaona kuti adzapeza kwambiri, ndi MRAM. Iwo amakhala ndi ntchito ndi liwilo ndipo sanali osakhalitsa. Unit khungu mu nkhani iyi ndi woonda maginito filimu anaika pa gawo lapansi pakachitsulo. MRAM ndi kukumbukira malo amodzi. Sizikusoweka nthawi rewriting, ndipo mfundo sadzakhala otaika pamene mphamvu ikanazimitsidwa. Panopa, akatswiri ambiri amavomereza kuti mtundu uwu wa kukumbukira angatchedwe lotsatira m'badwo luso ngati zinachitika alipo atsimikiza mwachilungamo liwilo ntchito. Ubwino wina wa njira ndi mtengo wotsika tchipisi. Kung'anima kukumbukira wapangidwa malinga ndi apadera CMOS ndondomeko. A Chip MRAM akhoza chopangidwa ndi ndondomeko muyezo kupanga. Komanso zipangizo ikhale zimene anagwiritsa ntchito pa TV ochiritsira maginito. Ndisonyezeni magulu lalikulu tchipisi awa ndi mtengo kwambiri kuposa ena onse. Zofunika MRAM-kukumbukira mbali ndi luso kuti athe n'kamodzi. Zimenezi n'zofunika kwambiri makamaka kwa mafoni zipangizo. Ndithudi, mtundu wa khungu anatsimikiza ndi mtengo wa mlandu maginito, osati magetsi, monga ochiritsira kung'anima kukumbukira.

Ovonic Wonse Memory (OUM)

mtundu wina wa zinthu, pa makampani ambiri kugwira ntchito - ndi olimba boma pagalimoto ofotokoza semiconductors amorphous. Pa maziko ake muli gawo kusintha sayansi kuti ndi ofanana ndi mfundo yolemba pa zimbale ochiritsira. Apa gawo boma la thunthu m'munda magetsi lisinthike ku crystalline kuti amorphous. Ndipo kusintha awasungira, pakalibe voteji. Kuyambira ochiritsira zimbale kuwala , makina onga yodziwika kuti Kutentha kumachitika zochita za magetsi, osati laser. Kuwerenga imagwiridwa mu nkhani iyi chifukwa kusiyana chimawala luso zinthu limati zosiyanasiyana amaona ndi kachipangizo pagalimoto. Theoretically, ngati yankho ali deta yosungirako mkulu osalimba ndi kudalilika pazipita, komanso kuchuluka liwiro. Mkulu zili nambala pazipita m'zinthu lemba lomwe lili ndi kuyendetsa computer, kung'anima, mu nkhani iyi lags ndi malamulo angapo udzakwaniritsidwa.

Chalcogenide RAM (ndayesetsa kudzaza) ndi fezi Change Memory (PRAM)

Njira imeneyi amadziwikanso zochokera pa maziko a kusintha gawo pamene gawo lina mankhwala ntchito nthandala akutumikira monga chuma sanali conductive amorphous, ndi wochititsa chachiwiri ndi crystalline. The kusintha kwa maselo kukumbukira boma wina ndi mzake ikuchitika ndi munda magetsi ndi Kutentha. tchipisi amenewa yodziwika ndi kukana kuti ionizing cheza.

Information-Multilayered okhala khadi (Info-Mica)

zipangizo ntchito anamanga pamaziko a sayansi limeneri lagona pa mfundo za woonda-filimu holography. mfundo zili motere: kupanga loyamba fano ziwiri ooneka enieni opatsirana kwa hologram umisiri CGH. Kuwerenga deta ndi chifukwa fixation wa laser mtengo m'mphepete mwa m'modzi mwa zigawo kujambula, ndi kuwala waveguides antchito. Kuwala propagates pamodzi ndi olamulira amene anakonza kufanana kwa ndege ya wosanjikiza, chimene chinapanga linanena bungwe fano lolingana mudziwe olembedwa kale. Deta koyamba akhoza kuwapeza pa mphindi iliyonse mwa osiyanitsidwa 'kala' ikusonyeza aligorivimu.

Mtundu wa kukumbukira akutsutsana ndi michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi chifukwa chakuti zipangitsa mkulu deta osalimba, mowa mphamvu otsika mtengo wotsika wa nthandala, chitetezo zachilengedwe ndi chitetezo ntchito wosaloleka. Koma rewriting mudziwe khadi ngati kukumbukira salola Choncho, angathe kutumikira monga yosungirako yaitali, m'malo pepala sing'anga kapena njira ina zimbale kuwala kwa kufalitsa zili matumizidwe ophatikizika amawu, nyimbo ndi zithunzi.