Ntchito ya nauni kulankhula. Ntchito manauni zolankhula

Category mbali ya kulankhula chinenero cha Chirasha ndi kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe zofunika. Amadziwika kuti magulu anayi: palokha, utumiki, modal (kapena athandizira) mawu ndi interjections. Woyamba imakhudzanso nauni. Ndi lalikulu, zikhoza kuonedwa kuti malingaliro chachikulu zinenero.

Nauni monga mbali ya kulankhula

lotanthauzira wathu lili ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha mawu kutanthauza zinthu, kaya anthu, nyama zinthu zina kapena zinthu. manauni onsewa. Komanso, pali mfundo umboni, kuphatikizapo khalidwe Mwachitsanzo, kuona mtima, kukoma mtima, dumbo; m'tulo, kuthamanga, kuvina, yosangalala. manauni amenewa amagwiritsidwa kanthu za Kudziwa ndi yankho la funso lakuti "ndani?" kapena "chiyani?".

mawu onsewa amatchedwa zamoyo ndi zopanda moyo ndi magulu amenewa morphological monga jenda, chiwerengero ndi mlandu. Choncho, iwo anawagawa agonane atatu (chachimuna, chosalimba, pakati), zimasiyana mu nambala (mmodzi ndi zambiri), komanso milandu isanu ndi umodzi.

Nauni monga mbali ya kulankhula Ilinso ndi mawonekedwe koyamba mu mawonekedwe a mmodzi nominative: chidole, mtsikana, chisanu, chimwemwe, shuga.

Ntchito ya nauni zolankhula

Mu Russian, aliyense mawu 100 mlandu manauni 40. Oterewa 40% ya kapangidwe lexical. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pafupifupi mawu chachiwiri ndi nkhani kapena mfundo zimene akuyankha funso "ndani?" kapena "chiyani?". Chifukwa n'zovuta Musaone udindo wa nauni kulankhula.

Mokulira popanda mayunitsi izi kalembedwe simukanati mgonero zonse. Pambuyo chiganizocho, monga ulamuliro, pali limasonyeza pakati zinthu ndi mgwilizano umene ulipo pakati pawo ndipo pafupifupi aliyense wa iwo ali ndi liwu lofotokozera kapena lokamba, ndi zambiri kuposa wina. Tanthauzo la gawo ili la mawu odziwika zilankhulo, anati VG Vetvitsky, liwulo ngati "oketsra wochititsa kalembedwe" chilichonse chimene ali kutiona onse "oketsra" - mawu yozungulira kuti analandira mawonekedwe ndi kugwirizana naye.

Umagwira ntchito yotamandika ndipo ambiguity wa manauni, ndi ntchito monga njira omveka (mafanizo, achipongwe, kufanizira), ndi pamaso pa ambiri, osati mwachindunji, komanso ophiphiritsira.

Ntchito manauni zolankhula

gulu la mbali ya kulankhula ziganizo amachita ndi ntchito zofunikira mu mapangidwe zapansi predicative. Mwachitsanzo, liwu lofotokozera kapena lokamba akhoza akhale yekha yaikulu akuti mu chiganizo nominative. A chitsanzo chapadera ndi amagwira ndi Alexander Blok, "Night. Street. Nyali. Pharmacy ... "

Ntchito ya nauni mu funso si kwenikweni. Monga mkhalidwe, izo zikhoza zili nominative mu otchedwa ziganizo bicomponent: "Mchemwali wanga - wophunzira" komanso ndipamene nkhani oblique ntchito ngati wogulitsa wa mfundo zotsatirazi:

• chinthu ( "Masha amadzadza Diary");
• zotengera malingaliridwe ( "mtsikana anali owala ndi osangalala");
• attributive ( "mkulu nduna ndi wotakasuka zokwanira");
• adverbial ( "Ife onse anasonkhana pakhomo").

Chifukwa chakuti nauni ali m'gulu la jenda ndi chiwerengero, izo amatha pamodzi zosiyanasiyana negotiated naye mawu: okongola (s) zovala (I), wokongola (s) fano (s), wokongola (f) maluwa (s).

Ntchito manauni konkire

Malinga ndi makhalidwe a makhalidwe ofotokozedwa a gawo ili la mawu ali m'magulu angapo, lomwe ndi unit (mtola, udzu), chuma (mkaka, uchi, Siliva), kusonkhanitsa (masamba, mchenga, zirombo). Koma mwina ochuluka kwambiri ndipo ambiri mu ntchito ya kulankhula - manauni, tsono mwa konkire ndi mfundo chabe.

The mawu kwambiri "manauni konkire" kale mokwanira kudziwa zili wa gululo. Mfundo imeneyi otchedwa zinthu zosiyana ndi zochitika zenizeni. Mmodzi wa peculiarity awo ndi mawu a gulu pokha manauni ali mwangwiro pamodzi ndi mawerengero iliyonse - onse kachulukidwe ndi ordinal, ndi gulu: aang'ono awiri, mwana chachiwiri, ana aang'ono awiri; mapensulo awiri - pensulo chachiwiri.

Mbali yachiwiri - luso kupanga amayambanso mochulukitsa: tot - aang'ono pensulo - mapensulo.

Ntchito manauni umboni

Mayina ena mfundo umboni, nayenso, ndi wosanjikiza olimba a mawu Russian. mawu awa - manauni, mayina kapena kusonyeza ena mfundo umboni, kanthu kapena boma (a kulimbana, chisangalalo), ubwino kapena khalidwe (makhalidwe abwino, ubwino, yellowness).

Mosiyana ndi mayina enieni umboni ntchito kokha mu mtundu umodzi wa - kapena ndi umodzi (chete, gloss, kuseka, zoipa), kapena okha angapo (mlungu, maholide, masankho, madzulo). Komanso, iwo sangakhoze pamodzi ndi manambala kadinala. Usanene, atatu chete, awiri gloss. Ena mwa manauni umboni angagwiritse ntchito zambiri adverbs - pang'ono pokha - zambiri, "Ndipo ambiri a ana anasangalala!", "Kodi kubweretsa mavuto ambiri," "Ndipo mmene anali masoka"!

Nthawi zina, pofuna kuzindikira mawonetseredwe aliyense konkire makhalidwe umboni, angagwiritsidwe ntchito mochulukitsa mu fomu iyi: chisanu - bingu January frosts, chakuya - kufika nyanja yakuya, kukongola - kusangalala kukongola kwa chilengedwe, etc.

manauni zambiri zolankhula

Ngati timayesetsa kudziwa mawu wamba Russian, tinganene za kutchuka mawu ena ntchito. Nthawi zambiri ntchito, titero, manauni tsiku ndi tsiku. Mu mawu a munthu aliyense lidzalira maina ziwiya (supuni, mpeni, foloko, miphika, ziwaya, etc.), chakudya (chakudya, mkaka, masoseji, pasta, etc.), Mawu zokhudza ntchito zoyendera maphunziro.

Kudziwa mmene kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mawu kapena kuti dzina (dzina la chiphunzitso cha), philologists-asayansi kulenga otanthauzira mwambo. Ena a iwo manauni yekha Choncho, zochokera kuphunzira n'zotheka kuti mumakumbukira nthawi zina. otanthauzira zimenezi zimatchedwa pafupipafupi.

chaka, anthu, nthawi, vuto, moyo, tsiku, dzanja, ku ntchito, mau, malo: lina zofunikirazi a zikwi manauni anapatsidwa mawu awa anali pafupipafupi kwambiri.

Manauni kulankhula mwana

Ku maganizo a asayansi, munthu wosazindikira, podziwa m'dzikoli, akuyendayenda chikhalidwe ndi zochitika zake, pakuwapatsa dzina lawo. maina awa nthawi anakonza chinenero cha mafuko, kulenga mawu ake. Mofananamo, manauni kuwonekera mawu mwanayo. Mumakhala ichi ndi mawu adayankhulidwa kwa iwo: Mayi, bambo, mayi, Kitty, etc. Mwana ngati anthu akale, kwambiri mwachidwi kuyang'ana pozungulira, ndipo akufuna kuti dzina la izi kapena kuti chinthu, ndiyeno mfundo zapamwamba kwambiri.

Choncho, pa nthawi zimachitika ana limasonyeza associative, mawu awo limayenda ndi manauni latsopano. Mwachitsanzo, mwana amadziwa zimene udzu, kenako atazindikira kuti ali ndi mtundu wina, zingachitike ndi mawu akuti "wobiriwira." The nauni "khoma" malingana ndi chuma amakhala "thupi" - njerwa, miyala, matabwa. Ndipo mawu awa, inunso pang'onopang'ono m'gulu la lotanthauzira mawu a mwanayo.

Pomaliza

Nauni, kutanthauza chinthu kapena chodabwitsa, limautcha m'lingaliro wodziika. Choncho, kungakhale maina a zinthu ndi zinthu (desiki, kope, buku, zovala), zipangizo (utoto, ufa, soda), zamoyo ndi tizilombo (munthu, mphaka, starling, Bacillus), zochitika, zochitika, mfundo (zikuluzikulu, mkuntho, chisangalalo), maina malo, maina ndi mayina a anthu, komanso makhalidwe, katundu, zochita limati (kukoma mtima, nzeru, kuyenda, kusinza). Zitsanzo zonsezi chapadera cha ntchito manauni.

Ndi thandizo lawo n'zosavuta kuyenda m'misewu, kuwerenga zizindikiro, chifukwa mayina a mabungwe mabungwe kuimira gawo ili la mawu. Mofananamo, kosavuta kulingalira mmene ayankhidwa mu bukhu kapena nkhani (mutu, monga ulamuliro, pali nauni). Iwo angatchedwe wamkulu, ambiri, ndi palokha kwambiri, zofunika kwambiri, komanso kutsogolera gawo mu galamala lapansi.

N'kosatheka kugwirizana ndi L. Mfundo wofotokozedwa udindo wa nauni kulankhula, ukuitanira izo chinenero mkate. Kodi chofunika ndi mankhwala mu moyo wa munthu ndi wofunika kwambiri, ndi gulu ili mu ntchito kwa chinenero.