Nyama: zakudya mtengo, mipweya, phindu zamoyo mtengo mphamvu, khalidwe

Anthu kudya nyama ku nthawi ya kalekale. Akatswiri a zachikhalidwe amakhulupirira kuti nyama zakudya mtengo ndi waukulu, anachita mbali yaikulu mu chitukuko ubongo wa munthu. Pambuyo phwando nyama mu thupi Amatipatsa ngati zakudya monga aminocarboxylic acid.

Anthu ambiri amadabwa mmene nyama ndi zothandiza, magulu a iwo amaonedwa yabwino? Awa ndi mafunso ena ofanana akhoza anayankha pofufuza deta akuimira makhalidwe ndi zakudya mtengo wa nyama.

Nyama - mankhwala othandiza

Kwa zaka zambiri, pali mtsutso za ngati nyama ndi wofunika kwa thupi ndi mochuluka bwanji tiyenera kupezeka mu zakudya tsiku. Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti kwa amino asidi zikuchokera mapuloteni, mankhwala ali pafupi kwambiri mankhwala amenewa mu thupi, kotero mankhwala chiyambi nyama kudya kwambiri. Ena amakhulupirira kuti nyama - zapoizoni mapuloteni mankhwala, imene mukufuna kusiya palimodzi.

Koma ambiri a akatswiri amapereka kutsatira pa nkhani iyi zikutanthauza golide. Choncho Academician NM Amosov - dokotala ndi mbiri lonse, odziwika mulandu moyo wathanzi, dziwani kuti tsiku menyu anthu azipereka zosaposa 100 magalamu a nyama. Komabe, kutenga chakudya zimadalira makhalidwe munthu aliyense chamoyo payekha. Mmodzi ayenera nyama tsiku lililonse, ena amakonda nsomba kapena masamba.

Tasiya katundu nyama, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti phindu chakudya cha nyama ndi mkulu. Iwo - zofunika waukulu kwa amino zidulo n'kofunika. mankhwala ena alibe zakudya izi.

Nyama ndi matabwa ake

Lingalirani za ziwalo za nyama mitembo ya ng'ombe, amene khungu atachotsedwa. Pre ayenera anadula mutu, kuchotsa zamkati. The zigawo zikuluzikulu ndi nyama minofu minofu connective, wosanjikiza mafuta, ndi zotengera ndi tendons. Ku mtundu wa nyama, zaka zake, kugonana, zikhalidwe, digiri wamafuta, kulondola lakupha zosiyanasiyana zikuchokera mankhwala ndi zakudya mtengo wa nyama.

Kwambiri amtengo mu zikuchokera mankhwala minofu minofu. cholowa ndi za 50-64 peresenti ya kulemera onse a pansi-dzenje nyama. Monga mbali ya izo - Ulusi minofu (minofu, tendons). minofu kwambiri zofewa ili m'magulu minofu, amene anali osachepera zolimbitsa thupi (mafupa a chiuno, msana, lumbar).

Ndi zofewa ndi minofu minofu ya nyama. Akale anali ouma pang'ono. Mu kuphika, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mbali zina za nyama, zomwe zigwirizana ambiri minofu minofu, chifukwa ochepa tendons safanana amachepetsa chiwerengero cha zinyalala.

Zakudya mtengo wa mankhwala nyama

Chakudya ndi phindu kwachilengedwenso wa nyama chifukwa m'nyanjazi ake. mapulotini awa ndi kwa amino acid ndi polyunsaturated mafuta zidulo, amene ali zikuchokera lipids - zachilengedwe organic mankhwala. Ndipo nyama ndi nkhokwe gwero la phosphorous, mavitamini B ndi mchere mchitidwe zakudya. Alipo mu nyama monga extractives, omwe akutipatsa mankhwala kulawa, kulakalaka ndi mwachangu Zimachititsa katulutsidwe wa madzi muzituluka.

Mtengo mphamvu ya nyama - 100-500 kcal pa 100 ga mankhwala. Ambiri amadabwa mmene nyama muli mafuta. Amene amasamala za thanzi lawo, tingakhale otsimikiza kuti ndi ochepa kuchuluka - za 0.06-0.12 peresenti.

Zakudya phindu la nkhuku imakhala kupeza ya ambiri magulu osiyana a mavitamini (B1 kwambiri; B2; B12; B6, PP ndi C). Chicken chiwindi lili vitamini A (300-500 mg / g).

Cholinga zizindikiro Tanthauzo zakudya phindu la nyama (ng'ombe) - chiŵerengero wa edible ziwalo za nyama osayenera chakudya (fupa, chichereŵechereŵe).

zakudya

Ndipotu, zimatulutsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala. Ndipotu, minofu minofu ya anthu onse okhala ndi nyama. Iwo kudya makamaka nyama ya ziweto monga nkhumba, ng'ombe ndi nkhosa ndi akavalo. Komabe, mndandanda wa chakudya zipangizo chiyambi nyama yaiwisi waukulu ndithu.

Mwachitsanzo, zothandiza nyama ya nyama (ng'ombe, nkhumba, mutton, yakavalo, ngamila, sobachatiny neri Al.); makoswe (kalulu ndi akalulu); ungulates (leggings, venison) ndipo, ndithudi, mbalame - kuchokera miyambo ya nkhuku masewera zosowa.

M'mayiko ena, Iwo ali wapadera kwambiri otchuka nyama mbale wa achule (mwachitsanzo, achule).

Kuyenera anatsindika kuti mtundu uliwonse amapereka mmalo mtundu winawake wa mankhwala.

Mwachitsanzo, mu India musadye ng'ombe, ndi m'mayiko Muslim - nkhumba. Oimira anthu Asilavo pafupifupi musadye yakavalo ndi kupeweratu sobachatiny ndi lyagushatinu. Koma m'mayiko ambiri a ku Ulaya, kavalo nyama - mankhwala lapamtima. Chinese ndi Korea sobachatiny ankaona kuti ndi chakudya chokoma, ndi French ndi America kukonda mbale ku achule.

Mlingo tsiku la mowa

mtengo Othandiza menyu - magalamu 150 nyama patsiku. Komabe, izi sizikutanthauza kuti aliyense ali kudya ndi nambala yake. Mphamvu ya munthu ali basi kukhala anzeru ndi ziyeneretso kukoma. Komanso, mlingo tsiku zingasiyane chifukwa matenda ena. Choncho, kuvutika kwa atherosclerosis akulimbikitsidwa kudya wa magalamu 70-80 nyama mafuta-free tsiku kapena katatu pa mlungu 150 madokotala Britain amakhulupirira kuti akulu ayenera kuonetsetsa kudya magalamu 90 a nyama wofiira, popanda kutchula malire, mbalame zakudya tsiku .

Asayansi mlingo dziko, polimbana ndi sayansi ya zakudya, saika zofunika patsogolo enieni kumwa mankhwala nyama. Izi zidalira pa makhalidwe munthu (mtundu, chipembedzo, mlingo wa chuma cha dziko okhala) munthu.

Komabe, kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti kumwa wofiira nyama mu lalikulu zedi zimamuchulukira thupi ndi organic zinthu (zomwe zingadzetse ndi muyeso wa uric acid) ndi kagayidwe kachakudya mankhwala. Izi ndi zoipa kwa chiwindi, impso, kuchititsa disruptions mu dongosolo mtima. Kotero kuti ulamuliro wa ntchito ya nyama ndi anafunikiradi.

Poyerekeza ndi nyama mapuloteni, osati zochepa mtengo ndi mankhwala ofanana ali nsomba. Iwo mosavuta digested, choncho akulimbikitsidwa kudya tsiku ndi tsiku. Ndipo anthu a okhwima zaka masiku 1-2 sabata bwino m'malo nyama nsomba chakudya kapena mkaka.

zizindikiro khalidwe

Chakudya ndi mphamvu mtengo wa nyama zimadalira mmene umene mankhwala ilipo salembedwa. Choncho, kudziwa ubwino wake ndi mosavuta. Mwatsopano nyama umafunika (chilled) ayenera kukhala wouma, wotumbululuka wofiira, pang'ono lonyowa pa odulidwa, osati yomata. Dimple pa kukanikiza pa nyama ndi mphezi chosaopsa Mwamsanga, ndi madzi limayenda bwino pamene ang'ambe thupilo. Mtundu zimadalira mitundu mafuta a nyama: nkhumba mafuta yochitidwa-pinki, ndi ng'ombe - wotumbululuka chikasu.

Kwambiri khalidwe la nyama anatsimikiza pogwiritsa ntchito mpeni mkangano. Pamene kuboola stale mankhwala ku mpeni kenako zosasangalatsa kununkhiza.

Ngati nyama wataya zotanuka kugwirizana, ndi yomata, poterera ndi mdima kumatanthauza osauka khalidwe. Pamene mphako zikuoneka kuti si nyama ali greyish-wobiriwira kulocha, ndi kuthamanga-tcheru chala fossa osati limagwirizana. zakudya mtengo wa mtundu wa nyama kwathunthu anataya.

Nitrites ndi ku feteleza mankhwala nyama

Osalungama "mavitamini", monga usawonongeke chakudya ndi kuthandiza kukhala ndi pinki mankhwala kulocha nyama. Iwo akuwonjezeka mu kusuta mankhwala, sausages, zam'chitini nyama, ambiri zakudya, komanso ntchito salting nyama.

nitrites ndithu poizoni: ambiri osokoneza aliyense wa iwo ndi owopsa kwa thupi. Hemoglobin anakumana ndi zinthu zimenezi m'magazi ndi kutembenukira ku methemoglobin, ndiyeno chitsulo oxidized wotaya mphamvu yake kupulumutsa mpweya zimakhala ndi, angagwe umene linalephera pachimake.

Zotsatira zamoyo ku feteleza inamuluma osiyana. Kamodzi kapepala kakuti m'mimba, iwo n'kukhala nitrites ndiyeno - mu carcinogens.

Plus, feteleza komanso nitrites zotsatira zoipa dongosolo m'mimba, kuphwanya kanthu kwa michere ndi inhibiting mayamwidwe mapulotini mafuta.

processing zophikira

Mankhwala kapangidwe ndi zakudya mtengo wa nyama akhoza kuphatikiza ndi ambiri mankhwala. N'chifukwa chake chili ponseponse mu kuphika. Pa kuphika, ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kutentha mankhwala. Nyama kuphika, kuphika, mphodza ndi mwachangu pripuskayut.

Matenthedwe processing ng'ombe atakhazikitsa kapangidwe ka mankhwala, pamafunika kuti okonzeka, ndi kuwononga tizilombo zoipa.

Palinso njira za kukonzekera nyama pamaso kutentha mankhwala - sludge (Tingafinye wa minced nyama mu inaimitsidwa Kakhungu). Izo ntchito mu kupanga sausages.

Mapuloteni ndi mafuta

Machulukitsidwe nyama zidulo aminocarboxylic kumathandiza mkulu mapuloteni okhutira (14-24%). Pa calorie mankhwala akhudzidwa ndi kukhalapo m'menemo yaikulu Mlingo wa mafuta (30-40%).

Kapepala kakuti m'mimba yaitali kudya mafuta nyama. zakudya mtengo chifukwa si choncho ake kapangidwe ka mapuloteni, koma makamaka mafuta, organic mankhwala ndi zinthu extractive.

Ng'ombe nyama lili 2,9-16% mafuta ndi 14-21% mapuloteni; nkhumba, malingana ndi mlingo wa ndawonda - 28, 33-49 ndi 17% mafuta, 14-12% mapuloteni; nkhuku - 8-18% mafuta ndi 18-21% mapuloteni. The Turkey mapuloteni pang'ono kwambiri.

Kalulu lili 21% mapuloteni ndi 11% mafuta. Ndi bwino mu mankhwala ndi zakudya mu zakudya zambiri.

zinyalala

Ziweto kutipatsa osati nyama. Zakudya phindu ambiri byproducts (chinenero, impso, mtima) kwambiri mkulu. Ambiri anayamikira chiwindi, monga nkhokwe weniweni wa mavitamini a magulu osiyana, komanso zinthu magazi kupanga. zinthu zonse kufufuza mwangwiro odzipereka kwa kutentha mankhwala chiwindi (yophika, stewed, yokazinga) ndi pates Choncho, palibe kufunika kwa ntchito theka anaphika (ambiri amavomereza kuchita zimenezi pa hemoglobin yafupika). Komabe, chiwindi lili purines, mafuta m'thupi, asidi uric, kotero gout, matenda a impso, atherosclerosis, ndi anthu onenepa kwambiri, m'pofunika kuchepetsa mowa.

Choncho, kuti achotse nyama zakudya zawo, zomwe ndi mtengo aatali zakudya, ndi osavomerezeka kwathunthu.

Chikhulupiriro chakuti nyama - zoipa mankhwala si zoona. Mosakayikira, tidzapindula ngati mowa zomveka, amaika kukhala loipa kwa thupi.